Ixtlahuacán de los Membrillos is a town and municipality in Jalisco in central-western Mexico. The municipality covers an area of 184.25 km². It is located north of the Chapala municipality.
Ixtlahuacán de los Membrillos | |
|---|---|
Municipality and city | |
 Flag  Coat of arms | |
 Location of the municipality in Jalisco | |
  Ixtlahuacán de los Membrillos Location in Mexico | |
| Coordinates: 20°21′N 103°11′W / 20.350°N 103.183°W | |
| Country |  Mexico |
| State | Jalisco |
| Area | |
| • Total | 184.25 km2 (71.14 sq mi) |
| Population (2005) | |
| • Total | 23,420 |
| Website | http://www.ixtlahuacandelosmembrillos.gob.mx/ |
In 2005, the municipality had a total population of 23,420.[1]
Geography
editIxtlahuacan de los Membrillos is located in the center of the State, at the coordinates 20-21'00 to 20-27'30 north latitude and 103-07'20 at 103-17'00 west longitude, at a height of 1,570 metres above sea level.
It is bordered to the north by the municipalities of Tlajomulco de Zuñiga and Juanacatlán, to the south by Chapala, to the east by Juanacatlán and Chapala, and to the west by Tlajomulco de Zúñiga and Jocotepec.
Its territorial extension 184.25 km2, with 94 localities, being the most important: Ixtlahuacán de los Membrillos (municipal head), Atequiza[1], La Capilla, Los Cedros, El Rodeo and Santa Rosa.
Flat areas represent 62% of the municipal territory, with heights of 1,500 to 1,600 meters; semi-flat zones account for 20% of the territory, with heights of 1,600 to 1,700 meters; and rugged areas account for 18% of the territory, with heights of 1,700 to 2,300 meters above sea level.
Climate
editThe climate is classified as semi-dry with dry winter and spring, and semi-warm without winter season. The average annual temperature is 20oC, and an average annual rainfall of 800 millimeters with a rainfall regime in June, July and August. The prevailing winds are east and west. The average number of frost days per year is 8.
Natural resources
editThe resources of the municipality are part of them: the Rio Grande de Santiago-Río Santiago and the streams flowing during the los Sabinos rainy season, Los Lobos, Agua Escondida (Jalisco)' Escondida Water, Los Pinos, La Cañada and Grande.
It has storage dams: El Llano, El Carnero, Las Campanillas, La Capilla, El Carrizo and El Aniego.
The dominant soils belong to the type pelicver vertisol and planeeric sun; and as associated soil is the Haptic Feozem type.
Flora and fauna
editThe flora is represented by species such as Pinus-pine, oak, oyamel, eucalyptus, Laurel of India, Galeana, Pinabete, willow, sabino, ozote, mezquite, guamúchil, guaje, ash, walnut, guayabo, tepehuaje, Mangifera indica-mango, lemon tree, orange, copal, white zapote, tabachín, jacaranda, camichín, zalate, ahuilote, plum, pirul, nopal and other species.
In the fauna there are species such as coyote, oryctolagus cuniculus-rabbit, Dasypodidae-armadillo, tlacuache, squirrel and rattlesnake.
History
editAbout four kilometers west of Ixtlahuacán, at the foot of the highest hill known as "El Picacho," there is a place called "El Varal" because it is a place where "Las Varas" abound, which are long and thin sticks that were previously used to make tapeixtes, huacals, brambles, fences and huts.
In "El Varal" there is an uncovered and flat plateau where from 1513 to 1534 a tribal group from Tlajomulco de Zúñiga used to live. This group was precisely that of Don Francisco Tepotzin who had just left Tlajomulco de Zúñiga. Adjacent to "El Varal" there is another extensive paddock known all as "La Quebrada".
According to legend, in 1533, by the revelation of their god, the inhabitants of "El Varal" were aware that they should find another place to settle because the place where they were would sink and, therefore, they would die if they did not abandon it. By this same revelation they were made to know that they should go up, at night, to a high part on the hillside and that, facing east, they will seek a very bright light. That would indicate precisely where they should be established.
