Wikipedia

Jaime Jaramillo Arango

In this Spanish name, the first or paternal surname is Jaramillo and the second or maternal family name is Arango.

Jaime Jaramillo Arango (January 17, 1897 – July 30, 1962) was a Colombian professor of medicine and surgery, author, diplomat, and politician.[1][2] He was dean of medicine of the National University of Colombia and Director of the same institution, pioneer of modern medicine, Minister Plenipotentiary in the Colombian foreign policy during the Second World War, Minister of education, and founder of the Anglo Colombian School.[3][4]

Jaime Jaramillo Arango
1st Colombia Ambassador to the United Kingdom
In office
June/July 1943 – December 9, 1945
MonarchGeorge VI
PresidentAlfonso López Pumarejo
Prime MinisterWinston Churchill
Succeeded byDarío Echandía
Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary of Colombia to the United Kingdom
In office
September 4, 1940 – 1943
MonarchGeorge VI
PresidentEduardo Santos Montejo (1940–1942)
Alfonso López Pumarejo (1943)
Prime MinisterWinston Churchill
Permanent Delegate of Colombia to the League of Nations
In office
1939–1940
PresidentEduardo Santos Montejo
Permanent Delegate of Colombia to UNESCO
In office
November 1, 1945 – December 9, 1945
PresidentAlfonso López Pumarejo
Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary of Colombia to Germany
In office
June 1938 – December 1938
PresidentAlfonso López Pumarejo (Jun.-Aug.)
Eduardo Santos Montejo (Aug.-Dec.)
Minister Plenipotentiary of Colombia to Denmark
In office
1938–1945
MonarchChristian X
PresidentEduardo Santos Montejo (1938–1942)
Alfonso López Pumarejo (1942–1945)
Minister Plenipotentiary of Colombia to the Governments-in-exile of Belgium, the Netherlands, Norway and Poland, based in London
In office
1940–1945
PresidentEduardo Santos Montejo (1940–1942)
Alfonso López Pumarejo (1942–1945)
Minister of National Education of Colombia
In office
May 29, 1934 – August 6, 1934
PresidentEnrique Olaya Herrera
Rector of the National University of Colombia
In office
1949–1950
Senator of Colombia
In office
1951–1955
Personal details
Born(1897-01-17)January 17, 1897
Manizales, Colombia
DiedJuly 30, 1962(1962-07-30) (aged 65)
Bogotá, Colombia
Spouses
Carolina Cárdenas Núñez
​
​
(m. 1932)​
María José Nemry von Thenen
​
​
(m. 1948)​
Alma materNational University of Colombia
OccupationProfessor, politician, author, diplomat, surgeon
ProfessionMedicine, Surgery

Professor Jaramillo Arango wrote several books of medicine and botany. The most important was “The British Contribution to Medicine” that studied the investigations and discoveries of several Nobel laureates: penicillin, by Alexander Fleming; malaria, by Ronald Ross; paludrine, by F. H. Curd, D. G. Davey, and F. L. Rose; vitamins, by Gowland Hopkins; and stilboestrol, by Robert Robinson and Charles Dodds. The foreword of Jaramillo's book was written by Sir Arthur MacNalty, British Chief Medical Officer of the British government.[5]

Jaramillo Arango became the Permanent Delegate of Colombia to the League of Nations, and Permanent Delegate of Colombia to the First Assembly of the UNESCO in London, in November 1945, where he proposed the creation of the United Nations University.[6] In 1973 the United Nations University, UNU,[7] started to work as the academic research arm of the United Nations, with diplomatic status. Its missión was since the beginning to help human development and welfare through education.[8][9]

Family

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Jaime Jaramillo Arango was born on January 17, 1897, in Manizales, Colombia.[1] He was the son of Francisco Jaramillo Jaramillo and Dolores Arango Isaza.[10] The family descended from Alonso Jaramillo de Andrade, from Extremadura, Spain.[10][11]

Education

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Jaramillo Arango studied in the St. Thomas Aquinas School in Manizales, and in the St. Bartholomew Major College in Bogotá. He studied medicine in the National University of Colombia, and surgery in Paris, London, and Rochester, United States.[12]

Career

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Pioneer of modern medicine

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He returned to Colombia, and became the Director of the Hospital San Juan de Dios from 1920 to 1923, and from 1927 to 1931. He was the president and member of the board of directors of the institution in several occasions.

