John Blair (c. 1849 – 13 October 1934) was a Scottish painter, predominantly of watercolour landscapes.[1] Of humble beginnings in Berwickshire, he moved to Edinburgh to study and spent the rest of his life there. His paintings mainly reflect the landscapes around him, both of urban settings and also of the castles, sea and lochs of the Borders, although he also painted figures and still lifes. As well as his original work, his paintings were viewed by a wide audience in the form of picture postcards, book endpapers and illustrations.
John Blair | |
|---|---|
| Born | c.1849 |
| Died | 13 October 1934 |
| Resting place | Liberton Cemetery, Edinburgh |
| Nationality | Scottish |
| Education | Trustees' Academy |
| Known for | Painting |
Life and career
editBlair was born in the Berwickshire village of Hutton, in about 1849.[2] His family background would not seem to have favoured his choice of career, which suggests a certain degree of ability in order to make it succeed, nor perhaps predicted him leaving an estate of £3418 4s 6d on his death in 1934.[3] His father's occupation is listed on various census records/official documents as "agricultural labourer", "salmon fisher" and "gardener".[2][4][5] His parents Alexander and Elisabeth Blair (née Allan), together with their family of 5 children, moved around the area; the census recorded them in Hutton in 1851 and in Coldstream in 1861.[2][4]
Somewhere in this period, Blair attended the nearby Sunnyside school at Milne Graden, and it is there that local landowner David Milne-Home befriended him.[6] This resulted in Milne-Home arranging for Blair to train at the Trustees Academy School of Art (a forerunner of Edinburgh College of Art), where Blair studied under Charles Hodder.[1]
By 1871 Blair had left home for South Leith, where he lodged with Francis and Clementina Brown at 8 Primrose Street, giving his occupation as "art student".[7]
He first exhibited in the Annual Exhibition of the Royal Scottish Academy in 1870, with paintings entitled "Newhaven", "Fawside Castle, Edinburgh" and "Bait gatherers". He went on to exhibit some 83 paintings in the RSA Annual Exhibitions until 1920.[8]
He is also said to have exhibited at the Dudley Gallery (London), Glasgow Institute of Fine Art, Walker Art Gallery, Manchester City Art Gallery, Royal Hiberian Academy, The Royal Institute of Painters in Water Colours and the Berwick Arts Club, and was a member of the Society of Scottish Artists.[9]
Whilst a student, Blair was awarded several medals of national standing – in 1870 The Scotsman referred to “the silver medal, gained by Mr John Blair in the male school” as one of the 20 silver medals awarded that year across the 103 Government schools.[10] Then in 1872 the Berwickshire News reported that Blair had been awarded both a gold and a silver medal: "We understand that the Edinburgh Schools of Arts for young men has this year been successful….. in the national competition of students recently held at London. The gold medal was awarded to John Blair, a native of Paxton, for the best shaded study of an antique figure, also a silver medal for a study in water colour. This is the third silver medal taken by him, and the only instance in the Edinburgh School in which a student has carried off a gold and silver medal in the same year."[11]
By the 1881 census he titled himself "artist landscape" and was living in Leith.[12]
Blair married his wife Margaret Hume in 1899, with their respective ages 48 and 39.[5] They lived for some time at 37 Argyle Place, Morningside where Blair stated his profession as "landscape artist" and "Painter (artist)".[13][14] His obituary in the Berwickshire News[15] stated that his "failing health in late years prevented him using the brush" and this may well explain why he no longer has any paintings exhibited at the Royal Scottish Academy after 1920.
He died on 13 October 1934 at his home, 121 Dalkeith Road, Edinburgh, of "Cerebral haemorrhage 2 days" and "Senility", at the age of 84 years.[16] His funeral, according to The Berwickshire News, was conducted by the Rev. W. Roy Sanderson, St Giles Cathedral, and he was buried in Liberton Cemetery, Edinburgh.[1] In addition to family members, one of his pall-bearers was the artist Hector Chalmers RSA.
Works
editIllustrations and picture postcards
edit
There are numerous works by Blair which continue to come up in auction sales. In addition, his works were used to illustrate a number of publications, and over 80 of them[17] appear as Tuck's Post Cards (Raphael Tuck & Sons). Known publications in which Blair's illustrations were used:
- The Birds of Berwickshire Volume 1 by George Muirhead.[18]
- The Birds of Berwickshire Volume 2 by George Muirhead.[19]
- A Summer in Skye by Alexander Smith.[20]
- Poems of Wordsworth, Nimmo's Clyde Classics series.[21]
- Coloured endpapers for:
- Favourite essays of Emerson[22]
- Poems of love by Ella Wheeler Wilcox.[23]
- Poems of Matthew Arnold[24]
- Selected poems and songs of Burns[25]
- Songs and ballads of Scott[26] 1911
Museum collections
editA few of his works are to be found in museum collections, as follows:
- Minneapolis Institute of Art – Ben Venue and the Trossachs.
