James Arthur Hedges (May 10, 1938 – March 4, 2024) was an American politician who served as the tax assessor for Thompson Township, Pennsylvania and as the Prohibition Party's 2016 presidential nominee. He was the only member of the Prohibition Party to be elected to public office in the 21st century, and the first since 1959.
James Hedges | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Tax Assessor for Thompson Township, Fulton County, Pennsylvania | |
| In office 2002–2010 | |
| Personal details | |
| Born | James Arthur Hedges May 10, 1938 Iowa City, Iowa, U.S. |
| Died | March 4, 2024 (aged 85) Hagerstown, Maryland, U.S. |
| Political party | Prohibition |
| Spouse | Carolyn Dick |
| Education | University of Iowa (B.A.) University of Maryland (M.A.) |
| Military service | |
| Allegiance | United States of America |
| Branch/service | United States Marine Corps |
| Unit | United States Marine Band |
Early life
editJames Arthur Hedges was born in Iowa City, Iowa, on May 10, 1938, to Robert Hedges and Margaret Ayres.[1] His parents were teetotallers for religious reasons.[2] He became interested in the Prohibition Party while in high school after reading an article in a newspaper.[3]
Hedges graduated from Citi High School in 1956, the University of Iowa with a bachelor's degree in music in 1960, and the University of Maryland with a master's degree in geography in 1972. He played the tuba in the United States Marine Band from 1960 to 1980. On June 16, 1990, he married Carolyn Dick in Hancock, Maryland.[1][4] Hedges constructed his own house in Fulton County, Pennsylvania, and worked in the printing industry, including operating Camel Press.[1]
Career
editFrom 1972 to 1983, Hedges served as the editor of the National Speleological Society Bulletin. He later became a reporter and environmental columnist for area weekly newspapers and was appointed Fulton County's first Recycling Coordinator.[5][6]
In 1980, Hedges retired from the military and became more active in the Prohibition Party.[7] In 2005, he was selected as the Secretary of the Partisan Prohibition Historical Society.[8] Hedges also published the party's printed newsletter.[9]
Tax assessor
editIn 2001, Hedges secured the nominations of the Republican and Democratic parties through a write-in campaign; thus, he appeared as the only candidate for Tax Assessor in Thompson Township. He became the first official elected in a partisan election from the Prohibition Party since two members of the Winona Lake, Indiana, city council were elected in 1959. Hedges was reelected in 2005, and served until the office was abolished by the Pennsylvania General Assembly in 2007.[10][11][12]
2004 presidential election
editPrior to the 2004 presidential election, Hedges was involved in a schism within the party stemming from alleged misuse of funds and mismanagement by Earl Dodge, the party's longtime face. Notably, Hedges and others claimed that Dodge sold the party's headquarters for $119,500 in 1999 with intent to build on his own property, but that Dodge instead kept the money for himself and moved the headquarters to a tool shed. Dodge countered by saying that he placed the funds in a separate party account, and argued that Hedges and others who had put forth the allegations were simply disgruntled with their position in the party. Hedges and his faction formed the Concerns of the People Party to counter Dodge, and nominated Gene Amondson for president. Both Dodge and Hedges claimed their parties were the legitimate Prohibition Party.[4][13] The split came to an end in 2007 after Dodge's death, and the reunified party again nominated Amondson for president for the 2008 election.[14]
Presidential campaigns
edit
Hedges announced on February 18, 2010, that he intended to run for the party's presidential nomination for the 2012 election.[15] Hedges lost the nomination to retired engineer Jack Fellure at the national Convention in Cullman, Alabama, on June 22, 2011.[16]
Hedges received the Prohibition presidential nomination for the 2016 election during a nominating convention held via conference call on July 31, 2015.[9] Hedges was a contestant in the American Independent Party primary in California where received 10.56% and carried Lake County.[17]
Hedges appeared on the ballot in Arkansas, Colorado, and Mississippi and received 5,617 votes.[18][19][20] He was the first Prohibitionist presidential candidate to appear on the ballot in Mississippi since 1896.[21] He had the best performance for a Prohibionist presidential nominee since 1988 and placed third in Arkansas County, Arkansas.[22]
Later life and death
editHedges was selected as the party's secretary following the 2016 election.[23] He died in Hagerstown, Maryland, on March 4, 2024, at the age of 85.[1]
Electoral history
edit| Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Prohibition | James Hedges | ||||
| Democratic | James Hedges | ||||
| Republican | James Hedges | ||||
| Total | James Hedges | 2 | 66.66% | ||
| Write-ins | Write-ins | 1 | 33.33% | ||
| Total votes | 3 | 100.00% | |||
| Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Democratic | James Hedges | ||||
| Republican | James Hedges | ||||
| Total | James Hedges | 1 | 50.00% | ||
| Write-ins | Write-ins | 1 | 50.00% | ||
| Total votes | 2 | 100.00% | |||
| Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| American Independent | Alan Spears | 8,103 | 19.18% | ||
| American Independent | Arthur Harris | 7,216 | 17.08% | ||
| American Independent | Robert Ornelas | 7,164 | 16.96% | ||
| American Independent | Wiley Drake | 5,475 | 12.96% | ||
| American Independent | J. R. Myers | 5,475 | 12.96% | ||
| American Independent | James Hedges | 4,462 | 10.56% | ||
| American Independent | Tom Hoefling | 4,345 | 10.29% | ||
| Total votes | 42,240 | 100.00% | |||
References
edit- ^ a b c d "James A. Hedges". The Herald-Mail. March 6, 2024. Archived from the original on March 7, 2024.