Due to his extensive studies and professional experience, he became a pioneer of the Colombian modern medicine, and the most eminent Colombian surgeon of his time. He was the primary doctor of three presidents of Colombia: Enrique Olaya, Alfonso López and Eduardo Santos: and many personalities.

Professor, Rector and Minister

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In the 1930s, he began his career in education: from 1933 to 1934, he was a professor and dean of medicine of the National University of Colombia;[13] and, in 1934, president Enrique Olaya Herrera appointed him as Minister of National Education.[2][14][15] Rector of the National University of Colombia from 1949 to 1950.

Diplomatic figure

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In 1938, the liberal president Alfonso López Pumarejo appointed Jaime Jaramillo Arango as Minister Plenipotentiary of Colombia to Germany. That year, he was assigned also as Minister Plenipotentiary, during World War Two, to the United Kingdom, from 1940 to 1945, and Minister Plenipotenciary to the governments in exile: Norway, Denmark, Belgium, Netherlands, and Poland, based in London.[1][9]

Witness of the horrors of Kristallnacht

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On August 2, 1938, Jaramillo Arango arrived in Berlin. The chosen date to present credentials as ambassador to Adolf Hitler was November 15.[16] But, on November 9, the Nazi paramilitary squadrons began brutally attacking the Jewish population and their stores, known as Kristallnacht: the initiation of the persecution of Jews by the Third Reich.[17] The following day, November 10, Ambassador Jaramillo, and his two assistants were arrested because they had been taking pictures of the impressive damage in Kurfürstendamm, from the diplomatic automobile. They were taken to the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, where they were released two hours later. Due to these events, Hitler cancelled the appointment with the Colombian diplomat.[16][18][8][9]

Following Kristallnacht, on November 24, 1938, Jaramillo Arango left Germany and exiled himself, first in France, and then in England, where he was assigned as Minister Plenipotenciary to the United Kingdom until 1945. The Colombian embassy in Berlin was vacant from 1945 until 1953.[16]

The official report of Ambassador Jaramillo appeared later in special articles and books about Kristallnacht;[16][19] and the pictures taken that described the horror of the events on November 9, 1938, were exposed 75 years later in a commemorative exhibition in the New Synagogue of Berlin, in 2013.[20][21]

Ambassador to the United Kingdom

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In 1939, he headed the Colombian delegation to the League of Nations in Geneva, Switzerland, the actual United Nations.[22] Amid the expansion of the Third Reich across Europe, president Eduardo Santos named him as Minister Plenipotentiary to Great Britain, from September 1940 to 1945.[23] Jaime Jaramillo Arango suffered, too, the Blitz of the German bombing to London during World War II. He was appointed also as Minister Plenipotentiary to the Governments in Exile, Poland, Belgium, Denmark, the Netherlands, and Norway, based in the British capital.[24][25] He became the first Colombian ambassador to the United Kingdom, from 1940 to December 19, 1945.[26]

University of the United Nations

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In November 1945, Jaramillo Arango was the Colombian delegate to the First Assembly of UNESCO in London, and was elected as vice president. He proposed the creation of the University of the United Nations, that started to work, after the war, in 1973.

In his speech, Ambassador Jaramillo Arango remembered the physical and spiritual famine in Europe, the teachers killed, and the buildings, universities and monuments destroyed during the war. He called for a rapid reconstruction and rehabilitation of Europe through a system of education and international cooperation. During the UNESCO First Assembly in 1945, his proposition was received with applause, and In 1973 the United Nations University started to work.

National University of Colombia

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After an intense diplomatic life, Jaramillo Arango returned to his country. From 1949 to 1950, he became the Rector of the National University of Colombia[27]

Foundation of the Anglo Colombian School

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In February 1956, due to his deep admiration for the British scientists and educators that had been his teachers and colleagues, professor Jaramillo Arango founded the Anglo Colombian School of Bogotá, an international, bilingüal, mixt-sex education, and intellectually plural school, inspired by the British educational system.[28] To this day, it is one of the most prestigious schools of Colombia.[29]

Personal life

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In 1932 Jaime Jaramillo Arango married Carolina Cárdenas. In 1936 she died of meningitis.

In 1948, he married María José Nemry von Thenen, a Belgian citizen. With her he opened in 1954 the restaurant Mesón de Indias, first international Colombian restaurant, visited by ministers, politicians, diplomats and presidents.

He died on July 30, 1962.

