The Imaret of Komotini (Greek: Ιμαρέτ Κομοτηνής) is an imaret complex in the town of Komotini, in the Western Thrace region of northern Greece, and is thought to be one of the oldest surviving Ottoman monuments in Europe.[1][2][3][4] It is dated between the early 1360s and the end of the fourteenth century.[5] Its was built by Ottoman conqueror Gazi Ahmed Evrenos near the eastern walls of the Byzantine Koumoutzedes Castle.[6] Ever since 1999 the building has functioned as the Ecclesiastical Museum of the Metropolis of Maroneia and Komotini.[7] Local tradition of Komotini has linked it to a previous Byzantine church dedicated to the Holy Wisdom (Hagia Sophia) in this specific location, and supposedly parts of the church were incorporated into the building.[8]
| Imaret of Komotini | |
|---|---|
Ιμαρέτ Κομοτηνής | |
 The imaret today | |
  Imaret in Greece | |
| General information | |
| Status | Museum |
| Type | Imaret |
| Architectural style | Ottoman architecture |
| Classification | Protected monument |
| Town or city | Komotini |
| Country | Greece |
| Coordinates | 41°07′08.7″N 25°24′07.5″E / 41.119083°N 25.402083°E |
| Opened | 1360-1399 |
| Renovated | 1996-1999 |
| Technical details | |
| Material | Brick, marble, stone |
| Design and construction | |
| Developer | Evrenos |
History
editAt the time of Gazi Evrenos, it was located on the eastern walls of the Byzantine castle / small outpost on the outskirts of Mosynopolis on the road axis from Constantinople to the west. In the nineteenth century during the occupation of the city by the Bulgarians, the eastern part of Imaret was converted into a church; an inscription in Cyrillic alphabet is preserved on the door above the arch to this day.[6] In 1924, an ice factory complex was created on the site, while some areas were used until 1973 by the electric lighting service of Komotini.[7][9]
Architecture
editThe imaret of Komotini is considered to be one of the oldest examples of Ottoman architecture in Thrace (it consists of three spaces that form a T shape on the ground plan, in zawiya-style) and is built in the Byzantine technique of using brick-enclosed masonry, also characteristic of early Ottoman buildings.[7] On the south side of the building, a built-in marble female head dating to the Roman period has been discovered.[7] During the restoration that took place between 1996 and 1999, the windows were restored to their original shape and form, while the roof was tiled with the same type of tiles, while the walls and mortars were repaired.[7]
Ecclesiastical museum
edit
The imaret was made into a museum after a concession in 1996 in order for renovation and restoration works to begin on the building. Today it functions as a museum with ecclesiastical exhibits (which date from the sixteenth to the twentieth centuries) such as icons, sacred vessels, vestments, manuscripts from churches in the area but also donations from refugees from Asia Minor who settled in the Rhodope region following the exchange of populations between Greece and Turkey in 1923.[10]
The conversion of the imaret into an ecclesiastical museum took place between 1994 and 1999 with the support of the European Union. The sign placed outside the church-museum reads that it is "a Byzantine monument in Komotini which was converted into a church museum (imaret)". The Association of University Graduates of the Western Thrace Minority published a report on the matter to the Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe (OSCE) saying that this move was aimed at "changing the identity of the Ottoman monument, and with the help of the European Union at that."[11]
Gallery
edit- Imaret of Komotini
-
Northern façade -
Northwestern view of the Imaret. -
Cyrillic inscription dating to Bulgarian occupation. -
Exhibits inside. -
Interior. -
Interior design
See also
edit
References
edit- ^ Kiel, Machiel (1990). Studies on the Ottoman Architecture of the Balkans. Variorum. ISBN 9780860782766.: Το βιβλίο περιέχει σε ξεχωριστά κεφάλαια τα δημοσιευμένα άρθρα του Κιλ: Machiel Kiel (1983). "The Oldest Monuments of Ottoman-Turkish Architecture in the Balkans: The Imaret and the Mosque of Ghazi Evrenos Bey in Gümülcine (Komotini) and the Evrenos Bey Khan in the Village of Ilıca/Loutra in Greek Thrace (1370-1390)". Istanbul: Sanat Tarihi Yıllıġı, Kunsthhistorische Forschungen 12: 117–138.
