Johann Heinrich Ziegler (6 December 1857 in Winterthur – 30 January 1936 in Zurich) was a Swiss dye chemist and natural philosopher.[1]
Life
editJohann Heinrich Ziegler was born as the son of the manufacturer Emil Ziegler. He studied chemistry and received his doctorate in 1883 in Erlangen, with his dissertation Ueber Derivate des Beta-Naphthylamins (on derivatives of beta-naphthylamine), under the later Nobel Prize winner Emil Fischer.[2]
In 1884, Ziegler developed the yellow azo dye tartrazine in the laboratories of the Bindschedler'sche Fabrik fürchemische Industrie in Basel (CIBA). This was patented and produced in Germany by BASF in 1885 (DRP 34294). The process was first presented in 1887 in Chemische Berichte, the journal of the German Chemical Society.[3] Although the structure proposed by Ziegler was not confirmed, he was able to develop an alternative synthesis of tartrazine based on the idea that a hydrazone is the tautomeric form of an azo compound (azo-hydrazo tautomerism). This production process was patented in 1893 (British Patent 5693).[1][4] Tartrazine was initially used as a lightfast wool dye and later as a food coloring.
Ziegler worked for several years as a color chemist in Basel and ran a company in Höngg before he became a private scientist at the turn of the century, searching for a universal formula.[1]
In 1901, Ziegler first presented his so-called primordial light theory, based on the constant speed of the immaterial primordial light in etherless space.[5] From this theory, he developed what he considered to be a universal world formula, with which he believed he had solved the relationship between light and matter, color and chemical constitution.[6] However, this was not recognized by science. Ziegler raised accusations of plagiarism against Albert Einstein's theory of relativity, which he later fiercely opposed,[7] as well as against the color theory of the chemist and Nobel Prize winner Wilhelm Ostwald.[2]
Ziegler became a member of the Natural Science Society in Zurich in 1921.[1]
Publications
edit- Die wahre Einheit von Religion und Wissenschaft, 1. Auflage (The true unity of religion and science, 1st edition), Orell Füssli, Zürich 1905, including 4 essays:
- Über den eigentlichen Begriff der Natur (On the actual concept of nature)
- Über das wahre Wesen der sog. Schwerkraft (On the true nature of so-called gravity)
- Über das wahre System der chemischen Elemente (On the true system of chemical elements)
- Über den Sonnengott von Sippar (About the Sun God of Sippar)
- Die wahre Ursache der hellen Lichtstrahlung des Radiums. 2. Auflage (The true cause of the bright light radiation of radium. 2nd edition), Orell Füssli, Zürich 1905, 54 pages, OCLC 72399323.
- Das Ding an sich und das Ende der sogenannten Relativitätstheorie (The thing in itself and the end of the so-called theory of relativity). Weltformel-Verlag, Zürich 1923, 32 pages, OCLC 249974059.
References
edit- ^ a b c d H.E. Fierz (1936), Hans Schinz (ed.), "Johann Heinrich Ziegler (1857-1936)" [Quarterly Journal of the Natural Science Society in Zurich] (PDF), Vierteljahresschrift der Naturforschenden Gesellschaft in Zürich, vol. 83. Jahrgang, Heft 3 und 4, Zürich, pp. 313–314
- ^ a b Renko Geffarth (2013), Monika Neugebauer-Wölk, Renko Geffarth, Markus Meumann (ed.), "Äther, Urlicht, Relativität. Weltformel und 'wahre Erkenntnis' um 1900" [Ether, primordial light, relativity. World formula and 'true knowledge' around 1900], Aufklärung und Esoterik: Wege in die Moderne, Hallesche Beiträge zur Europäischen Aufklärung, 50, Berlin, Boston: De Gruyter, pp. 440–460, doi:10.1515/9783110297836.440, ISBN 978-3-11-029778-2
{{citation}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: editors list (link) (retrieved via de Gruyter Online). - ^ Johann Heinrich Ziegler, M. Locher (1887), "Ueber die Tartrazine, eine neue Klasse von Farbstoffen" [On the tartrazines, a new class of dyes], Berichte der Deutschen Chemischen Gesellschaft, vol. 20, no. 1, pp. 834–840, doi:10.1002/cber.188702001188
- ^ R. Anschütz (1897), "Ueber die Constitution des Tartrazins" [On the constitution of tartrazine], Justus Liebig's Annalen der Chemie, vol. 294, no. 2, pp. 219–243, doi:10.1002/jlac.18972940207
- ^ Milena Wazeck (2005-06-20), Wer waren Einsteins Gegner? [Who were Einstein's opponents?] (PDF), Aus Politik und Zeitgeschichte, 25–26, Bonn: Bundeszentrale für politische Bildung, p. 21
- ^ Milena Wazeck (2009), Einsteins Gegner: Die öffentliche Kontroverse um die Relativitätstheorie in den 1920er Jahren [Einstein's opponents. The public controversy about the theory of relativity in the 1920s], Frankfurt, New York: Campus Verlag, p. 260, ISBN 978-3-593-38914-1
- ^ Klaus Hentschel (1990), Interpretationen und Fehlinterpretationen der speziellen und der allgemeinen Relativitätstheorie durch Zeitgenossen Albert Einsteins [Interpretations and misinterpretations of the special and general theory of relativity by Albert Einstein's contemporaries] (PDF) (Dissertation), Basel, Boston, Berlin: Birkhäuser Verlag, pp. 85–86, ISBN 3-7643-2438-4,
Der gesunde Menschenverstand mußte sogar herhalten bei der Begründung der obskuren »Urlichtlehre« des Dr. phil Johann Heinrich Ziegler, der 1923 fand, es sei höchste Zeit, dem »modernen, schwindelhaften und unmoralischen Relativitätsdusel« Einhalt zu gebieten, da »der einfache, brave gesunde Menschenversand zur Feststellung der übersinnlichen Grundlage aller Dinge vollkommen genügt.«
Zitate aus: Johann Heinrich Ziegler: Das Ding an sich und das Ende der sogenannten Relativitätstheorie. Weltformel-Verlag, Zürich 1923, S. 21, 23.