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The Interior Salish languages are one of the two main branches of the Salishan language family, the other being Coast Salish. It can be further divided into Northern and Southern subbranches. The first Interior Salish people encountered by American explorers were the Flathead people (Selish or seliš).
| Interior Salish | |
|---|---|
| Linguistic classification | Salishan
|
| Subdivisions |
|
| Language codes | |
| ISO 639-3 | – |
| Glottolog | inte1241 |
Languages
editLanguages with no living native speakers are marked with an obelisk, †.
- Salish
- Northern
- Shuswap, also known as Secwepemctsín and səxwəpməxcín.
- Lillooet, also known as St'át'imcets.[1]
- Thompson River Salish, (nłeʔképmxcín; also known as Nlakaʼpamux, Ntlakapmuk, Thompson Salish, and Thompson.)
- Spuzzum dialect, also called Lower Thompson (spəzm̓mxcín)[2]
- sƛ̓eyéxʷcín[3][page needed]
- nk̓əmcínxcín[4][page needed]
- Nicola dialect (scw̓exmcín)[5][page needed][6]
- Southern
- Coeur d’Alene, also known as Snchitsuʼumshtsn and snčícuʔumšcn.
- Columbia-Moses †,[a] also known as Columbia and Nxaʔamxcín.
- Colville-Okanagan, also known as Okanagan, Nxsəlxcin, Nsilxcín, Nsíylxcən, and ta nukunaqínxcən.[7]
- Montana Salish, also known as Spokane-Kalispel-Flathead, Kalispel–Pend d'Oreille language, and Spokane–Kalispel–Bitterroot Salish–Upper Pend d'Oreille.
- Northern
The Southern Interior Salish languages share many common phonemic values but are separated by both vowel and consonant shifts (for example k k̓ x > č č' š).
Peoples speaking an Interior Salish language
editThis section may require cleanup to meet Wikipedia's quality standards. The specific problem is: grammar, structure, citations. (February 2022) |
Northern
edit- Secwepemc, also known as Shuswap, Secwepemctsín, səxwəpməxcín (ʃəxwəpməxtʃín).[8]
- St̓át̓imc, also known as Stlʼatlʼimx, Stlʼatlʼimc, Sƛ’aƛ’imxǝc (St̓át̓imcets, also known as Úcwalmicwts).[9]
- Nlaka'pamux, also known as Thompson River Salish, Ntlakapmuk, Ntleʼkepmxcín, Thompson River, Thompson Salish, Thompson, known in frontier times as the Hakamaugh, Klackarpun, Couteau or Knife Indians.[10]
Central
edit- Colville, Sinixt (Senjextee, Sin Aikst, or Lakes Band), Sanpoil, Okanagan, and Methow, all of whom speak Nxsəlxcin, nsyilxcən.[11]
Eastern
edit- Spokane, Kalispel, and the Flathead, including the Bitterroot, all of whom speak Montana Salish.
Southern
edit- Sinkiuse-Columbia, Entiat, Wenatchi, and Chelan, all of whom traditionally speak or spoke Columbia-Moses, also known as Nxaảmxcín, Sinkiuse-Columbia, Sinkiuse, Columbia.
- Coeur d'Alene people, also known as Schitsu'umsh or Skitswish (Coeur d'Alene language).
Many speakers and students of these languages live near the city of Spokane and for the past three years have gathered at the Celebrating Salish Conference which is hosted by the Kalispel Tribe at the Northern Quest Resort & Casino.[12]
See also
editNotes
edit- ^ Currently undergoing revival.
References
edit- ^ Matthewson, Lisa; Davis, Henry; Rullmann, Hotze (2007-12-31). "Evidentials as epistemic modals: Evidence from St'át'imcets". Linguistic Variation Yearbook. 7: 201–254. doi:10.1075/livy.7.07mat. ISSN 1568-1483.
- ^ Thompson & Thompson 1996, p. 237.
- ^ Egesdal, Steven M.; Thompson, M. Terry; Jimmie, Mandy N. (2011). Nl̳ekèpmxcín: Thompson River Salish speech. Whatcom museum publications. Bellingham, WA: Whatcom Museum. ISBN 978-1-879763-22-7.
- ^ Egesdal, Steven M.; Thompson, M. Terry; Jimmie, Mandy N. (2011). Nl̳ekèpmxcín: Thompson River Salish speech. Whatcom museum publications. Bellingham, WA: Whatcom Museum. ISBN 978-1-879763-22-7.
- ^ Egesdal, Steven M.; Thompson, M. Terry; Jimmie, Mandy N. (2011). Nl̳ekèpmxcín: Thompson River Salish speech. Whatcom museum publications. Bellingham, WA: Whatcom Museum. ISBN 978-1-879763-22-7.
- ^ Thompson & Thompson 1996, p. 46.
- ^ "Sharing One Skin". www.culturalsurvival.org. Retrieved 2022-12-07.
- ^ Lacho, David Dennison; Leon, Aaron (2017-07-31). ""Please mom? Can you please download it at home?": Video Games as a Symbol of Linguistic Survivance". Transmotion. 3 (1): 70–70. doi:10.22024/UniKent/03/tm.248. ISSN 2059-0911.
- ^ Matthewson, Lisa (2005). When I Was Small - I Wan Kwikws A Grammatical Analysis of St’át’imc Oral Narratives. Vancouver, BC, Canada: UBC Press. p. 6. ISBN 978–0-7748-1090-6.
{{cite book}}: Check|isbn=value: invalid character (help)CS1 maint: date and year (link) - ^ Thompson, Laurence C.; Thompson, M. Terry (1992). The Thompson language. University of Montana occasional papers in linguistics (1. publ ed.). Missoula, MT: UMOPL. ISBN 978-1-879763-08-1.
- ^ "nsyilxcən Language – Okanagan Nation Alliance". Retrieved 2025-02-07.
- ^ Rosenbaum, Cary (2019-03-12). "Celebrating Salish Conference reaches 10 years". Tribal Tribune. Retrieved 2023-10-31.
Bibliography
edit- Thompson, Laurence C.; Thompson, M. Terry (1996). Thompson River Salish Dictionary. University of Montana Occasional Papers in Linguistics. Vol. 12. Missoula, MT: University of Montana. ISBN 978-1-879763-12-8.
Further reading
edit- Flucke, A. F. Interior Salish. 1952.
- Hanna, Darwin, and Mamie Henry. Our Tellings: Interior Salish Stories of the Nlhaʼkapmx People. Vancouver: UBC Press, 1995. ISBN 0-7748-0525-0
- Orser, Brenda I. L. Stem-Initial Pharyngeal Resonants [Symbol for Central Pharyngeal Fricative, Followed by Symbol for Labialized Central Pharyngeal Fricative], in Spokane, Interior Salish. Ottawa: National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1993.
- Pickford, Arthur E. Interior Salish. British Columbia heritage series, v. 3. Victoria, [B.C.]: Province of British Columbia, Dept. of Education, Division of Curriculum, 1971.