Iłowo-Osada pronounced [iˈwɔvɔ - ɔˈsada] is a village in Działdowo County, Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship, in northern Poland. It is the seat of the gmina (administrative district) called Gmina Iłowo-Osada.[1] It lies approximately 11 kilometres (7 mi) south-east of Działdowo and 70 km (43 mi) south of the regional capital Olsztyn. It is located in the historic region of Masuria.
Iłowo-Osada | |
|---|---|
Village | |
 Church of Our Lady of the Rosary | |
  Iłowo-Osada | |
| Coordinates: 53°10′1″N 20°17′35″E / 53.16694°N 20.29306°E | |
| Country |  Poland |
| Voivodeship | Warmian-Masurian |
| County | Działdowo |
| Gmina | Iłowo-Osada |
| Population | |
• Total | 2,800 |
| Time zone | UTC+1 (CET) |
| • Summer (DST) | UTC+2 (CEST) |
| Vehicle registration | NDZ |
| Voivodeship roads |  |
History
editInitially, the villages of Iłowo-Osada and Iłowo-Wieś formed one village, simply named Iłowo. It was divided only after 1945. In the late 19th century, the village had an almost entirely Polish population of 416.[2]
World War II
edit
Following the invasion of Poland by Nazi Germany, Iłowo became the location of one of three sub-camps of the Soldau concentration camp in nearby Działdowo. The Iłowo transit camp existed in 1941–45. Prisoners were held at a brick building (pictured) and the adjacent barracks.[3]
Up to 2,000 Polish children 5-years-old and younger were among the prisoners as well as pregnant women-inmates awaiting birth (see also Kidnapping of children by Nazi Germany). The men, including Poles and the Soviets (following Operation Barbarossa), were kept there usually for several days only. Many children belonged to slave labourers already deported to the Third Reich. The children underwent selection for Germanization before being sent to German families. Among those who were not selected death rate was very high. There were no medicines in the camp and no doctors. The food and water were rationed. After giving birth women prisoners were sent back to work camps.[4][5]
In 1940 and 1942, the German gendarmerie and police also carried out expulsions of local Poles, whose houses and workshops were then handed over to German colonists as part of the Lebensraum policy.[6]
Transport
editThere is a train station in the village.
Sports
editThe local football club is Polonia Iłowo. It competes in the lower leagues.
Notable residents
edit- Hans Kummetz (1890-1918), German flying ace
- Oskar Kummetz (1891–1980), German admiral
- Henryk Szordykowski, Polish athlete
References
edit- ^ "Central Statistical Office (GUS) - TERYT (National Register of Territorial Land Apportionment Journal)" (in Polish). 2008-06-01.
- ^ Słownik geograficzny Królestwa Polskiego i innych krajów słowiańskich, Tom III (in Polish). Warsaw. 1882. p. 271.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link) - ^ Obóz przejściowy w Iłowie (Transit camp in Iłowo) Archived 2014-08-15 at the Wayback Machine Info Poland.org 2010. Published by Urząd Gminy Iłowo-Osada.
- ^ Iłowo: warto zobaczyć (Iłowo points of interest) Ilowo.wm.pl, 2010-09-27.
- ^ Iłowo-Osada. Hitlerowski Obóz Przejściowy Soldau (KL) Polska Niezwykła: warmińsko-mazurskie. Przewodnik.
- ^ Wardzyńska, Maria (2017). Wysiedlenia ludności polskiej z okupowanych ziem polskich włączonych do III Rzeszy w latach 1939-1945 (in Polish). Warsaw: IPN. pp. 387, 416. ISBN 978-83-8098-174-4.