- Trinity House, Leith – Portrait in oil of Edward Brown (d. 1801) copied from a watercolour by Daniel Orme.
- Museum of New Zealand – Edinburgh from Samson's Ribbs.
- Stirling Smith Art Gallery and Museum – Stirling Castle from Bannockburn.
- Sunderland Museum and Winter Gardens – The Tweed above Norham Castle, Northumberland.
- Edinburgh Librairies and Museums and Galleries - Advocate's Close.
In addition, Edinburgh Libraries mounted an exhibition in February 2020 of 13 lithographs of Edinburgh and Midlothian taken from watercolours of John Blair. The original exhibition of watercolours was held in 1892 at the gallery of Aitken, Dott and Sons in Castle Street, Edinburgh. The Berwickshire News carried a review which noted that "Mr Blair’s work is really most successful; a labour of love, its results are as valuable from the purely artistic as from the historical point of view; and the care which he has taken to select typical and striking points of view renders the value of the collection to the future historian of Edinburgh very great".[27]
Royal Scottish Academy Annual Exhibitions
editThe following works by Blair were exhibited at Annual Exhibitions of the Royal Scottish Academy between 1870 and 1920.[8]
| Year | RSA Catalogue Number | Description |
|---|---|---|
| 1870 | 177 | Newhaven |
| 181 | Fawside Castle, Edinburgh in the distance | |
| 242 | Bait gatherers | |
| 1871 | 941 | Peace and plenty |
| 944 | The Calton Hill from Lochend Road, Leith | |
| 1006 | Study from still life, fruit, etc. | |
| 1051 | A dead sparrow | |
| 1093 | Study of a bird's nest, etc. – from nature | |
| 1872 | 775 | Old shed at Cramond – sketch |
| 846 | On the Esk at Dalkeith | |
| 875 | Still life – study | |
| 121 | Princes St, Edinburgh | |
| 1873 | 761 | Village of Old Ladykirk, Berwickshire |
| 926 | A quiet nook near Ladykirk, Berwickshire | |
| 980 | Study in still life | |
| 1874 | 771 | Old bridge, Berwick-on-Tweed |
| 934 | Melrose Abbey | |
| 948 | Greens Harbour, Berwick-on-Tweed | |
| 993 | On the Tweed, near Melrose | |
| 1875 | 802 | Melrose Abbey from the east |
| 988 | Archway in Melrose Abbey | |
| 1876 | 64 | A country byre |
| 174 | Taking a rest | |
| 528 | After dinner | |
| 1877 | 737 | Tibbie's Bible |
| 796 | A country burnside | |
| 893 | The reaper's dinner | |
| 1878 | 149 | The sculptor |
| 330 | A November morning | |
| 534 | The ploughman's bairns | |
| 1879 | 37 | Preparing for sport |
| 302 | A turnip field | |
| 356 | Early winter | |
| 562 | Reapers at work | |
| 1880 | 274 | Summer |
| 444 | Autumn morning – after rain | |
| 544 | Breakfast time | |
| 636 | Tyne | |
| 756 | The country postman | |
| 1881 | 363 | Honeysuckle |
| 393 | A quiet nook | |
| 1882 | 80 | Study of cattle |
| 143 | The mother's lesson | |
| 636 | Grandfather's pet | |
| 775 | Edge of the wood | |
| 1883 | 92 | A deaf old man |
| 210 | The old fiddler | |
| 1029 | Salmon fishers mending nets, on the Tweed | |
| 1077 | The ploughman's orra time | |
| 1884 | 915 | A visit to the henhouse |
| 917 | A country cobbler | |
| 929 | Village of Heul, near Rotterdam | |
| 1885 | 112 | "The rain it raineth every day With heigh ho the wind and the rain" |
| 123 | The quiet of evening | |
| 289 | The old fiddler | |
| 387 | The Sunday reading | |
| 439 | Sorting the hooks | |
| 588 | The village of Horndean – rainy effect | |
| 621 | Gathering brushwood | |
| 752 | Resting in the shade | |
| 798 | The Pease Glen – moonlight | |
| 890 | Playmates | |
| 1885 | 689 | Snow in autumn |
| 924 | The little boat builders | |
| 995 | The Bible lesson | |
| 1886 | 689 | His morning chapter |
| 1025 | The bramble gatherer | |
| 1141 | Dinner time | |
| 1887 | 637 | "I've seen Tweed's silver streams glittering in the sunny beams..." |
| 110 | Waiting to be shod | |
| 190 | Noonday | |
| 275 | Jubilee illuminations – Edinburgh from the Calton Hill | |
| 620 | Jubilee bonfire on Arthur's Seat | |
