The James R. Thompson Center (JRTC), under reconstruction as Google Center or Googleplex Chicago and originally the State of Illinois Center, is a postmodern-style building designed by architect Helmut Jahn, located at 100 W. Randolph Street in the Loop district of Chicago. Designed around a post-modernist rotunda, it was built to house offices of the Illinois state government in the most populated city and county of the state and opened in 1985.[1] In 2022, state government offices were relocated nearby to less costly quarters. Internet company Google purchased the building from the state and expects to move in 2026, after two years and $280 million of renovations.[2]
| Google Center | |
|---|---|
.jpg) Front façade looking northwest. | |
    | |
| General information | |
| Architectural style | Postmodern |
| Town or city | Loop district, Chicago, Illinois |
| Country | United States |
| Coordinates | 41°53′07″N 87°37′54″W / 41.88528°N 87.63167°W |
| Completed | May 1985 |
| Client | Illinois State Government Google (2024) |
| Owner | JRTC Holdings LLC. (70%) State of Illinois (30%) |
| Technical details | |
| Floor count | 17 |
| Design and construction | |
| Architect(s) | Helmut Jahn |
History
editThe location was previously the site of the Sherman House Hotel operated by Ernie Byfield.[3] The hotel closed in 1973 and was demolished in 1980.
The building opened in May 1985 as the State of Illinois Center. It was renamed in 1993 to honor former Illinois Governor James R. Thompson. The property occupies the entire block bound by Randolph, Lake, Clark and LaSalle Streets, one of the 35 full-size city blocks within Chicago's Loop. In front of the Thompson Center was a 1984 sculpture, Monument With Standing Beast, by Jean Dubuffet.
Design
editThe Thompson Center was designed by Helmut Jahn of Murphy/Jahn now called JAHN Architects. It opened to mixed reviews by critics, ranging from "outrageous" to "wonderful". The color of the street-level panels were compared to tomato soup. The 17-story, all-glass exterior curves and slopes facing a plaza on the southeast corner of the property. The design simultaneously looks forward with advanced architectural tectonics (of the time) and back to recapture the grandeur of large public spaces. Visitors to the Thompson Center's interior can see all 17 floors layered partway around the building's immense sky-lit atrium. The open-plan offices on each floor are supposed to carry the message of "an open government in action."[4]
Originally, the design called for curved, insulated (double-paned) glass panels, but these were found to be prohibitively expensive. Flat, insulated glass had been suggested, but was dismissed by Jahn. Single-paned (non-insulated), curved glass panels were eventually used, and resulted in the need for a more expensive air conditioning system, which remains very costly to operate, and is insufficient on hot days; internal temperatures have reached as high as 90 °F (32 °C).[5] The building is also bitterly cold in the winter; in its early years, ice formed on the interior of some of the wall panels. The marble floor of the atrium initially developed unsightly water stains, an issue which has since been resolved.
Nearby transportation
editThe Clark/Lake 'L' station, the second busiest in the system, is housed between the Thompson Center and the 203 N. LaSalle building across the street. Orange, Green, Blue, Pink, Purple and Brown Line trains stop at the center. Three tunnels of the Chicago Pedway enter the building's food court-level concourse, connecting to 203 North LaSalle Street, the Chicago Title and Trust Company, and the City Hall-County Building.
Art
editThe sculpture formerly at the front entrance by French artist Jean Dubuffet[6] set the tone for the building which housed a public art collection. The collection included nineteen specially commissioned artworks funded by the State of Illinois Art-in-Architecture Program.[7] The building also had over 150 of the state's 600 works collected under the Percent for Art program. Under this program 0.5% of the money designated for construction of state-funded public buildings is used for the purchase of art.[8] The Illinois Artisan's shop was also housed inside the building.
