Ihsane El Kadi (Arabic: إحسان القاضي; born 27 April 1959) is an Algerian journalist and press freedom activist who founded the media outlets Maghreb Émergent and Radio M, among the few independent outlets in Algeria until their dissolutions in 2023.[1] A noted critic of the government and a prominent leader during the Hirak protest movement, El Kadi has been arrested and charged with multiple offences, most recently being sentenced to five years in prison in 2023 for the "foreign financing of his business" in a trial that human rights organisations have denounced as unfair and unjust.[2][3]
Ihsane El Kadi | |
|---|---|
إحسان القاضي | |
 | |
| Born | April 27, 1959 |
| Nationality | Algerian |
| Alma mater | University of Algiers |
| Occupation(s) | Journalist Activist |
Early life
editEl Kadi was born in Tripoli in what was then the Kingdom of Libya where his father Bachir was working for the National Liberation Front (FLN), the principal Algerian nationalist movement, managing one of its intelligence stations in Libya transporting weaponry into Algeria.[4][5][6] The family remained in Libya following Algeria's independence in 1962 while Bachir served as a member of Algeria's diplomatic mission to the country, before returning to Algeria in 1964, when El Kadi's father became a member of the FLN's central committee under the country's first president, Ahmed Ben Bella. Bachir El Kadi retired from public life following the 1965 Algerian coup d'état by Houari Boumédiène, following which many of Ben Bella's supporters were arrested and imprisoned.[7]
El Kadi studied economics at the University of Algiers where he was active in the Revolutionary Communist Group, an underground Trotskyist movement founded by trade unionists and Pabloists. In 1980, he took part in the Berber Spring advocating for the rights of the Berbers during which he was first arrested and imprisoned.[8]
Journalism career
editEl Kadi first began working as a journalist during the early 1980s, gaining prominence in Algeria's independent press.[9] During the Algerian Civil War between 1991 and 2002, El Kadi was the editor-in-chief of the French-language newspaper La Tribune, which gained recognition for its investigations into individuals who had disappeared during the conflict between the Algerian government and various Islamist rebel groups. Journalists were common targets of the Armed Islamic Group of Algeria during this time.[9]
In June 2007, El Kadi was a leading figure during the founding of Les Afriques, the first pan-African financial newspaper written by journalists based on the continent. El Kadi served as the newspaper's economics and politics editor based in Algiers.[10] In 2008, El Kadi founded Maghreb Émergent, an online newspaper focusing on economic news from the Maghreb, and subsequently founded Radio M, a private radio station broadcasting to the Maghreb.[9] El Kadi's media outlets have been described as among the few independent media groups in Algeria, and have been noted as often been critical of the country's government and its actions, particularly during the presidencies of Abdelaziz Bouteflika and Abdelmadjid Tebboune[4][11]
Arrest and imprisonment
editOn 10 June 2021, during the Hirak protests triggered by Bouteflika's decision to stand for a fifth presidential term, and shortly before the 2021 Algerian parliamentary election was scheduled to take place, El Kadi was arrested, alongside opposition politician Karim Tabbou and fellow journalist Khaled Drareni, the North African representative for Reporters Without Borders. The three were subsequently prohibited from speaking to the media about their arrests.[12]
In June 2022, El Kadi was tried at a Sidi M'Hamed court in relation to an article published on 23 March 2021 in which he called for the integration of followers of all ideologies, including Islamists, into the reform movement.[13] He was sentenced to six months imprisonment and a fine of 50, 000 dinars but did not ultimately serve a custodial sentence.[14]
El Kadi was arrested again near midnight on 24 December 2022 at his home in Boumerdès by six plainclothes police officers, during which time the offices of Maghreb Émergent and Radio M in Algiers were searched and sealed by Algerian authorities.[15] El Kadi was subsequently remanded on the basis of breaching article 95 of the penal code in relation to alleged articles he had published and donations he had received, which were accused of threatening state security.[16][10] He was initially held at the El Harrach prison in Algiers.[15]
On 16 January 2023, the Algerian judiciary confirmed El Kadi's ongoing "preventative detention", setting a trial date of 12 March.[11][17] Several charges against El Kadi were dropped, though he continued to be accused of being financed by foreign sources.[18] El Kadi's defence team stated the only foreign donation El Kadi received was from his daughter, who resided in the United Kingdom and was a partner in his business.[2] They accused the Algerian government of violating the country's constitution and El Kadi's basic right to a fair trial after the government prevented them from properly advising El Kadi.[11]
