Juan Márquez Cabrera was a Spanish soldier who served as governor of Honduras (1668 – 1672) and then of Spanish Florida (1680 – 1687), until he was dismissed for abuses in office against the native peoples and Spanish citizens of Florida. He, as did the three previous governors, spent much time supervising construction of the Castillo de San Marcos and other fortifications in the presidio of St. Augustine as well as defending Florida against incursions from the British to the north.
Juan Márquez Cabrera | |
|---|---|
| 31st Governor of Spanish Honduras | |
| In office 1668–1672 | |
| Preceded by | Juan de Zuazo |
| Succeeded by | Pedro de Godoy Ponce de León |
| 28th Governor of La Florida | |
| In office September 28, 1680 – April 11, 1687 | |
| Preceded by | Pablo de Hita y Salazar |
| Succeeded by | Pedro de Aranda y Avellaneda |
| Personal details | |
| Born | unknown unknown |
| Died | unknown unknown |
| Profession | soldier and administrator (governor) |
Career
editJuan Márquez Cabrera joined the Spanish Army in his youth. He excelled in his military career, attaining the rank of sergeant major. In 1668, he was appointed governor of Honduras, an office he occupied until 1672.[1] On September 28, 1680, Cabrera was appointed governor of Florida to replace Pablo de Hita y Salazar.[2]
Florida government
editEarly years in the Florida government
editHe arrived at St. Augustine, capital of the province, on November 30 of that year. On his arrival, Hita y Salazar gave him a report that included a detailed outline of his administration's progress in St. Augustine, and described the progress on the works of the Castillo de San Marcos. None of these changes, however, corresponded to the original plans that had been commissioned by the Crown.
Governor Cabrera made a series of investigations that concluded works done on the Castillo under Salazar's supervision did not coincide with the report he gave to the new governor. His engineers found errors and deficiencies in the structures he was commanded to build, especially regarding the walls and bastions.
Cabrera also levied an onerous tax on ranchers in Florida[3] and ordered that all cattle should be butchered at the slaughterhouse in St. Augustine.[4][5]
In 1683, Governor Cabrera formed a militia company of free mulattos (pardos) and blacks (morenos) militia in St. Augustine, consisting of 42 men and six officers.[6] Later that same year they helped drive away a fleet of pirates led by the Frenchman Michel Grammont.[7]
English and French pirate threat
editIn February 1683, the Governor of Havana warned Cabrera that French and English pirates from the Bahamas were going to attack St. Augustine. The governor set about preparing the town's defenses, and ordered the erection of two new watchtowers on the coast, one about 27 miles southward at Ayamón,[8] and the other on the waterfront north of town.[9] On April 30, the French pirate Brigaut entered Matanzas Inlet at the south end of Anastasia Island and seized the watchtower. The alarm was raised in St. Augustine, and Cabrera ordered the inhabitants of the town to take shelter in the unfinished Castillo de San Marcos, and sent ninety soldiers to engage the pirates. After several clashes on the island, Brigraut withdrew; the pirate fleet then abandoned its assault and sailed north.[7]
Last years as Governor of Florida
editIn August, 1686, Governor Cabrera sponsored a raiding party of Spaniards, Guale Indians, and pardo militiamen, under the overall command of Thomás de León, that sacked the plantation of the English Governor of Carolina, Joseph Morton, as well as others, and burned the Scottish settlement at Port Royal Island. Captain de León intended to attack Charles Town but a sudden storm arose, forcing the Spanish to return to St. Augustine.[10][11][12]
Cabrera assigned Marcos Delgado to lead a troop of 13 soldiers and 40 Indians to explore and observe the territory between San Luis de Apalache and the river and bay of Espíritu Santo.[13][14]
Cabrera's administration negatively impacted and abused the Indigenous peoples of the province as well as criollos, Christian natives, widows, Mexicans, and Cubans, causing the Franciscans to protest vociferously against the governor, leading to his arrest by the Crown.[15] On April 11, 1687, he was replaced by Diego de Quiroga y Losado as governor of La Florida.[2]
References
edit- ^ Cahoon, Ben. Honduras: Chronology.
- ^ a b Cahoon, Ben. U.S. States F-K.
- ^ Agricultural History. Agricultural History Society. 1961. p. 122.
- ^ Southeastern Archaeology. Southeastern Archaeological Conference. 1992. p. 82.
- ^ Elizabeth Jean Reitz (1979). "Spanish and British Subsistence Strategies at St. Augustine, Florida, and Frederica, Georgia, between 1565 and 1783" (Stream). Archive.org. University of Florida. p. 41.
- ^ Jane Landers (1 January 1999). Black Society in Spanish Florida. University of Illinois Press. p. 22. ISBN 978-0-252-06753-2.
- ^ a b Amy Turner Bushnell (1987). David Hurst Thomas (ed.). Situado and Sabana: Spain's Support System for the Presidio and Mission Provinces of Florida. Anthropological Papers of the American Museum of Natural History: The Archaeology of Mission Santa Catalina de Guale, No. 74. Vol. 68. University of Georgia Press. p. 162. ISBN 978-0-8203-1712-0.
- ^ Luis R. Arana; Jean Parker Waterbury (1999). Defenses and defenders at St. Augustine: a collection of writings. St. Augustine Historical Society. p. 69.
- ^ Theodore Corbett (2012). St. Augustine Pirates and Privateers. The History Press. p. 49. ISBN 978-1-60949-721-7.
- ^ Timothy Paul Grady (6 October 2015). Anglo-Spanish Rivalry in Colonial South-East America, 1650–1725. Taylor & Francis. p. 50. ISBN 978-1-317-32385-3.
- ^ John E. Worth (4 February 2007). The Struggle for the Georgia Coast. University of Alabama Press. p. 146. ISBN 978-0-8173-5411-4.
- ^ Landers 1999, p. 23
- ^ David J. Weber (1992). The Spanish Frontier in North America. Yale University Press. p. 151. ISBN 0-300-05917-5.
- ^ Mark F. Boyd (July 1937). "The Expedition of Marcos Delgado from Apalache to the Upper Creek Country in 1686". The Florida Historical Quarterly. 16 (1). Florida Historical Society: 5.
- ^ Gannon, Michael. The Coming of the Judeo-Christian Religions to the Caribbean and Florida.