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Juan Enrique Segarra-Palmer is a Puerto Rican activist and one of the founders of the pro-independence group Los Macheteros.
In 1989, he was convicted of seditious conspiracy, as well as interference with interstate commerce in connection with the Wells Fargo Depot robbery. He was sentenced to 55 years in prison, but in 1999 accepted an offer of clemency from US President Bill Clinton.[1][2]
Early years and personal life
editSegarra was born on March 6, 1950, in Santurce, Puerto Rico.[3] He came from a nationalist family that had a long history of resistance to both Spanish and American colonialism. He worked in poor neighborhoods of New York, in prisons in Boston, in anti-mining campaigns and the land reclamation movement in Puerto Rico.[citation needed]
After attending Phillips Academy Andover, he graduated from Harvard University and continued studying in Cuernavaca, Mexico. He is married to former domestic terrorist Lucy Berrios and they have five children: Amilcar, Ramon, Wanda, Luriza, and Zulena.[4]
Seditious conspiracy
editIn 1985, Segarra was arrested for conspiring to overthrow the U.S. government in Puerto Rico and to obtain money from Wells Fargo company, which was insured by the United States government, to fund the independence struggle in Puerto Rico. He was sentenced to 60 years in prison in Atlanta, Georgia.[4]
During his trial proceedings, Segarra declared himself a prisoner of war and refused to participate in the proceedings.[5]
Political activism
editThe Wells Fargo Depot robbery took place on September 12, 1983, coinciding with the birthdate of Puerto Rican nationalist Dr. Pedro Albizu Campos.[6] The robbery occurred in West Hartford, Connecticut and resulted in a net gain of over $7 USD million.[7] It was "then the largest cash heist in U.S. history."[8] The Wells Fargo robbery incident resulted in no deaths or injuries.[2]
The Macheteros gave the robbery the code name "White Eagle" (or Águila Blanca in Spanish). According to the Macheteros, part of the money was used to support impoverished communities in Puerto Rico by funding education, food, housing, clothing, and even toys for children.[6] However, prosecutors argued that the money was actually used to finance the activities of Los Macheteros.[9]
Charges
editThe FBI charges against Segarra-Palmer for this robbery include: obstruction of commerce by robbery and conspiracy, bank robbery, aggravated robbery, theft from interstate shipment, foreign and interstate transportation of stolen money, and conspiracy to interfere with commerce by robbery.[10] The group asserted that the money was not used for personal gain, but to further the struggle for Puerto Rico's independence.[6]
Several Puerto Rican nationalists were sentenced to as long as 90 years in federal prisons for various offenses, including sedition, possession of unregistered firearms, interstate transportation of a stolen vehicle, interference with interstate commerce by violence, and interstate transportation of firearms with intent to commit a crime.[2]
The individuals who were granted clemency were not convicted of any actual bombings. Instead, they were convicted of a range of charges such as bomb making, conspiracy, armed robbery, and firearms violations.[11] All of them were convicted of sedition, which refers to the act of attempting to overthrow the Government of the United States in Puerto Rico by force.[1][12]
Sentence
editJuan Segarra-Palmer, one of the leaders of the group, was sentenced to 55 years in prison.[13] but he was released in January 2004.[14]
Political prisoner
editAt the time of his arrest, Segarra-Palmer and the others declared themselves to be combatants in an anti-colonial war against the United States to liberate Puerto Rico from U.S. domination and invoked prisoner of war status. They argued that the U.S. courts did not have jurisdiction to try them as criminals and petitioned for their cases to be handed over to an international court that would determine their status. The U.S. Government, however, did not recognize their request.[4]
The sentences received by Segarra-Palmer and the other Nationalists were judged to be "out of proportion to the nationalists' offenses."[2] Statistics showed their sentences were almost 20 times greater than sentences for similar offenses by the American population at large.[4]
In 1999, Segarra-Palmer was one of the Macheteros members whose sentences were commuted by President Bill Clinton.[15]
For many years, numerous national and international organizations criticized Segarra-Palmer's incarceration categorizing it as political imprisonment.[16][17] President Bill Clinton extended him conditional clemency, which he accepted,[18] and was released in 2004.[19][20]
In 2006, the United Nations called for the release of the remaining Puerto Rican political prisoners in United States prisons.[21]
See also
editReferences
edit- ^ a b "United States Department of Justice. Office of the Pardon Attorney: Commutations of Sentences". Justice.gov. Retrieved 2012-01-17.