On 28 March 2023, the state prosecutor announced its intention to seek a five year custodial sentence for El Kadi.[19] On 2 April 2023, the court in Sidi M'Hamed found El Kadi guilty of the "foreign financing of his company" and received a five-year sentence, with three years suspended.[20] Upon appeal, the sentence was increased to seven years, five of which were suspended, on 18 June 2023.[21] In addition, Interface Media, which ran Maghreb Émergent and Radio M, were ordered to be dissolved, with the company and El Kadi being fined a total of 11.7 million dinars.[2]
On 12 October 2023, the Supreme Court of Algeria rejected an appeal to the Court of Cassation filed by El Kidane's lawyers, ending his last legal recourse to reverse his sentence.[22]
On 1 November 2024, El Kadi was released after a presidential pardon granted on the occasion of the seventieth anniversary of the Algerian War of Independence.[23]
International response
editIn January 2023, Reporters Without Borders denounced the "judicial harassment" El Kadi had received in a statement sent to the United Nations, calling on the Special Rapporteur to "immediately" call on the Algerian government to comply with its international and constitutional obligations.[24] Khaled Drareni stated that the ongoing Russian invasion of Ukraine and Algeria's subsequent emergence as an oil and gas supplier to countries in southern Europe following the ban on Russian oil and gas made them wary to speak out against the government's actions.[15]
On 4 January 2023, a week after El Kadi's arrest, the online magazine Orient XXI republished his article that had prompted his arrest, in which he criticised the Algerian People's National Army's stronghold on the country's presidency.[25] In the subsequent weeks, numerous prominent figures and organisations called for El Kadi's release, including the Nobel Peace Prize laureate Dmitry Muratov and the human rights organisation Amnesty International.[3] A petition started by Reporters Without Borders garnered over 10, 000 signatures in one month calling for El Kadi's immediate release.[26]
On 11th May 2023, the European Parliament adopted a resolution calling on El Kadi's "immediate and unconditional release", a few weeks prior to a state visit to France by the Algerian president, Abdelmadjid Tebboune. MEPs called on European Union institutions and members to raise the issue of press freedom with Algerian officials.[27]
An op ed in Le Monde calling on El Kadi's release was signed by writers including Noam Chomsky, Annie Ernaux, Ken Loach and Arundhati Roy was published on 30 May 2023, stating he had been "unjustly detained and convicted".[28]
An open letter to Abdelmadjid Tebboune in January 2024, calling on a presidential pardon for El Kadi, was signed by notable Algerian figures including Maïssa Bey, Yasmina Khadra, Louisette Ighilahriz, Fellag, Merzak Allouache, Kaouther Adimi, Mohamed Kacimi, Nadia Kaci, Elias Zerhouni, Noureddine Melikechi and Salim Bachi.[29]
References
edit- ^ Mehdi, Mohamed (9 May 2013). "Maghreb Emergent lance officiellement sa Web Radio". Le Quotidien d'Oran (in French). Archived from the original on 30 December 2022. Retrieved 14 January 2024.
- ^ a b c "Algerian journalist Ihsane El Kadi sentenced to five years". Aljazeera. 2 April 2023. Retrieved 19 January 2024.
- ^ a b "Détention confirmée pour la patron de presse Ihsane El Kadi". L'Orient-Le Jour (in French). 16 January 2023. Archived from the original on 3 June 2023. Retrieved 15 January 2024.
- ^ a b El Kadi, Ihsane (1 April 2011). "¿La democracia? Por supuesto que hablaba árabe". Afkar/Ideas (in Spanish). 29. Archived from the original on 9 January 2023. Retrieved 14 January 2024 – via European Institute of the Mediterranean.
- ^ Hachemaoui, Mohammed (May–August 2020). "Algeria: From One Revolution to the Other?" (PDF). Sociétés politiques comparées. 51. Retrieved 14 January 2024 – via FASOPO.
- ^ Fathi, Adel (September–October 2015). "Bachir El-Kadi: Témoignage d'un passeur d'armes". Mémoria (in French). 66: 19–22. Retrieved 14 January 2024 – via Calaméo.
- ^ "Le moudjahid Bachir El-Kadi n'est plus". Liberté (in French). 2 June 2005. Archived from the original on 9 January 2023. Retrieved 14 January 2024.
- ^ Metref, Arezki (February 2019). "Hébétude de la gauche algérienne". Le Monde diplomatique (in French). pp. 22–23. Archived from the original on 10 June 2023. Retrieved 14 January 2024.
- ^ a b c Hage, Clara (30 December 2022). "Ihsane el-Kadi, icône de la presse libre en Algérie". L'Orient-Le Jour (in French). Archived from the original on 2 March 2023. Retrieved 14 January 2024.