Selected works

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Professor Jaramillo Arango wrote several books and articles about science, medicine and botany, in Spanish and English:

  • 1948 – A propósito de algunas piezas inéditas de orfebrería Chibcha (About Some Unpublished Pieces of Chibcha Goldsmithing)[30] Bogotá: Imprenta del Banco de la República.
  • 1949 – A Critical Review of the Basic Facts in the History of Cinchona, published on dec. 23, 2008 in Botanical Journal of The Linnean Society., vol 53.)[13]
  • 1950 – The Conquest of Malaria[31] London: William Heinemann Medical Books Ltd.
  • 1952 – The Journals of Hipólito Ruiz, a Spanish botanist in Peru and Chile, 1777–1788. Transcribed to Spanish from the original manuscripts by Jaime Jaramillo Arango, and translated to English by Richard Evans Schultes and María José Nemry von Thenen[32] Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1952 / 1998.
  • 1953 - The British Contribution to Medicine. Foreword by Sir Arthur MacNalty[5] London: E. & S. Livingstone Ltd.
  • 1953 – Don José Celestino Mutis y las expediciones botánicas españolas del siglo XVIII al Nuevo Mundo (Don José Celestino Mutis and the Spanish Botanists Expeditions from the 18th Century to the New World)[33] Separata de la Revista Bolívar, No. 9, 1952 / Separata de la Revista de la Academia Colombiana de Ciencias, Vol. VIII, Nos. 33 y 34, mayo de 1953.
  • 1959 – Historia de los antibióticos. Bogotá: Editorial Pax.
  • 1962 – Manual del árbol. Bogotá: Editorial Voluntad Ltda.

