James Francis Edwards, CM, DFC & Bar, DFM, CD (5 June 1921 – 14 May 2022), later known as Stocky Edwards, was a Canadian fighter pilot during World War II. With 19 confirmed aerial victories, Edwards was Canada's highest scoring ace in the Western Desert Campaign.
James Francis Edwards | |
|---|---|
 Edwards in 2009 | |
| Nickname(s) | "Eddie" during WW2 "Stocky" post-war |
| Born | 5 June 1921 Nokomis, Saskatchewan, Canada |
| Died | 14 May 2022 (aged 100) Comox, British Columbia, Canada |
| Allegiance | Canada |
| Service | Royal Canadian Air Force |
| Years of service | 1940–1972 |
| Rank | Wing Commander |
| Battles / wars | World War II |
| Awards | Member of the Order of Canada Distinguished Flying Cross & Bar Distinguished Flying Medal Mention in Despatches Canadian Forces' Decoration |
Early life
editBorn in Nokomis, Saskatchewan, Edwards grew up in Battleford, Saskatchewan. After graduating from St Thomas College in 1940 he volunteered for the Royal Canadian Air Force (RCAF).
World War II
editSergeant Edwards was posted to 94 Squadron RAF of 223 Wing in January 1942 flying the Curtiss Kittyhawk. On 23 March, he flew his first operational trip, during which he shot down his first enemy aircraft, a Messerschmitt Bf 109. In May, he was posted to No. 260 Squadron RAF, and saw intensive action for the rest of 1942. By September, he had 6 "kills" and was commissioned, jumping four grades to the rank of flight lieutenant. He was awarded a Distinguished Flying Medal and Distinguished Flying Cross by the start of 1943, by which time Edwards was a flight commander. His tour finished in May 1943, total claims made being 17 aircraft shot down and several ground kills; in fact, German records show Edwards underclaimed - 22 victories had been confirmed by German records.[1] One of Edwards' victims during the North African campaign was famous Luftwaffe experten Otto Schulz (51 victories), who was shot down by the Canadian ace on 17 June 1942.[2] On 3 September 1942, Edwards likely damaged Hans-Joachim Marseille's Bf 109 in combat. Marseille was the highest scoring pilot in North Africa, and shot down more Western Allied aircraft than any other German pilot.[3] Three days later, Edwards was the pilot who was believed to have shot down and killed Günter Steinhausen. Though Edwards claimed only a damaged enemy aircraft, it appears this is another victory for which he did not receive full credit.[4]
In November 1943, Edwards was posted to No. 417 Squadron RCAF, then No. 92 Squadron RAF, flying the Supermarine Spitfire VIII; while serving on the Italian front with 92 Squadron, he added three Focke-Wulf Fw 190s and a Bf 109 to his score, all shot down over the Anzio beachhead, three of them on a single day. At the beginning of March 1944, he was posted to the UK, flying operations over Europe with No. 274 Squadron RAF, a fighter unit equipped, at the end of Edwards' tour, with the Hawker Tempest.
After leave in Canada, Edwards returned to the Western Front, flying Spitfire XVIs as the commanding officer of 127 RCAF Wing in 1945. On 3 May, he shared in the destruction of a Junkers Ju 88, just a few days before VE Day. He finished the war with a total of 373 operational sorties without being shot down by the enemy.
According to Shores and Williams' Aces High, his final wartime score was 15 + 3 shared destroyed, with 9 more destroyed on the ground. Brown and Lavigne's Canadian Wing Commander credits him with 19 victories, 2 shared, 6.5 probable, 17 damaged and 12 destroyed on the ground. During an interview, Edwards himself specified that he had 19 confirmed victories during the war.[5] Many who flew with him have said that he only reported those "kills" he was certain of and that his real number of aerial victories was probably much higher than officially reported. Eighteen of Edwards' 19 victories, according to Brown and Lavigne, were enemy fighters (14 Bf 109s, 3 Fw 190s and one Macchi C.202).
Post-war
editEdwards stayed in the RCAF until after amalgamation and retired from the Canadian Forces in 1972 as a lieutenant colonel. In that time, he flew Vampires, Sabres and CF-100s both in Canada and overseas. Edwards was a key player in the post-war air force as his experience and leadership were used to train new pilots.
In 1983, Edwards and Michel Lavigne published a book about his wartime experiences entitled Kittyhawk pilot: Wing Commander J.F. (Stocky) Edwards.
Also in 2009, Edwards was honoured as one of the 100 most influential Canadians in aviation and had his name included with the others on the 2009 CF-18 Centennial of Flight demonstration Hornet.
Edwards died on 14 May 2022, at the age of 100.[6]
Vintage Wings of Canada
editAs part of their continued effort to honour and commemorate his achievements (along with those of all veterans), Vintage Wings of Canada has decorated their P-40N in the markings flown by "Stocky" in Africa. On 19 September 2009, Vintage Wings took him for a flight over Ottawa in this P-40 giving him a chance to fly it as well.[7]
Vintage Wings has also published stories on Stocky Edwards including the following:
Decorations
edit- Distinguished Flying Medal
- Distinguished Flying Cross (UK) and Bar
- Mentioned in Dispatches
- Canadian Forces' Decoration and Two Clasps
- Member of Order of Canada 10 December 2004
- Queen Elizabeth II Diamond Jubilee Medal March 2012[10]
- Canadian Aviation Hall of Fame member. May 2013 [11]
- Legion of Honour, France. Chevalier (Knight). 28 November 2014
References
edit- ^ Tate 2008, p. 124.
- ^ [1] [permanent dead link]
- ^ Tate 2008, p. 165. (note 20)
- ^ Heaton and Lewis 2012, p. 155.
- ^ The transcript of this interview can be found on the site of Veterans Affairs Canada.
- ^ Little, Simon (15 May 2022). "B.C.'s 'Stocky' Edwards, top Canadian ace of WWII's Western Desert campaign dies". Global News Canada. Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada. Retrieved 15 May 2022.
- ^ Airshowstuff Magazine. Sept. 2009. Pages 80-81
- ^ "Vintage Wings of Canada, Dave O'Malley". Archived from the original on 8 October 2013. Retrieved 8 June 2013.
- ^ "Vintage Wings of Canada, Dave Hadfield". Archived from the original on 8 October 2013. Retrieved 8 June 2013.
- ^ "Comox Valley Record - Comox Valley men receive Diamond Jubilee Medals - Mobile Edition". Archived from the original on 3 May 2012. Retrieved 20 July 2012.
- ^ Canada Aviation Hall of Fame, "Canada's Aviation Hall of Fame - Wetaskiwin, Alberta - CAHF". Archived from the original on 29 September 2013. Retrieved 8 June 2013., Members List
- Ralph, Wayne (2005). Aces, warriors and wingmen: the firsthand accounts of Canada's fighter pilots in the Second World War. John Wiley & Sons Canada Ltd.. ISBN 0-470-83590-7.
- Tate, Robert. Hans-Joachim Marseille: An Illustrated Tribute to the Luftwaffe's "Star of Africa". Atglen, PA: Schiffer Publishing, 2008. ISBN 978-0-7643-2940-1.
- Heaton, Colin and Lewis, Anne-Marie Lewis. The Star of Africa: The Story of Hans Marseille, the Rogue Luftwaffe Ace. Zenith Press, London. 2012. ISBN 978-0760343937
- Hehner, Barbara. The Desert Hawk. Harper-Collins Books, Canada, 2005. ISBN 978-1-443-40116-6