- ^ a b Gbadamassi, Falila (11 July 2007). "« Les Afriques »: le nouveau journal de la finance africaine". Afrik.com (in French). Archived from the original on 29 December 2022. Retrieved 14 January 2024.
- ^ a b c Abdelhadi, Magdi (21 February 2023). "Algeria jails journalist Ihsane el-Kadi as old guard asserts power". BBC News. Retrieved 19 January 2024.
- ^ "Algérie : Karim Tabbou et Ihsane El Kadi, deux figures de la contestation arrêtées à deux jours des élections". Le Monde (in French). 10 June 2021. Archived from the original on 27 December 2022. Retrieved 14 January 2024.
- ^ Amrouche, Karim (25 December 2022). "Dernier espace médiatique libre en Algérie, le siège de Radio M a été mis sous scellés". Le Monde (in French). Retrieved 19 January 2024.
- ^ Amrouche, Karim (7 June 2022). "En Algérie, le journaliste Ihsane El-Kadi condamné à six mois de prison ferme". Le Monde (in French). Archived from the original on 25 October 2023. Retrieved 14 January 2024.
- ^ a b c Burke, Jason (16 January 2023). "Daughter of Algerian journalist arrested on Christmas Eve calls for his release". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved 19 January 2024.
- ^ Amrouche, Karim (25 December 2022). "Dernier espace médiatique libre en Algérie, le siège de Radio M a été mis sous scellés". Le Monde (in French). Archived from the original on 25 October 2023. Retrieved 14 January 2024.
- ^ "Détention confirmée pour le patron de presse Ihsane El Kadi". L'Orient-Le Jour (in French). 16 January 2023. Archived from the original on 3 June 2023. Retrieved 14 January 2024.
- ^ "Le patron de presse algérien Ihsane El Kadi sera jugé le 12 mars". L'Orient-Le Jour (in French). 26 February 2023. Archived from the original on 19 March 2023. Retrieved 14 January 2024.
- ^ "Au Burkina Faso, les autorités de transition ordonnent la suspension de France 24". Jeune Afrique (in French). 27 March 2023. Archived from the original on 10 October 2023. Retrieved 14 January 2024.
- ^ "Le patron de presse El Kadi condamné à 3 ans de prison ferme". L'Orient-Le Jour (in French). 2 April 2023. Archived from the original on 8 June 2023. Retrieved 14 January 2024.
- ^ Amrouche, Karim (18 June 2023). "En Algérie, la main lourde de la justice contre Ihsane El Kadi". Le Monde (in French). Archived from the original on 25 October 2023. Retrieved 14 January 2024.
- ^ François, Jean-Baptiste (12 October 2023). "En Algérie, la grâce présidentielle comme dernier espoir pour le journaliste Ihsane El Kadi". La Croix (in French). Archived from the original on 14 January 2024. Retrieved 14 January 2024.
- ^ "Algérie : le journaliste Ihsane El Kadi libéré à la suite d'une grâce présidentielle". Le Monde (in French). 1 November 2024. Retrieved 1 November 2024.
- ^ "RSF saisit l'ONU après l'incarcération d'Ihsane El Kadi en Algérie". Reporters sans frontières (in French). 4 January 2023. Archived from the original on 21 October 2023. Retrieved 15 January 2024.
- ^ "Répression des journalistes en Algérie. Quand l'armée reste une ligne rouge". Orient XXI (in French). 4 January 2023. Archived from the original on 26 September 2023. Retrieved 15 January 2024.
- ^ "Une pétition pour faire libérer un patron de presse Ihsane El Kadi dépasse les 10.000 signatures". L'Orient-Le Jour (in French). 25 February 2023. Archived from the original on 25 February 2023. Retrieved 15 January 2024.
- ^ "Les eurodéputés exigent la libération du patron de presse El Kadi". L'Orient-Le Jour (in French). 11 May 2023. Archived from the original on 11 May 2023. Retrieved 15 January 2024.
- ^ "Arrestation du journaliste Ihsane El Kadi : « L'Algérie est un idéal plus vaste que le cachot qu'elle est en train de devenir »". Le Monde (in French). 30 May 2023. Archived from the original on 15 January 2024. Retrieved 15 January 2024.
- ^ Aichoun, Abdelghani (13 January 2024). "Plusieurs personnalités demandent à Tebboune d'accorder une grâce à Ihsane El Kadi". Interlignes (in French). Archived from the original on 13 January 2024. Retrieved 15 January 2024.
{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link)