- ^ a b c d John M. Broder "12 Imprisoned Puerto Ricans Accept Clemency Conditions", The New York Times, September 8, 1999.
- ^ Reform, United States Congress House Committee on Government (June 10, 1999). "The FALN and Macheteros Clemency: Misleading Explanations, a Reckless Decision, a Dangerous Message: Third Report". U.S. Government Printing Office – via Google Books.
- ^ a b c d "Pro LIBERTAD Campaign for the Freedom of Puerto Rican Political Prisoners and Prisoners of War". Hartford-hwp.com. 30 October 1995. Retrieved 2012-01-17.
- ^ Prendergast, Alan. End of the Line. Denver Westword, July 12, 1995. Archived 2012-01-28 at the Wayback Machine Retrieved on 2008-11-21
- ^ a b c Ultima Hora (San Juan, PR) September 12, 2008. Machetero revela destino del millonario botín robado a la Wells Fargo. By Iñaki Estívaliz, Agencia EFE. Accessed November 20, 2009.
- ^ La Crónica Gráfica (San Juan, Puerto Rico), 1987. Los Macheteros: El robo de $7 millones de la Wells Fargo (Spanish) By Armando André. (5th in a 6 Article Series) Accessed November 20, 2009.
- ^ The Hartford (Connecticut, USA) Courant. February 8, 2008. Wells Fargo Fugitive Captured: Suspect Allegedly Transported Cash From $7 Million Robbery To Mexico By Edmund H. Mahony, Courant Staff Writer Retrieved November 30, 2009.
- ^ "4 of 5 Men Are Convicted In '83 Wells Fargo Robbery". The New York Times. April 11, 1989. Retrieved 22 February 2010.
- ^ The Hartford Courant. February 8, 2008. Wells Fargo Fugitive Captured: Suspect Allegedly Transported Cash From $7 Million Robbery To Mexico By Edmund H. Mahony, Courant Staff Writer; retrieved November 30, 2009.
- ^ "CNN. Eleven Puerto Rican Nationalists Freed from Prison". Cnn.com. 1999-09-10. Retrieved 2012-01-17.
- ^ Hanley, Charles J. (1998-05-10). "Puerto Rican Inmate Has No Regrets For His Terrorist Actions". Community.seattletimes.nwsource.com. Retrieved 2012-01-17.
- ^ "Puerto Rican Nationalist Sentenced in Robbery Plot". Nl.newsbank.com. June 16, 1989. Retrieved 2012-01-17.
- ^ "Hundreds Greet Nationalist Freed After 19 Years In Prison". Puerto Rico Herald. Archived from the original on 2012-03-29. Retrieved 2012-01-17.
- ^ "Militant Is Sentenced In Wells Fargo Theft". nytimes.com. 1992-07-02. Retrieved 2012-01-17.
- ^ "Puerto Rico", peopleslawoffice.com; accessed June 10, 2020.
- ^ "Eleven Puerto Rican nationalists Freed from Prison". CNN. 1999-09-10. Retrieved 2012-01-17.
- ^ "Commutations, Remissions, and Reprieves Granted by President William J. Clinton (1993-2001)". www.justice.gov. January 12, 2015.
- ^ John, Broder. "12 Imprisoned Puerto Ricans Accept Clemency Conditions". AP. Retrieved 2015-02-15.
- ^ Laura Rivera Melendez, Hundreds Greet Nationalist Freed After 19 Years In Prison. Archived 2012-03-29 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ United Nations General Assembly. Special Committee on Decolonization Approves Text Calling on United States to Expedite Puerto Rican Self-determination Process: Draft Resolution Urges Probe of Pro-Independence Leader's Killing, Human Rights Abuses; Calls for Clean-up, Decontamination of Vieques. June 12, 2006.(GA/COL/3138/Rev.1*). Department of Public Information, News and Media Division, New York. Special Committee on Decolonization, 8th & 9th Meetings (issued June 13, 2006). Archived.