To the south of what is now Ixtlahuacán there was a spring known as "The Eye of Water". The water from that spring ran down to the north, so extensive puddles formed on the plain. At night, in the water of these puddles, from afar you could see the bright reflected light of the morning lucero that has become the planet Venus.
That bright light is what our ancestors of "El Varal" saw from somewhere on the mountainside "El Picacho". The hitherto inhabitants of "El Varal" according to the indicated signal moved to what is now Ixtlahuacan, but did not settle in the plain, but chose to do so in the vicinity where the spring "The Eye of Water" was still, more than four times centenary, a tree known as "Sabino". Years later, indeed if there was a considerable sinking, not exactly in what is "El Varal" but in the vicinity, in a place called "Mexiquito" but now better known as "La Quebrada". Today we still notice the depression of the terrain, although already very disguised by the thick vegetation.
21st century
editThree municipal police officers were arrested in April 2018 for the kidnapping, robbery, and murder of an employee of the Secretariat of Communications and Transportation (SCT) in 2017.[2] The same year, the Jalisco human rights commission issued a warning against the municipal president of Ixtlahuacán for rights violations.[2][3]
The May 4, 2020, arrest of Giovanni López Ramírez, a 30-year-old construction worker, and his murder while in police custody the next day, set off violent protests against police brutality in Guadalajara in June 2020 which were met by increased arrests and police repression. López's arrest was supposedly because he was not wearing a facemask outside his home during the COVID-19 pandemic in Mexico, and the demonstrations can be indirectly tied to the George Floyd protests in the United States.[4][5]
Government
editMunicipal presidents
edit| Municipal president | Term | Political party | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|
| José Ma. Herrera[6] | 1839 | ||
| Agapito Zaragoza | 1848 | ||
| Teófilo Zúñiga | 1869 | ||
| Valente G. González | 1870 | ||
| Margarito Bustos | 1870 | ||
| José Ma. Herrera | 1871 | ||
| J. Pilar González | 1875 | ||
| Crecencio Velázquez | 1876 | ||
| Lázaro Herrera | 1876 | ||
| Mónico García | 1876 | ||
| José Ma. Herrera | 1878 | ||
| Pantaleón Mendoza | 1878 | ||
| Leandro Mendoza | 1879 | ||
| Mateo Luna | 1879–1880 | ||
| Marcelino Díaz | 1880–1881 | ||
| Georgino Zúñiga | 1881 | ||
| Teófilo Zúñiga | 1883 | ||
| Maximino Mendoza | 1884 | ||
| Teófilo Zúñiga | 1884 | ||
| Mateo Luna | 1885 | ||
| Hilario Hernández | 1886 | ||
| Mateo Luna | 1886 | ||
| Teófilo Zúñiga | 1886–1887 | ||
| Mateo Luna | 1888 | ||
| Lázaro Herrera | 1889 | ||
| Marcelino Herrera | 1889 | ||
| Teófilo Zúñiga | 1890 | ||
| Maximino Mendoza | 1891 | ||
| Mateo Luna | 1892 | ||
| Petronilo Herrera | 1892 | ||
| Teófilo Zúñiga | 1893–1894 | ||
| Rosalío Zaragoza | 1895 | ||
| Onofre Díaz | 1896 | ||
| Rosalío Luna | 1897 | ||
| Marcelino Díaz | 1898 | ||
| Eulogio Herrera | 1899 | ||
| Juan Langruen | 1900 | ||
| Mateo Luna | 1901 | ||
| Francisco Zúñiga | 1902 | ||
| Eulogio Herrera | 1903 | ||
| Mateo Luna | 1903 | ||
| Onofre Díaz | 1904 | ||
| Eulogio Herrera | 1905 | ||
| Anacleto Zúñiga | 1906 | ||
| J. Pilar Zúñiga | 1907 | ||
| Anacleto Zúñiga | 1907 | ||
| Adalberto Herrera | 1908 | ||
| Eulogio Herrera | 1909 | ||
| Eusebio Casillas | 1910 | ||
| J. Guadalupe | 1910 | ||
| Eulogio Herrera | 1911 | ||
| Crescencio Zúñiga | 1911 | ||
| Anacleto Zúñiga | 1911 | ||
| Quirino Zarazoza | 1911 | ||
| Eusebio Casillas | 1912 | ||
| Manuel Zaragoza | 1913 | ||
| Juan A. García | 1913 | ||
| Eulogio Herrera | 1914 | ||
| Juan G. González | 1914–1915 | ||
| Florentino Zaragoza | 1915 | ||
| J. Santos Zaragoza | 1915–1916 | ||
| Bonifacio Neri | 1916 | ||
| J. Encarnación García | 1916 | ||
| J. Santos García | 1916–1917 | ||
| Bonifacio Neri | 1917 | ||
| Crecencio Zúñiga | 1918 | ||
| Adalberto Herrera | 1919 | ||
| Valente D. González | 1920 | ||
| Amado Gómez | 1920 | ||
