Kaimal is an aristocratic title or position granted by various Rajas to powerful Nair families in Kerala.
The word "Kaimal" originated from "Kai," meaning "the hand," signifying power in medieval Kerala.
Kaimals are considered one of the highest castes in South India, along with Samantha Varmas, Karthavs, Thirumalpad, Pillais, Kurups, Nambiars, etc.[1]
Kaimals identify themselves as a Nair Subcaste. There are many references recorded in various historical documents. They are the Jenmi and Naduvazhi of Kerala.[2][3][4][5][6][7][8]
Several well known families have borne the title, including the Thachudaya Kaimal, Kaimals of Koratti, Angi and Pondicherry.[9]
Many Kaimal families are also part of Kshatriya Kshema Sabha along with Nair Service Society. [10]
Subcaste
editKaimals were originally a class of Samantha Nairs, but in some areas, they were classified as Aristocratic Illam and Kiriyam Nairs to align with the hierarchy of various kingdoms.
The Dutch in Cochin
editOn 26 October 1662, the rulers of Kochi successfully defeated the Portuguese who wanted to change the statue of Kochi from that of an ally to that of a vassal. They exploited the rivalry between the Dutch and the Portuguese, and made the Dutch their ally in the war against the Portuguese forces. The Kochi kings fought this battle with the assistance rendered by the Anchi Kaimals.[11]
T. I. Poonen says
It may be mentioned that one of the important causes of Dutch success in Cochin was the loyal co-operation they received from the Anchi Kaimals or five lords of whom the most important was Cheranellular Kartha.[12]
Regional rulers
editSome regional rulers such as Koratty Kaimal were served and protected by trained non-Nair warriors as well.[13]
Territorial rulers titled Kaimal and Kartha ran parallel administrative systems by challenging kings. [14][full citation needed] Many of them were very powerful and even Raja sought help from foreign powers such as the Portuguese to conquer them.[15]
See also
editReferences
edit- ^ Bahadur), L. Krishna Anantha Krishna Iyer (Diwan (1912). The Cochin Tribes and Castes ... government of Cochin.
- ^ "Journal of Kerala Studies". 2005.
- ^ Journal of Kerala Studies/. 2005.
- ^ "The Cochin State Manual". Cochin Govt Press, Year 1911. 1911.
- ^ "Journal of Kerala Studies". Cochin Govt Press, Year 1911. 2005.
- ^ From Biography to History Essays in the History of Portuguese Asia (1500-1800). The University of Virginia. 2005. ISBN 978-81-89420-01-7.
- ^ "Madras Christian College Magazine, Page 411". Madras Christian College, year 1910. 1910.
- ^
Kaimal,” the title of a prince of the Nayar caste in Malabar (Dalgado I 172-173). "Francis Xavier: His Life, his times - vol. 2: India, 1541-1545". The Jesuits Historical Institute, 1977.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link) - ^ Koshy, M. O. (1989). The Dutch Power in Kerala, 1729-1758. Mittal Publications. pp. 45, 49. ISBN 978-8-17099-136-6.
- ^ "ക്ഷത്രിയ ക്ഷേമസഭ വിപുലീകരിക്കും". Archived from the original on 4 January 2022. Retrieved 4 January 2022.
- ^ Menon, A. Sreedhara (1965). Kerala District Gazetteers, Eranakulam. p. 153.
- ^ Poonen, T. I. A survey of the rise of the Dutch Power in Malabar. pp. 106–107.
- ^
"Kerala District Gazetteers: Kottayam". Superintendent of Government Presses. 1981.
Collected From The University of California
- ^ "International Congress on Kerala Studies". the University of Michigan. 1994.
- ^ "A history of Kerala, 1498-1801". 1960,Page 56 57. 1960.