Iliescu is a Romanian surname. Notable people with the surname include:
- Adriana Iliescu (born 1938), Romanian university lecturer and children's writer
- Constantin I. Iliescu, Romanian politician
- Dragoș Iliescu (born 1974), Romanian psychologist
- Ion Iliescu (born 1930), President of Romania (1992–1996; 2000–2004)
- Juan Iliesco (1898–1968), Romanian-born Argentine chess player
- Mihai Iliescu (born 1978), Romanian bobsledder
- Șerban Iliescu (1956–2016), Romanian linguist and journalist