| Anacleto Zúñiga | 1920 | ||
| Ramón Díaz | 1921 | ||
| Eusebio Casillas | 1921 | ||
| Aureliano Díaz | 1922–1923 | ||
| Crecencio Zúñiga | 1924 | ||
| Julio C. Díaz | 1924 | ||
| Ignacio Lepe | 1925 | ||
| Timoteo García | 1926 | ||
| J. Jesús Zaragoza | 1927 | ||
| Agustín Mendoza | 1927 | ||
| Pedro Velázquez | 1928 | ||
| Agustín Mendoza | 1929 | ||
| J. Jesús Zaragoza R. | 1929 | PNR 
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| José María Herrera | 1930 | PNR
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| Nabor Langruen | 1931 | PNR
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| Pedro Velázquez | 1931 | PNR
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| Manuel Cuevas | 1931 | PNR
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| Isidro Rodríguez | 1932 | PNR
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| J. Jesús Zaragoza | 1932 | PNR
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| Pedro Cervantes | 1932 | PNR
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| J. Jesús Zaragoza R. | 1933 | PNR
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| Isidro Martínez L. | 1934 | PNR
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| Aureliano Díaz | 1935 | PNR
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| Maximiliano García | 1936 | PNR
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| Conrado Ortiz | 1937 | PNR
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| Timoteo García | 1937 | PNR
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| José Mora | 1938 | PNR
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| Apolonio Carrillo | 1938 | PRM 
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| Simón Rodríguez | 1939 | PRM
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| Julián Aguilar L. | 1940 | PRM
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| Rafael Ramírez | 1941–1942 | PRM
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| Ramón Coronado | 1942 | PRM
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| Maximiliano García | 1943–1944 | PRM
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| Apolonio Carrillo | 1945 | PRM
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| J. Jesús Cervantes | 1946 | PRI 
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| J. Refugio Aguilar | 1947–1948 | PRI
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| José Mendoza V. | 1949–1952 | PRI
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| Merced Ramírez | 1953 | PRI
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Acting municipal president |
| J. Refugio Aguilar | 1953–1955 | PRI
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| Ramón C. Ramírez | 1956–1958 | PRI
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| Julián Aguilar L. | 1959–1960 | PRI
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| Juan Zaragoza Íñiguez | 1961 | PRI
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Acting municipal president |
| Salvador Herrera S. | 01-01-1962–31-12-1964 | PRI
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| Eva Herrera Becerra | 01-01-1965–31-12-1967 | PRI
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| J. Trinidad Mendoza H. | 01-01-1968–31-12-1970 | PRI
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| Juan Manuel Zaragoza Íñiguez | 01-01-1971–31-12-1973 | PRI
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| David Díaz Ramírez | 01-01-1974–31-12-1976 | PRI
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| Pedro Salvador Sánchez Zepeda | 01-01-1977–31-12-1979 | PRI
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| Juan José Herrera Arreola | 01-01-1980–31-12-1982 | PRI
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| Raúl Ramírez Real[7] | 01-01-1983–31-12-1985 | PRI
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| María Elba Díaz Ramírez | 01-01-1986–31-12-1988 | PRI
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| Juan Pablo Guardiola Zúñiga[8] | 01-01-1989–1992 | PRI