Proposed sale
editWhen he first came to office, Illinois Governor Rod Blagojevich proposed selling the building to assuage the state budget.[9] The proposal was heavily criticized.[9] Lawmakers at first agreed to the plan,[10] but later a $200 million mortgage was agreed to instead, payable over 10 years.[11] The plan was declared unconstitutional by Illinois Attorney General Lisa Madigan in June 2004.[12] The plan was set aside, although it had already cost the state $532,000 in legal fees.[13]
In 2015, and again in 2017, Governor Bruce Rauner also proposed selling the property, and a legislative committee to explore his request was announced by Democratic House Speaker Michael Madigan in February 2017, though it was effectively a non-starter under his administration due to his two-year state budget impasse, which itself led to more deferred maintenance in regards to the Thompson Center.[14][15]
In 2016–2017, filmmaker and cultural heritage activist Nathan Eddy directed a short documentary film about Thompson Center – Starship Chicago.[16] Architect Stanley Tigerman appears in the film.[17]
In 2019, Illinois governor J. B. Pritzker signed a bill to begin the sale of the Thompson Center, with a proposed three-year timeline to find a buyer. This sparked activism from preservationists and architects concerned about the future of the building.[1] In March 2022, Pritzker announced an agreement to sell the building to JRTC Holdings. The State of Illinois was to receive an initial payment of $70 million for the purchase of the property and would still retain 425,000 square feet (39,500 m2) of office space.[18]
However, in August 2022, Pritzker announced a revised deal in which Alphabet would acquire the building for $105 million. Of this amount, $30 million would be a cash payment and the remainder would be used to purchase the Harris Bank Addition II which would be renovated to become the new home of state offices in Chicago.[19][20]
Tenants
edit- Chicago district office of the Governor of Illinois (Suite 16-100)
- Illinois Court of Claims (Suite 10-400)[21]
- Illinois House Republican Staff (Suite 16-700)[22]
- Illinois State Board of Education (Suite 14-300)[23]
- Chicago branch of the Illinois Attorney General (Floors 11-13)
- Chicago office of the Illinois Department of Financial and Professional Regulation (Floors 5 & 9)
In popular culture
editThe Thompson Center has been a filming location in several motion pictures, including 2000's The Watcher and 1990's The Kid Who Loved Christmas. The building was a featured location in 1986's Running Scared. It also served as the exterior for Gotham Square Garden in 2022's The Batman, though interior shots were filmed at London's O2 Arena. [24]
See also
edit
References
edit- ^ a b "Thompson Center". Preservation Chicago. 4 March 2016. Retrieved 2020-01-10.
- ^ Google’s plan to take over Thompson Center a shot in the arm for downtown Chicago and for Gov. J.B. Pritzker Chicago Tribune, Dan Petrella and Brian J. Rogal, July 27, 2022
- ^ "Sherman House Hotel". WTTW. 24 October 2011. Retrieved 17 January 2015.
- ^ "Thompson Center". Chicago Architecture Center. Retrieved August 2, 2022.
- ^ Becker, Lynn. "Repeat Writings on Architecture: Helmut Jahn returns to IIT". Repeat. Retrieved 2 August 2022.
- ^ "Pictorial Chicago". brainsnack.net. Retrieved 17 January 2015.[permanent dead link]
- ^ "Monument with Standing Beast". Retrieved 2007-06-06.
- ^ "Permanent Art Collection". Illinois Department of Central Management Services. 2007. Retrieved 2007-06-06.
- ^ a b Ramsey, Mike (2007-10-09). "Durbin cautions of gaming effects". Peoria Journal Star. Archived from the original on 2007-10-14. Retrieved 2008-11-09.
- ^ Patterson, John (2003-11-21). "A Thompson Center teardown? Potential buyers of office center in Chicago want to demolish the building". Daily Herald. Arlington Heights. Retrieved 2008-11-09.
- ^ "Senate GOP leader criticizes mortgaging of Thompson Center". Chicago Sun-Times. 2004-02-14. Archived from the original on 2012-10-22. Retrieved 2008-11-09.
- ^ "Illinois Governor Attacks Attorney General over Objection to Center Mortgage". Chicago Tribune. 2004-06-04. Archived from the original on 2012-10-22. Retrieved 2008-11-09.
- ^ McKinney, Dave; Chris Fusco (2004-08-27). "Thompson Center plan cost state $532,000: Blagojevich has no regrets about failed mortgage effort". Chicago Sun-Times. Archived from the original on 2012-10-22. Retrieved 2008-11-09.
- ^ "Gov. Rauner Puts Thompson Center Up for Sale". Chicago Tonight. 2017-08-21. Retrieved 2017-11-18.
- ^ [1][dead link]
- ^ "Movie protests demolition of Helmut Jahn's Thompson Center in Chicago". Dezeen. 2017-11-09. Retrieved 2022-06-22.
- ^ ""Starship Chicago," a Documentary on Helmut Jahn's Controversial Thompson Center, Is Free to Watch Online". Metropolis. Retrieved 2022-06-22.
- ^ "State reaches agreement to sell Thompson Center downtown". Daily Herald. 2022-03-31. Retrieved 2022-03-31.
- ^ Rostan, Tim. "Google parent Alphabet buying massive downtown Chicago building from state of Illinois". MarketWatch. Retrieved 2022-07-27.
- ^ Kostek, Jackie; Odigwe, Mugo; Feurer, Todd (July 27, 2022). "New Thompson Center owners lure Google as tenant". WBBM News. Retrieved August 2, 2022.
- ^ Home page. Illinois Court of Claims. Retrieved on March 26, 2014.
- ^ Home page[permanent dead link]. Illinois House Republican Staff.
- ^ Home page Archived 2014-02-09 at the Wayback Machine. Illinois State Board of Education. Retrieved on March 23, 2009.
- ^ "Where was The Batman filmed? ALL the Filming Locations in Chicago & The UK". Atlas of Wonders. Retrieved 2022-06-01.