- ^ "James Hedges Prohibition Party candidate for President in 2016". Prohibitionists. Archived from the original on March 23, 2020.
- ^ Gabbatt, Adam (May 11, 2016). "A sobering alternative? Prohibition party back on the ticket this election". The Guardian. Retrieved April 13, 2020.
- ^ a b Warner, Joel (2004). "Want real change? Vote Prohibition". Boulder Weekly. Archived from the original on July 8, 2011.
- ^ State Award for Journal Reporter: Mercersburg (Pennsylvania) Journal, May 5, 1993, p A-7.
- ^ Recycling Column Wins Award: Fulton County (Pennsylvania) News, May 6, 1993, p. B-5.
- ^ "Party". Public Opinion. August 24, 2016. p. 4A. Archived from the original on March 8, 2024 – via Newspapers.com.
- ^ "Society". Prohibitionists.org. Partisan Prohibition Historical Society. Retrieved June 1, 2011.
- ^ a b Winger, Richard (July 31, 2015). "Prohibition Party Nominates National Ticket". Ballot Access News. Archived from the original on March 8, 2024.
- ^ Winger, Richard (December 1, 2001). "Many Minor Parties Win Elections". Ballot Access News. Archived from the original on March 8, 2024.
- ^ "Outline of History". Prohibition Party. Archived from the original on March 8, 2024.
- ^ Winger, Richard (November 25, 2005). "Two Additional Parties Won Partisan Elections on Nov. 8". Ballot Access News. Archived from the original on March 8, 2024.
- ^ Kelly, David (September 19, 2004). "Want real change? Vote Prohibition". Los Angeles Times. Archived from the original on March 8, 2024.
- ^ Ahren, Raphael (February 19, 2008). "Prohibitionists abstain from alcohol, not elections". Columbia News Service. Archived from the original on June 23, 2018.
- ^ Winger, Richard (February 20, 2010). "James Hedges Seeks Prohibition Party Presidential Nomination in 2012". Ballot Access News. Archived from the original on March 8, 2024.
- ^ "Convention". Prohibition Party. February 21, 2011. Archived from the original on June 8, 2011. Retrieved June 2, 2011.
- ^ a b Padilla 2016, p. 13; 35–37.
- ^ Winger, Richard (October 1, 2015). "Jim Hedges, Prohibition Party Nominee, is on Ballot in Arkansas". Ballot Access News. Archived from the original on March 8, 2024.
- ^ Winger, Richard (November 1, 2016). "Ballot Status For President, Including Write-In Status". Ballot Access News. Archived from the original on January 26, 2024.
- ^ "FEDERAL ELECTIONS 2016 – Election Results for the U.S. President, the U.S. Senate and the U.S. House of Representatives" (PDF). Federal Elections Commission. December 2017. Retrieved August 12, 2020.
- ^ Winger, Richard (September 9, 2016). "Eight Presidential Candidates will be on Mississippi Ballot". Ballot Access News. Archived from the original on March 8, 2024.
- ^ Winger, Richard (March 11, 2024). "Jim Hedges, Prohibition Party Leader, Dies at the Age of 85". Ballot Access News. Archived from the original on March 15, 2024.
- ^ "The Head of the Prohibition Party Doesn't Care if You Drink". Vine Pair. Archived from the original on March 23, 2020.
- ^ "Fulton County, State of Pennsylvania Municipal Election". Thompson Township, Fulton County, Pennsylvania. November 6, 2001.
- ^ "Fulton County, Pennsylvania General Election". Thompson Township, Fulton County, Pennsylvania. November 8, 2005.
Works cited
edit- Padilla, Alex, ed. (2016). June 7, 2016 Presidential Primary Election (PDF). Secretary of State of California.