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| Conrado Ramírez García[9] | 1992–1995 | PRI
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| José Antonio Aguilar Enciso[10] | 1995–1997 | PAN .svg){kind=logo}
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| José de Jesús López Covarrubias[11] | 01-01-1998–2000 | PRI
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| Refugio Silva Vega | 2000 | PRI
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Acting municipal president |
| Aurelio Díaz Aguilar[12] | 01-01-2001–31-12-2003 | PRI
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| Ramón Ramírez Hernández[13] | 01-01-2004–31-12-2006 | PAN
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| Octavio Coronado Vargas[14][15] | 01-01-2007–31-12-2009 | PAN
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| Carlos Méndez Gutiérrez[16] | 01-01-2010–2012 | PRI .svg){kind=logo} Panal .svg){kind=small}
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Coalition "Alliance for Jalisco" |
| Marco Antonio Díaz Carrazco | 2012 | PRI Panal
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Coalition "Alliance for Jalisco". Acting municipal president |
| Sergio Ramón Quintero González[17] | 01-10-2012–30-09-2015 | PRI PVEM .svg){kind=small}
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Coalition "Compromise for Jalisco" |
| Eduardo Cervantes Aguilar[18] | 01-10-2015–30-03-2018 | PRI
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Applied for a temporary leave, to run for reelection, which he got |
| Carlos Méndez Gutiérrez[19] | 31-03-2018–2018 | PRI
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Acting municipal president |
| Eduardo Cervantes Aguilar[20] | 01-10-2018–30-09-2021 | PRI
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Was reelected on 01-07-2018 |
| José Heriberto García Murillo[21] | 01-10-2021– | PRI
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References
edit- ^ "Ixtlahuacán de los Membrillos". Enciclopedia de los Municipios de México. Instituto Nacional para el Federalismo y el Desarrollo Municipal. Archived from the original on November 29, 2006. Retrieved April 13, 2009.
- ^ a b Martinez, Jorge (June 4, 2020). "Lo que sabemos de caso Giovanni López, detenido en Ixtlahuacán". milenio.com (in Mexican Spanish). Milenio Digital. Retrieved January 11, 2021.
- ^ "Antes de Giovanni López, hay casos de abuso en Ixtlahuacán, Jalisco". milenio.com (in Mexican Spanish). Milenio. June 4, 2020. Retrieved January 11, 2021.
- ^ "Así fue la detención de Giovanni López justo antes de su muerte". La Vanguardia (in Spanish). 5 June 2020. Retrieved June 5, 2020.
- ^ "Queman patrullas en Jalisco por muerte de Giovanni López". El Universal (in Spanish). 4 June 2020. Retrieved June 5, 2020.
- ^ "Enciclopedia de los Municipios y Delegaciones de México. Jalisco. Ixtlahuacán de los Membrillos" (in Spanish). Archived from the original on 2 October 2017. Retrieved 9 December 2021.
- ^ "Consejo Electoral del Estado de Jalisco. CEEJ. Cómputo del Consejo Electoral del Estado de Jalisco en las Elecciones de munícipes, 1982. Ixtlahuacán de los Membrillos. PRI: 1879 votos. Partido Socialista de los Trabajadores (PST): 311 votos" (PDF) (in Spanish). Retrieved 9 December 2021.
- ^ "Consejo Electoral del Estado de Jalisco. CEEJ. Resultados de la elección de munícipes, 1988. Ixtlahuacán de los Membrillos. PRI: 1160 votos. PAN: 640 votos. Partido Auténtico de la Revolución Mexicana (PARM): 620 votos. Coalición Cardenista Jalisciense (CCJ): 103 votos" (PDF) (in Spanish). Retrieved 9 December 2021.
- ^ "Consejo Electoral del Estado de Jalisco. CEEJ. Elección de munícipes, 1992. Ixtlahuacán de los Membrillos. PRI: 2145 votos. PAN: 1538 votos. Partido Auténtico de la Revolución Mexicana (PARM): 809 votos. Partido del Frente Cardenista de Reconstrucción Nacional (PFCRN): 292 votos" (PDF) (in Spanish). Retrieved 9 December 2021.
- ^ "Consejo Electoral del Estado de Jalisco. CEEJ. Elección de munícipes, 1995. Ixtlahuacán de los Membrillos. PAN: 3824 votos. PRI: 2512 votos. PRD: 139 votos" (PDF) (in Spanish). Retrieved 9 December 2021.
