Abul Fatah Imad ad-Din al-Malik al-Adil Zengi Ibn Moudud (Arabic: أبو الفتح عماد الدين "الملك العادل" زنكي بن مودود; died 1197), better known as Imad ad-Din Zengi II, was an emir of the Sinjar-based Zengid dynasty and the first son of Qutb al-Din Mawdud. He ruled from 1171 to 1197 Sinjar and 1181–83 Aleppo.[clarification needed]
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Life
editHis father died on September 6, 1170, disinheriting him and designating his second son Sayf al-Din Ghazi II as his successor. Imad ad-Din took refuge in Aleppo at the court of Nur al-Din. The latter quickly intervened against Mosul, seizing Sinjar and besieging Mosul, which surrendered on January 22, 1171. Contrary to Imad ad-Din's hopes, he maintained control of the city on his own, appointing a vizier there, Gumushtekin, and left the title of the emir of Mosul to Sayf al-Din.[2] Imad ad-Din received Sinjar in compensation.[3]
Sayf al-Din passed away on June 29, 1180, and appointed his brother Izz al-Din Mas'ud as his successor. He certainly had a son, but he was only twelve years old and the political situation demanded a strong man at the helm of the emirate. Saladin, the vizier of Egypt, refused Nur al-Din's tutelage and then took advantage of the latter's death to seize Damascus and, while seeking to unify the Muslims of Egypt and Syria under his rule, posed a threat to Mosul. and Aleppo. On December 4, 1181, his cousin As-Salih Ismail al-Malik, son of Nur al-Din, died without having a son or brother and appointed Izz al-Din Mas'ud to succeed him, against the law. opinion of his advisors who proposed Imad ad-Din. Following the affirmations of his brother Izz ad-Din, he preferred to exchange Sinjar for Aleppo with Imad ad-Din.[4]
In November 1182, Saladin, seeking to unify Muslim Syria under his rule, laid siege to Mosul, but the Muslim princes, concerned about Saladin's ambitions, formed a coalition that forced him to lift the siege.[5] He then turned in May 1183 against Aleppo and besieged the city. The city is said to be impregnable, its inhabitants and defenders did not hesitate to raid Saladin's army and Imad ad-Din was able to call on his brother Izz ad-Din Mas'ud or the Franks to force Saladin to lift the siege, but he preferred to negotiate and concluded on June 12, 1183, the exchange of Aleppo for the cities of Sinjar, Nisibis, Al-Khabur, Ar-Rakka, and Seruj. Imad ad-Din Zengi left the city to the boos of the Aleppo people, who had always been loyal to the Zangids and who were ashamed of their emir's resignation.[6]
In June 1190, he responded with one of his nephews from Mosul to Saladin's call for jihad against the Crusaders besieging Acre.[7] In 1193, taking advantage of Saladin's death, Imad ad-Din and his brother Izz ad-Din Mas'ud attempted to shake off Ayyubid tutelage, but Izz ad-Din Mas'ud's death soon after put an end to this attempt. Imad ad-Din died at Sinjar in the month of November or December 1197.[8]
Legacy
editImad al-Din had a son named Qutb ad-Din Muhammad (died 1219) from his unknown wife, who succeeded him.
References
edit- ^ S/S 79.3; Edhem -; Album 1879.2.
- ^ Grousset 1935, p. 530.
- ^ Grousset 1935, p. 936.
- ^ Grousset 1935, pp. 649–650.
- ^ Grousset 1935, pp. 674–6.
- ^ Grousset 1935, pp. 680–1.
- ^ Grousset 1936, p. 74.
- ^ Grousset 1936, pp. 175–6.
Works cited
edit- Grousset, René (1935). Histoire des croisades et du royaume franc de Jérusalem [History of the Crusades and the Frankish Kingdom of Jerusalem] (in French). Vol. II 1131-1187 L'équilibre. Paris (published 2006).
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link) - Grousset, René (1936). Histoire des croisades et du royaume franc de Jérusalem [History of the Crusades and the Frankish Kingdom of Jerusalem] (in French). Vol. III 1188-1291 L'anarchie. Paris (published 2006).
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)