Jonas Mukamba Kadiata Nzemba (born January 4, 1931) is a politician from the Democratic Republic of the Congo and former CEO of the state-run diamond company. Between August 1965 and October 1968 he was governor in turn of South Kasai, Kasaï-Oriental, Équateur and Orientale Province. He was again governor of Équateur Province between 27 August 1980 and 19 March 1983.[1]
Jonas Mukamba Kadiata Nzemba | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Governor of Sud-Kasaï Province | |
| In office August 1965 – 25 April 1966 | |
| Preceded by | Joseph Ngalula |
| Succeeded by | . |
| Governor of Kasaï Oriental Province | |
| In office 25 April 1966 – 3 January 1967 | |
| Preceded by | . |
| Succeeded by | Henri-Désiré Takizala |
| Governor of Équateur Province | |
| In office 3 January 1967 – 9 August 1968 | |
| Preceded by | Léon Engulu |
| Succeeded by | Denis Paluku |
| Governor of Orientale Province | |
| In office 9 August 1968 – 19 October 1968 | |
| Preceded by | Michel Denge |
| Succeeded by | Anaclet Kaniki |
| Governor of Équateur Province | |
| In office 27 August 1980 – 19 March 1983 | |
| Preceded by | Mpambia Musanga Bekaja |
| Succeeded by | Kititwa Tumansi Benga Tundu |
| Personal details | |
| Born | January 4, 1931 |
Biography
editMIBA
editZaire's president Mobutu Sese Seko appointed Nzemba the chief executive officer of the state's main diamond mining company, the Societé minière de Bakwanga (MIBA) in 1986. Based in the city of Mbuji-Mayi, formerly Bakwanga, the company provided as much as 80 percent of the world's industrial diamonds, but other than mining operations which provided much-needed hard currency, the region was widely neglected by Mobutu and the central government. Throughout the 1980s and 1990s, Zaire and Mobutu paid little attention to Mbuji-Mayi, offering almost no money to build roads, schools or hospitals.
In the political vacuum, MIBA, stepped in. In the place of the federal government, MIBA invested heavily in the region - repairing roads, paying soldiers and supplying water and electricity to the city from its own power station. The company set up a social fund of $5 to $6 million a year, or roughly 8 percent of its annual budget. This money not only went for infrastructure repair, but also to fund a new university.[2]
These investments and position as largest employer made Nzemba one of the most powerful men in the region, and de facto governor of Mbuji-Mayi. Nzemba was considered one of the more powerful players in Mobutu's political party, the Mouvement Populaire pour le Revolution (MPR), but also called himself a "brother" of Étienne Tshisekedi, a popular local political figure and Mobutu's most significant political opposition.[3]
During his time as head of MIBA, Nzemba is credited with creating the Conference pour le Developpement Economique de Kasai Oriental (CDEKO), a regional economic development group in the early 1990s.[4] Nzemba also backed the creation of the University of Kasai, which was jointly sponsored by MIBA and the local Catholic church, and which became the home base of CDEKO. The new organization spearheaded economic growth in Mbuji-Mayi, helping support the development of new agricultural and beer industry expansion around the city, and launched Wetrafa, a locally owned airline.[3]
But, Mobutu's willingness to let Nzemba control the province through MIBA came at a price - Nzemba may have skimmed as much as $1.5 to $2 million a month to send to Mobutu's personal bank accounts.[5]
As the First Congo War broke out, Nzemba initially sided with Mobutu against the rebels led by Laurent-Désiré Kabila, but as Kabila's Alliance of Democratic Forces for the Liberation of Congo-Zaire (AFDL or ADFLC) approached the city, Nzemba quickly switched sides. Nzemba declared that he was ready to work with AFDL a week before the fall of Mbuji-Mayi.[6]
When the city fell to the rebels on April 4, 1997, Nzemba was summoned to Goma to speak with Kabila, who held him for several days, prompting his family to purchase advertising in newspapers publicizing their concerns for his safety.[7] Nzemba was released shortly after, but MIBA began making "voluntary contributions" to Kabila's war effort - totaling an estimated $5.5 million in 1997 and 1998.[8]
Post Civil War
editHe ran for president in the 2006 presidential election.
References
edit- ^ "Congo (Kinshasa) Provinces", Rulers.org, retrieved 2020-08-05
- ^ "The diamond city". The Economist. London. 15 March 1997. pp. 42–43.
- ^ a b United Nations Department of Humanitarian Affairs Integrated Regional Information Network for the Great Lakes (21 March 1997). "Zaire: IRIN Briefing Part VI: Kasai, 3/21/97". University of Pennsylvania - African Studies Center. Retrieved 1 June 2011.
- ^ "Who's Who No. 129 - Jonas M. Kadiata Nzemba". Africa Mining Intelligence. Indigo Publications. 29 March 2006. Retrieved 1 June 2011.
- ^ Wrong, Michela (2002), "5", In the Footsteps of Mr. Kurtz: Living on the Brink of Disaster in Mobutu's Congo, HarperCollins, ISBN 0-06-093443-3
- ^ Prunier, Gérard (2009). Africa's World War: Congo, the Rwandan genocide, and the making of a continental catastrophe. Oxford: Oxford University Press. p. 134. ISBN 978-0-19-975420-5.
- ^ United Nations Integrated Regional Information Networks (17 April 1997). "IRIN Emergency Update No.152 on the Great Lakes". Archived from the original on 19 October 2011.
- ^ Misser, F (2000). "Democratic Republic of the Congo: Kabila turns diamonds to dust". African Business. London: IC Publications. pp. 31–32. Archived from the original on 2012-06-14. Retrieved 2011-06-02.