John Lamb (1735–1800) was an American soldier, politician, and Anti-Federalist organizer (particularly in New York state). During the American Revolutionary War he led the 2nd Continental Artillery Regiment.
John Lamb | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Collector of the Port of New York | |
| In office 1784–1797 | |
| Appointed by | Congress of the Confederation |
| President | George Washington |
| Preceded by | Office established |
| Succeeded by | Joshua Sands |
| Personal details | |
| Born | John Lamb January 1, 1735 New York City, Province of New York, British America |
| Died | May 31, 1800 (aged 65) |
| Parent | Anthony Lamb (Father) |
| Military service | |
| Allegiance |  United States |
| Branch/service |  Continental Army United States Army |
| Years of service | 1775-1783 |
| Rank |  Brigadier General |
| Battles/wars | American Revolutionary War • Battle of Quebec |
Career
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He was born January 1, 1735, in New York City, the son of Anthony Lamb. His father was a convicted burglar who was transported to the colonies in the 1720s. John was initially trained as an optician and instrument maker in New York City and became a prosperous wine merchant.
Prior to the Revolutionary War, Lamb was a leading member of the Sons of Liberty.[1] He wrote articles in and published anonymous handbills. When the news of the Battles of Lexington and Concord was received he and his men seized the military stores at Turtle Bay.
He was commissioned a captain of an artillery company and served under Richard Montgomery and Benedict Arnold in the Battle of Quebec. He was wounded and captured at the assault on Quebec city and was released on parole a few months later. He was appointed major of artillery on January 9, 1776. In January 1777 he was appointed colonel of the 2nd Continental Artillery Regiment. He commanded the artillery at West Point, New York in 1779[2] and 1780.[3]
During the campaign and Siege of Yorktown, Lamb continued to command the 2nd Regiment. A monthly strength report from September 26, 1781, showed 200 officers and men under Lamb's command.[4] On October 9, Lamb was the Officer of the Day when General Washington fired the first American cannon to open the siege. During the siege, the artillery served with distinction.
The artillery detachment, and Lamb's artillery in particular, were accorded high praise by both Washington and General Henry Knox, chief of artillery for the Continental Army. A General Order from the Commander-in-Chief relayed his thanks and appreciation to Lamb's artillery unit.
After the British surrender, Lamb was placed in temporary command of all the artillery, and oversaw its return to New York.
He was breveted a brigadier general on September 30, 1783.
In 1784 he was appointed Collector of Customs by the State of New York, and was retained as Federal Collector of the Port of New York during the Washington administration. His next role involved dealing with the ongoing threat of Barbary pirates to American commerce.[5]
He was dismissed by President John Adams in 1797 after his deputy was accused of defrauding the Federal government of tax revenues.
Anti-Federalism
editDuring the 1787-1788 debates over the ratification of the proposed United States Constitution, Lamb was a prominent Anti-Federalist. He served as chairman of the Federal Republican Committee of New York, which operated to distribute Anti-Federalist writing and coordinate opposition to the Constitution with Anti-Federalists in other states. Between the fall of 1787 and June 1788 Lamb spread Anti-Federalist pamphlets through New York and New England and as far away as South Carolina; his correspondents included Joshua Atherton, Aedanus Burke, Patrick Henry, Richard Henry Lee, and other prominent Anti-Federalists.[6]
He died in poverty May 31, 1800.
See also
edit- William Goddard — Associate of Lamb during the postal campaign of 1774
References
edit- ^ Main, 235.
- ^ "To George Washington from Colonel John Lamb, 28 March 1779".
- ^ "George Washington Papers, Series 4, General Correspondence: John Lamb to Benedict Arnold, August 16, 1780". Library of Congress.
- ^ Selig, 68
- ^ "The American Peace Commissioners to John Lamb 29 Jun, 1786".
- ^ Leake,Isaac (February 2009). Memoir of the Life and Times of General John Lamb. Applewood Books. ISBN 9781429017527.
Further reading
edit- Fish, Carl Russell. The Civil Service and the Patronage. New York: Longmans, Green, and Co., 1905.
- Main, Jackson Turner. The Antifederalists: Critics of the Constitution, 1781-1788. Chapel Hill: The University of North Carolina Press. 1961.
- Selig, Robert A. (2003). The Washington-Rochambeau Revolutionary Route in the State of Delaware, 1781-1783 (PDF). Dover, Del.: State of Delaware. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2012-04-06. Retrieved 2011-12-13.
- Wood, Gordon S. "The Authorship of the Letters from the Federal Farmer." The William and Mary Quarterly, 3rd series, 31 (1974): 299–308.
- Leake, Isaac Q. Memoir of the Life and Times of General John Lamb. Albany, 1857.