{{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires|journal=(help) και "Observations on the History of Northern Greece during the Turkish Rule: Historical and Architectural Description of the Turkish Monuments of Komotini and Serres, their Place in the Development of Ottoman Turkish Architecture, and their Present Condition". Balkan Studies Thessaloniki. 12: 416. 1971. το οποίο αναφέρει Komotini was made into a great trading and craftsman centre, and the oldest Turkish monument preserved in Europe, the Ghazi Evrenos Imaret, is still to be seen there. - ^ Dr David Nicolle, Christa Hook (1999). Nicopolis 1396: The Last Crusade. Osprey Publishing. p. 48. ISBN 978-1855329188.[dead link]
- ^ Kate Fleet (2009). History of Turkey Vol 1, Byzantium to Turkey 1071-1453. Cambridge University Press. pp. 159. ISBN 978-0-521-62093-2.
- ^ Ameen Fatouh, Ahmed (2010). Byzantine influences on Early Ottoman Architecture of Greece. Εθνικό και Καποδιστριακό Πανεπιστήμιο Αθηνών (ΕΚΠΑ). Σχολή Φιλοσοφική. Τμήμα Ιστορίας και Αρχαιολογίας. Τομέας Αρχαιολογίας και Ιστορίας της Τέχνης. p. 31. doi:10.12681/eadd/20731.
- ^ Oguz Yeynep. "Multi-functional buildings of the T-type in Ottoman context: A network of identity and territorialization" (PDF). unpublished MA Thesis. Middle Eastern Technical University, Ankara. p. 33. Retrieved 2012-12-01.
- ^ a b "Ιμαρέτ Κομοτηνής". Οδυσσεύς - Ιστοσελίδα Υπουργείου Πολιτισμού και Τουρισμού. Archived from the original on 2018-03-17. Retrieved 2012-01-09.
- ^ a b c d e "Εκκλησιαστικό Μουσείο Ιεράς Μητροπόλεως Μαρωνείας και Κομοτηνής". Οδυσσεύς - Ιστοσελίδα Υπουργείου Πολιτισμού και Τουρισμού. Archived from the original on 2009-01-05. Retrieved 2012-01-09.
- ^ "Μουσεία Κομοτηνής". Ιστοσελίδα Δήμου Κομοτηνής. Archived from the original on 2009-09-25. Retrieved 2012-01-09.
- ^ Konstantinos Tsitselikis (2012). Old and New Islam in Greece: From Historical Minorities to Immigrant Newcomers. Martinus Nijhoff Publishers. p. 342. ISBN 978-9004221529.
- ^ "Περιγραφή: Εκκλησιαστικό Μουσείο Ιεράς Μητροπόλεως Μαρωνείας και Κομοτηνής". Οδυσσεύς - Ιστοσελίδα Υπουργείου Πολιτισμού και Τουρισμού. Archived from the original on 2018-03-17. Retrieved 2012-01-09.
- ^ "Mosques in Western Thrace". Western Thrace Minority University Graduates Association. Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe. 2009-07-10. p. 7. Retrieved 2012-07-17.
Bibliography
edit- Kiel, Machiel (1983). "The Oldest Monuments of Ottoman-Turkish Architecture in the Balkans: The Imaret and the Mosque of Ghazi Evrenos Bey in Gümülcine (Komotini) and the Evrenos Bey Khan in the Village of Ilıca/Loutra in Greek Thrace (1370-1390)". Istanbul: Sanat Tarihi Yıllıġı, Kunsthhistorische Forschungen 12: 117–138.
{{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires|journal=(help) - Ahmed Ameen Fatouh (2010). Οι Βυζαντινές επιδράσεις στην πρώιμη οθωμανική αρχιτεκτονική της Ελλάδος. Εθνικό και Καποδιστριακό Πανεπιστήμιο Αθηνών (ΕΚΠΑ): Σχολή Φιλοσοφική. Τμήμα Ιστορίας και Αρχαιολογίας. Τομέας Αρχαιολογίας και Ιστορίας της Τέχνης. pp. 26–31.
External links
edit
Media related to Imaret of Komotini at Wikimedia Commons- Imaret Archived 2018-03-17 at the Wayback Machine Υπουργείο Πολιτισμού και Αθλητισμού
- Ecclesiastical Museum of Maroneia and Komotini Archived 2018-03-17 at the Wayback Machine Υπουργείο Πολιτισμού και Αθλητισμού