References

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  1. ^ a b c Evans Schultes, Richard (March 1963). "Jaime Jaramillo-Arango, 1897 – 1962". Taxon. 12 (2): 41–43. doi:10.1002/j.1996-8175.1963.tb01914.x. JSTOR 1216206.
  2. ^ a b Ortíz, Álvaro (2006). Historia de la facultad de filosofía, Universidad del Rosario [History about of the Faculty of Philosophy, University of the Rosary] (in Spanish). Bogotá: Universidad del Rosario. p. 82. ISBN 978-958-8298-32-0.
  3. ^ Torres Sánchez, Jaime; Salazar Hurtado, Luz Amanda (2002). Introducción a la historia de la Ingeniería y la Educación en Colombia [Introduction to the History of the Colombian Education and Engineering] (in Spanish). Bogotá: Universidad Nacional de Colombia. p. 438. ISBN 978-958-701-160-9.
  4. ^ Castillo Calderón, Jairo. "Jaime Jaramillo Arango, honorable manizalita". Manizales: La Patria, Papel Salmón, 9 de febrero, 2020, pág.23.
  5. ^ a b Jaramillo Arango, Jaime. "British contribution to medicine by Jaime Jaramillo-Arango and foreword by Sir Arthur MacNalty. 1953". Retrieved October 26, 2017.
  6. ^ Jaramillo Arango, Jaime :"The United Nations University" (PDF).[1]. Conference for the Establishment of The United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization. Speech of the first delegate of Colombia in Third Plenary Meeting. London: UNESCO. November 2, 1945. pp. 30–70.
  7. ^ "UNU | United Nations University". unu.edu. October 16, 2023. Retrieved October 15, 2023.
  8. ^ a b Donadío, Alberto. "El colombiano que se enfrentó a Hitler". www.lapatria.com (in Spanish) (Manizales: La Patria, 2018 ed.). Retrieved October 15, 2023.
  9. ^ a b c Galvis, Silvia; Donadío, Alberto (2002). Colombia Nazi: 1939-1945 (Hombre Nuevo Editores ed.). medellin. pp. 213–231.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
  10. ^ a b "Genealogías de Colombia: Árbol genealógico de Francisco Jaramillo Jaramillo" [Genealogy and family of Francisco Jaramillo Jaramillo] (in Spanish). Retrieved October 25, 2017.
  11. ^ "Genealogy of Alonso Jaramillo de Andrade". Geneall. Retrieved September 4, 2017.
  12. ^ "Medical Classifieds" [Clasificados médicos]. EL Tiempo (in Spanish). Bogotá. June 16, 1933. Retrieved November 2, 2017.
  13. ^ a b Jaramillo Arango, Jaime (December 11, 1947). Basic Facts in the History of Cinchona (PDF). p. 272.
  14. ^ "Diario oficial, decreto N° 1598 de 1934" [National Gazette, decree N° 1598, 1934] (PDF). Diario Oficial de Colombia (in Spanish). 22664. August 21, 1934. Retrieved October 27, 2017.
  15. ^ Niño, Germán (January 6, 2016). "Presidentes Olaya, López y Santos" [Colombian presidents Olaya, López y Santos] (in Spanish). Retrieved October 27, 2017.
  16. ^ a b c d Simon, Hermman (November 7, 1998). "Neue Quellen Zum Novemberpogrom In Berlin" [New Sources for Kristallnacht in Berlin] (PDF). Via Regia (in German). Berlin. pp. 5–9. Retrieved October 26, 2017.
  17. ^ "Kristallnacht, a nationwide pogrom". United States Holocaust Memorial Museum. Retrieved April 13, 2018.
  18. ^ Simon, Hermman (2009). Jews in Nazi Berlin, chapter 1, 1938 The Year of Fate (PDF). Chicago: University of Chicago. p. 13. ISBN 978-0226521572.
  19. ^ Kreutzmüller, Christoph; Simon, Hermman; Weber, Elisabeth (June 1, 2013). Ein Pogrom im Juni (in German). Berlin: Hentrich & Hentrich. ISBN 978-3955650131.
  20. ^ Muñoz, José Vicente (November 17, 2013). "La Noche de los cristales rotos" [Kristallnacht]. La Patria (in Spanish). Manizales. Retrieved October 26, 2017.
  21. ^ "La noche de los cristales rotos por diplomáticos colombianos" [Images of Kristallnacht by Colombian diplomats]. El Heraldo (in Spanish). Barranquilla. November 17, 2013. Retrieved October 26, 2017.
  22. ^ "Permanent Mission of Colombia to United Nations in Geneva". Retrieved October 27, 2017.
  23. ^ Epstein,M.,PhD (1942). The Statesman's Year-Book 1942. London. p. 804. ISBN 978-0-230-27071-8.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link) CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  24. ^ Winston, George (March 2015). "Governments-in-exile and royalty relocated to London during World War Two". www.warhistoryonline.com. War History Online. Retrieved April 14, 2018.
  25. ^ Conway, Martin; Gotovitch, José (2001). "European Exile Communities in Britain 1940–45". Europe in Exile. Berghahn Books. JSTOR j.ctt1btbxtx.
  26. ^ "Buckingham Palace, December 19, 1945" (PDF). The London Gazette. London. December 21, 1945. Retrieved October 26, 2017.
  27. ^ "Perfil de Jaime Jaramillo Arango" [Profile of Jaime Jaramillo Arango] (in Spanish). Archived from the original on April 14, 2018. Retrieved October 27, 2017.
  28. ^ "Anglo Colombian School". Retrieved October 27, 2017.
  29. ^ "Anglo Colombian School". anglocolombiano.edu.co. Retrieved October 15, 2023.
  30. ^ Jaramillo Arango, Jaime (May 12, 2012). "A propósito de algunas piezas inéditas de orfebrería chibcha" [About Some Unpublished Pieces of Chibcha Goldsmithing]. Revista del Instituto Etnológico Nacional (in Spanish). Bogotá: Instituto Colombiano de Antropología e Historia. Archived from the original on April 14, 2018. Retrieved April 12, 2018.
  31. ^ Jaramillo Arango, Jaime (1950). "The Conquest of Malaria. London: William Heinemann Medical Books Ltd". Retrieved April 12, 2018.
  32. ^ Pennington, T. D. (April 26, 2010). "The Journals of Hipólito Ruiz, Spanish Botanist in Peru and Chile 1777–1788. Transcribed from the original manuscript by Jaime Jaramillo-Arango, translated by Richard Evans Schultes and María José Nemry von Thenen. Foreword by Santiago Castroviejo. Cambridge: Timber Press. 1998. xxxx + 357pp., 11 colour photos (of maps). ISBN 0 88192 407 5. (hardback)". Edinburgh Journal of Botany. 56 (2): 318. doi:10.1017/S0960428600001256.
  33. ^ Jaramillo Arango, Jaime (1953). Don José Celestino Mutis y las expediciones botánicas españolas del siglo XVIII al Nuevo Mundo [Don José Celestino Mutis and the Spanish Botanists Expeditions from the 18th Century to the New World] (PDF) (in Spanish) (1st ed.). Retrieved April 12, 2018.
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