- ^ "Consejo Electoral del Estado de Jalisco. CEEJ. Resultados de la elección de munícipes, 1997. Ixtlahuacán de los Membrillos. PRI: 3055 votos. PAN: 2274 votos. PVEM: 1387 votos. PRD: 804 votos" (PDF) (in Spanish). Retrieved 9 December 2021.
- ^ "Consejo Electoral del Estado de Jalisco. CEEJ. Resultados de la elección de munícipes del 12 de noviembre de 2000. Ixtlahuacán de los Membrillos. PRI: 3504 votos. Partido Auténtico de la Revolución Mexicana (PARM): 1790 votos. PAN: 1742 votos. PVEM: 1442 votos. PRD: 199 votos" (PDF) (in Spanish). Retrieved 9 December 2021.
- ^ "Consejo Electoral del Estado de Jalisco. CEEJ. Integración de votos correspondientes a cada partido por municipio, elecciones del año 2003. Ixtlahuacán de los Membrillos. PAN: 3162 votos. PRI: 2901 votos. PVEM: 1824 votos. PRD: 432 votos" (PDF) (in Spanish). Retrieved 9 December 2021.
- ^ "Listado de presidentes municipales electos, Jalisco" (PDF) (in Spanish). Retrieved 9 December 2021.
- ^ "Consejo Electoral del Estado de Jalisco. CEEJ. Resultado de los cómputos municipales, 5 de julio de 2006. Ixtlahuacán de los Membrillos. PAN: 4903 votos. PRI: 4239 votos. Partido Nueva Alianza (Panal) 474 votos. PRD-PT: 356 votos" (PDF) (in Spanish). Retrieved 9 December 2021.
- ^ "Instituto Electoral y de Participación Ciudadana del Estado de Jalisco. IEPC Jalisco. Proceso electoral 2009. Ayuntamiento de Ixtlahuacán de los Membrillos. PRI-Partido Nueva Alianza (Panal): 4962 votos. PAN: 2987 votos. PVEM: 2627 votos. PRD: 222 votos" (PDF) (in Spanish). Retrieved 9 December 2021.
- ^ "Instituto Electoral y de Participación Ciudadana del Estado de Jalisco. IEPC Jalisco. Integración ayuntamientos 2012. Anexo V. Ixtlahuacán de los Membrillos. PRI-PVEM: 5332 votos. PRD: 3707 votos. PT-MC: 2659 votos. PAN: 1367 votos. Partido Nueva Alianza (Panal): 1130 votos" (PDF) (in Spanish). Retrieved 9 December 2021.
- ^ "Instituto Electoral y de Participación Ciudadana del Estado de Jalisco. IEPC Jalisco. Resultados de la elección de munícipes. Proceso electoral local ordinario 2015. Integración de ayuntamientos 2015. Ixtlahuacán de los Membrillos. PRI: 8401 votos. PAN-PRD: 3129 votos. MC: 1660 votos. PVEM: 777 votos. Morena: 564 votos" (PDF) (in Spanish). Retrieved 9 December 2021.
- ^ "Secretario General de Gobierno presidió la quinceava reunión de la Mesa Permanente de Coordinación y Seguridad Pública Metropolitana (último párrafo)" (in Spanish). 25 May 2018. Retrieved 9 December 2021.
- ^ "Instituto Electoral y de Participación Ciudadana del Estado de Jalisco. IEPC Jalisco. Integración de ayuntamientos, 2018. Anexo 4. Ixtlahuacán de los Membrillos. PRI: 8310 votos. PAN-PRD-MC: 5324 votos. PT-Morena-PES: 2623 votos. PVEM: 642 votos. Partido Nueva Alianza (Panal): 328 votos" (PDF) (in Spanish). Retrieved 9 December 2021.
- ^ "Instituto Electoral y de Participación Ciudadana del Estado de Jalisco. IEPC Jalisco. Proceso electoral concurrente 2021. Integración de Ayuntamientos, 2021. Ixtlahuacán de los Membrillos. PRI: 10060 votos. Morena: 3373 votos. MC: 1429 votos. PAN: 1230 votos. Fuerza X México: 812 votos" (in Spanish). Retrieved 9 December 2021.