Hypotrachyna osseoalba, commonly known as the grainy loop lichen, is a species of foliose lichen in the family Parmeliaceae. It is widely distributed in subtropical and temperate areas of the world. Characteristic features of the lichen include the pustules in its cortex, the somewhat linear shape of the lobes comprising the thallus, and the branched rhizines (holdfasts on the thallus underside).
| Hypotrachyna osseoalba | |
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Scientific classification 
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| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Fungi |
| Division: | Ascomycota |
| Class: | Lecanoromycetes |
| Order: | Lecanorales |
| Family: | Parmeliaceae |
| Genus: | Hypotrachyna |
| Species: | H. osseoalba
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| Binomial name | |
| Hypotrachyna osseoalba | |
| Synonyms[1] | |
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Taxonomy
editIt was first scientifically described by Finnish lichenologist Edvard Vainio in 1921, as Parmelia osseoalba.[2] Yun Sil Park and Mason Hale transferred it to the genus Hypotrachyna in 1989.[1]
The taxon Parmelia formosana, described by Alexander Zahlbruckner in 1934,[3] later became Hypotrachyna formosana after Hale transferred it to Hypotrachyna in 1975.[4] When Hale was later working on a monograph of genus Xanthoparmelia, he studied the type material of Vainio's Parmelia osseoalba, and determined that it was identical both chemically and morphologically to Hypotrachyna formosana. Because of this, the name used by Zahlbruckner became a later synonym of Vainio's name.[1]
In North America, Hypotrachyna osseoalba is commonly known as the "grainy loop lichen".[5]
Chemistry
editSeveral secondary compounds are known to occur in Hypotrachyna osseoalba, including colensoinic acid, norcolensoic acid, physodic acid, lividic acid, 4-O-demethylphysodic acid, oxyphysodic acid, and lichexanthone.[1]
Distribution
editHypotrachyna osseoalba occurs in subtropical and temperate areas of Asia (South Korea, Japan, Taiwan, and Thailand) Australia, Africa, Central America, South America, and the eastern United States.[1]
References
edit- ^ a b c d e Park, Y.S.; Hale, M.E. (1989). "Hypotrachyna osseoalba, the correct name for Hypotrachyna formosana (Parmeliaceae: lichenized Ascomycotina)". Taxon. 38 (1): 88. doi:10.2307/1220900. JSTOR 1220900. S2CID 87467062.
- ^ Vainio, E.A. (1921). "Lichenes in summo monte Doi Sutep (circ. 1675 m.s.m.) in Siam boreali anno 1904 a D:re C.C. Hosseo collecti". Annales Botanici Societatis Zoologicae Botanicae Fennicae "Vanamo" (in Latin). 1 (3): 33–55.
- ^ Zahlbruckner, A. (1934). "Flechten der Insel Formosa". Feddes Repertorium Specierum Novarum Regni Vegetabilis (in German). 33 (1–7): 22–68. doi:10.1002/fedr.19330330103.
- ^ Hale, Mason E. A Revision of the Lichen Genus Hypotrachyna (Parmeliaceae) in Tropical America. Smithsonian Contributions to Botany. Vol. 25. pp. 1–73.
- ^ Brodo, Irwin M.; Sharnoff, Sylvia Duran; Sharnoff, Stephen (2001). Lichens of North America. Yale University Press. p. 358. ISBN 978-0300082494.