| 713 | Pen & ink drawings for vignettes to Birds of Berwickshire by George Muirhead | |
| 801 | Pen & ink drawings for vignettes to Birds of Berwickshire by George Muirhead | |
| 1888 | 695 | The Tweed at Fishwick |
| 910 | The heat of the day | |
| 1889 | 394 | The Tweed |
| 835 | Wind and rain | |
| 960 | Grannie's lesson | |
| 1890 | 412 | The pedlar |
| 472 | At Brig o' Turk | |
| 560 | In Glenfinlas | |
| 1892 | 662 | St Abbs village, Berwickshire coast |
| 1893 | ? | Interior at Lauder – study |
| 1894 | 457 | On the canal at Aston, Staffordshire |
| 1895 | 519 | Gipsies – bird catching |
| 1896 | 597 | East coast fisherman |
| 1897 | 579 | On the Fife coast |
| 605 | Stormy weather, St Monance | |
| 660 | The Ochils, near Dollar | |
| 1898 | 648 | St Monance |
| 786 | At Brig o' Turk | |
| 1899 | 608 | Sunday by the sea – St Monance |
| 1900 | 742 | Stormy weather, Crail |
| 1901 | 2 | On the Tweed near Norham |
| 692 | The coming storm, St Abbs | |
| 1903 | 116 | Eyemouth – squally weather |
| 1904 | 125 | The South Queich, Kinross |
| 134 | Loch Leven | |
| 1905 | 113 | In Strathearn |
| 1907 | 24 | On the Fife coast |
| 54 | Kinnoul Hill | |
| 1908 | 38 | The boats at Ferryden |
| 49 | The Grampians from Seck Bridge | |
| 1909 | 20 | Largo Bay |
| 94 | Lundin Links | |
| 1910 | 83 | Near Montrose |
| 88 | Flodden Field | |
| 1912 | 395 | At Drommochty |
| 1913 | 295 | Changing pasture |
| 298 | Haymaking, Brig o' Turk | |
| 1915 | 471 | The Pentlands from Duddingstone |
| 1916 | 503 | Milne's Court, Lawnmarket |
| 1917 | 467 | Valley of the Tay, near Dunkeld |
| 1918 | 497 | On the Fife coast |
| 621 | Harvesting on the Borders | |
| 1919 | 616 | On the Whitadder |
| 695 | Near Berwick | |
| 1920 | 665 | At Whitsome, Berwickshire |
References
edit- ^ a b c "Scottish Artist". The Scotsman. 15 October 1934.
- ^ a b c "1851 census". 30 March 1851.
- ^ "Scotland National Probate Index". 17 November 1934.
- ^ a b "1861 census". 7 April 1861.
- ^ a b "Marriage Certificate". 27 June 1899.
- ^ "Art Exhibition". Berwick Advertiser. 14 November 1873.
- ^ "1871 census". 2 April 1871.
- ^ a b Baile de la Perriere, Charles (1991). The Royal Scottish Academy Exhibitors 1826-1990 Volume 1. Hilmarton Manor Press. pp. 135–137.
- ^ "The Society of Scottish Artists". The Edinburgh News. 30 September 1905.
- ^ "The Edinburgh School of Art; Distribution of Prizes". The Scotsman. 14 February 1870.
- ^ "Paxton". Berwickshire News. 30 July 1872.
- ^ "1881 census". 3 April 1881.
- ^ "1901 census". 31 March 1901.
- ^ "1911 census". 2 April 1911.
- ^ "Funeral of Mr J Blair". The Berwickshire News. 23 October 1934.
- ^ "Death Certificate". 13 October 1934.
- ^ "Postcard Search - TuckDB Postcards". tuckdbpostcards.org. Retrieved 23 January 2021.
- ^ Muirhead, George (1889). The Birds of Berwickshire: With Remarks on Their Local Distribution Migration, and Habits, and Also on the Folk-lore, Proverbs, Popular Rhymes and Sayings Connected with Them. D. Douglas.
- ^ Muirhead, George (1895). The Birds of Berwickshire Volume 2. Edinburgh: David Douglas.
- ^ Smith, Alexander (1912). A Summer in Skye. Edinburgh: W P Nimmo, Hay & Mitchell.
- ^ Wordsworth, William (c. 1911). Poems of Wordsworth, Nimmo's Clyde Classics. Edinburgh: Nimmo, Hay & Mitchell.
- ^ Emerson, Ralph Waldo. Favourite Essays of Emerson. Edinburgh: W P Nimmo, Hay & Mitchell Ltd.
- ^ Wheeler Wilcox, Ella (1915). Poems of Love. Edinburgh: Nimmo, Hay & Mitchell.
- ^ Arnold, Matthew (1911). Poems of Matthew Arnold. Edinburgh: Nimmo, Hay & Mitchell.
- ^ Burns, Robert (1930). Selected poems and songs of Burns. Edinburgh: Nimmo, Hay & Mitchell.
- ^ Scott, Walter (1911). Songs and ballads of Scott. Edinburgh: Nimmo, Hay & Mitchell.
- ^ "A Borderer's Success in Edinburgh". The Berwickshire News. 24 May 1892.
Further reading
edit- Peter J. M. McEwan, Dictionary of Scottish Art and Architecture, Glengarden Press, Ballater, 2004.[1]