Igor Sinyavin (Russian: Игорь Синявин; October 10, 1937 – February 15, 2000) was a Soviet Nonconformist painter. His artistic and written work provides insight into Soviet censorship and struggle for artistic independence.
Igor Sinyavin | |
|---|---|
Синявин Игорь Иванович | |
 | |
| Born | October 10, 1937 Sinyavino, Leningrad Region of Russia |
| Died | February 15, 2000 (aged 62) |
| Nationality | Russian |
| Occupation(s) | Artist, Writer, Activist |
| Years active | 1960s - 1990s |
| Known for | Soviet nonconformist art |
| Style | Constructive Abstractionism |
Early life and education
editIgor Sinyavin (1937-2000) was born in the village of Sinyavino in the Leningrad region of Russia. He studied at the Military Topographic College, the Leningrad State University, later at the Faculty of History at the Department of Art History, but did not graduate.[1]
Nonconformist Art and Prosecution
editAs he was a member of the nonconformist art scene in the USSR, he was often subject to political prosecution. During the 1960s he worked with other nonconformist painters and organized exhibitions in Moscow and Leningrad. He began to independently engage in drawing and painting in 1969, and participated in apartment exhibitions where he discussed the problems of contemporary art.[2]
He presented his art at the Bulldozer Exhibition (September 15, 1974), an unofficial exhibition that ended with several arrests and the destruction of the participants' art.
Since the Bulldozer Exhibition aroused international news coverage and strong public disapproval, and Soviet authorities reluctantly agreed to allow two nonconformist exhibitions.[3] Becoming a prominent member of the Soviet non-conformist art scene, he was on the organizing committee and presented his works in the first Soviet permitted non-conformist exhibitions in the Izmailovsky Park in Moscow (September 29, 1974) and in Leningrad (December 22–25, 1974).[1] During the Leningrad exhibit, Sinyavin presented a blank canvas and invited visitors to sign their names with a marker.[3] This collage of names along with the high attendance demonstrated the public's support for the nonconformist movement and angered the Soviet authorities.[3]
On December 15, 1975, Sinyavin, along with other nonconformist artists and poets, staged a poetry-reading on the Senate Square to commemorate the sesquicentennial of the Decembrists' uprising. Sinyavin was detained by the police.[4]
Emigration to the United States
editIn May 1976, Sinyavin exhibited his works in an unauthorized open-air exhibition and was detained and put under house arrest.[5] The KGB pressured Sinyavin to emigrate in 1976, and he left for Vienna on his way to New York, United States.[6][7] Like most immigrants emigrating from the Soviet Union, he was given an exit visa listing Israel as his destination.[7] He returned to the USSR in 1986.[2]
Style
editSinyavin was a constructive abstractionist.[2] While the Soviet Union only permitted art that pertained Socialist Realism and glorified communist values, his art focused on geometric shapes and patterns. In his memoir, Glas (Russian: Глас), he describes his modernist style "as a force capable of liberating a person and creating a new world of excellence" and one that "brings chaos from the bowels of the subconscious mind."
Authorship
editSinyavin contributed to several political magazines, wrote multiple articles, and published two books. In early 1976, he wrote the almanac "Petersburg Meetings" (Russian: "Петербургские Встречи") for the underground magazine Samizdat, in which he criticized the practices and policies of the Soviet Union.[1] He also wrote the article "To the Creator" (Russian: "Человеку творящему") for Samizdat.
Sinyavin was a member of the editorial board for the magazine "Time Measure" (Russian: "Мера времени") along with Yu. Voznesenskaya, G. Trifonov, and V. Filimonov. He wrote poems and created graphics for the magazine. The KGB disrupted its release.[1]
In 1984, the newspaper Leningradskaya Pravda published his "Letter from There", in which he illustrated and criticized the American way of life and condemned the idea of emigration. After this article was written, Sinyavin came to the USSR and appeared on Soviet press and television.[1]
Books
edit- Glas (Russian: Глас) (1991)
- The Path of Truth (Russian: Стези Правды) (1996)[6]
References
edit- ^ a b c d e "Синявин Игорь Иванович — Электронный архив Центра Андрея Белого". samizdat.wiki. Retrieved 2019-12-24.
- ^ a b c "СИНЯВИН Игорь Иванович ♂ 1937-10-30 - 2000-02-16 СССР, США, Российская Федерация, художник - конструктивный абстракционист, писатель-публицист, идеолог русского неоязычества и русского национализма / SINYAVIN Igor Ivanovich ♂ 1937-10-30 - 2000-02-16 USSR, USA, Russian Federation, the artist - constructive abstractionist, writer-publicist, one of the ideologists of Russian neo-paganism and Russian nationalism". panlog.com. Retrieved 2019-12-23.
- ^ a b c Volkov, Solomon (2010-06-15). St Petersburg: A Cultural History. Simon and Schuster. ISBN 978-1-4516-0315-6.
- ^ Trigos, L. (2009-12-21). The Decembrist Myth in Russian Culture. Springer. ISBN 978-0-230-10471-6.
- ^ "Artists Arrested in Leningrad Show". The New York Times. 1976-05-31. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 2019-12-23.
- ^ a b "Синявин И.И. | Русская Правда" (in Russian). Retrieved 2019-12-23.
- ^ a b "Soviet Artist Emigrates". The New York Times. 1976-09-30. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 2019-12-26.