Wikipedia

Hudson Super Six

The Hudson Super Six is an automobile that was first manufactured by the Hudson Motor Car Company of Detroit, Michigan in 1916. This initial model remained in production until 1928.

Hudson Super Six
1948-1950 Hudson Super Six
Overview
ManufacturerHudson Motor Car Company
Model years
  • 1916–1928
  • 1933
  • 1940–1942
  • 1946–1951
AssemblyDetroit, MI, United States
Body and chassis
ClassFull-size car
LayoutFR layout
Chronology
Successor
  • Hudson Model R "Greater Hudson" (1929)
  • Hudson Wasp (1952)

The nameplate was revived for a rebadged Essex for 1933 (single model year).

The model name returned from 1940 until 1951, aside from the suspension during World War II. The 1951s were called "Hudson Super Custom Six".

First generation (1916)

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The first Hudson Super Six was introduced on 16 January 1916. Also known as the Series H, the Super Six was an early performance car. Its 288.5 cu in (4.7 L) inline-six developed 76 hp (57 kW), compared to the 40 hp (30 kW) of the equally dimensioned engine fitted to the contemporary Hudson Model Six-40.[1]

Before its introduction, Super Sixes made a series of speed runs on a track in Long Island, NY, followed by a new record transcontinental run (San Francisco to New York in 5 days, 3 hours, and 31 minutes - returning after an eight-hour break), a stock chassis speed record at Daytona Beach, a record at Pikes Peak, and the stock chassis 24-hour record at an average speed of 74.9 mph (120.5 km/h). The last record stood until 1931, when a Marmon took it.[1]

First retractable hardtop

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A 1919 Super Six roadster was modified by inventor, Ben P. Ellerbeck, to demonstrate his retractable hardtop roof design.[2] Ellerbeck was granted a patent (No. 1,379,906) on 31 May 1921 and built several scale models to show at the 1922 Automobile Body Builders Exhibition in New York City.[3] Ellerbeck's "flip top' on the Hudson was operated a crank handle located at the rear of the passenger door.[4] When fully lowered, the roof was positioned behind the rear trunk and thus did not impede luggage capacity.[5] When raised, the front of the top went over the windshield giving the appearance of a large air scoop.[2]

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Automobiles are significant to the context of John Steinbecks novel The Grapes of Wrath. Steinbeck wanted readers to understand class and social standing by including specific makes and models in the novel.[6] The make and condition of the cars are important to the people who took the journey to California as well as revealing a family's socioeconomic status.[7] In The Grapes of Wrath, the Joad family depends on a 1926 Hudson Super Six sedan converted into a truck.[8] It is now difficult for contemporary readers to place cars such as Hudson Super Six in a meaningful social context.[6]

In the 1940 filmatization, the car used is a 1926 Super Six.[9] This car was put into storage after filming ended.[10] After having been discovered in a dilapidated condition, it was converted into a Speedster in 2009.[11]


  •  
    The 24-hour record-setting special-bodied 1916 Hudson Super Six
  •  
    1917 production car (Series J Phaeton)
  •  
    1917 open-drive limousine

Second generation (1927)

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For 1927, the Hudson Super Six received a complete redesign including a new F-head engine, 18-inch wood spoke wheels (rather than 21 inches), and four-wheel brakes.[12] The car was lower and generally more stylish, and power increased from 76 to 92 hp (57 to 69 kW). The lower-cost Model R utilized on a 118+1⁄2 in (3,010 mm) wheelbase, while that of the Model S was 127+3⁄8 in (3,240 mm) in length. Two standard bodies were available, a two-door Coach and a four-door Sedan. The Model O was also available with five different Custom body styles, made by Biddle and Smart of Massachusetts.[12] The engine was updated in July 1927, with a new manifold and a different head design, including the relocation of the spark plugs and intake valves. Hudson chose not to increase the claimed power, but many consider the stated output to be very conservative.[12]

In 1927, Essex also chose the Super Six label for their cars, while aligning their design with that of the larger Hudsons.[13] Essex kept calling their cars Super Sixes in 1928 and off and on until 1932.[14]

For 1928, the Model O and Model S continued with some styling changes, including a taller and slimmer radiator, larger, more oval headlights, and vertical louvers on the hood. Also new was a standard-bodied Coupe on the Model S chassis, as well as a Biddle and Smart-bodied roadster on the same short wheelbase. Murphy Body of Pasadena designed the custom bodies used on the Model O, although Hudson chose Biddle and Smart to build these designs.[15]

For 1929 the Super Six badge was dropped in favor of the "Greater Hudson" label, and for 1930 all Hudsons had eight-cylinder engines. The 1929 R and L models' wheelbases were stretched by about four inches, the wheels were changed to 19-inch wire wheels, but they carried over the Super Six engine as well as the Murphy-designed/Biddle and Smart-made bodies.[12]

Third generation (1933)

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1933 Hudson Super-Six Pacemaker Sedan, a rebadged Essex sold for a single year

Hudson's lower-positioned sister brand Essex had been using the "Super Six" name since the 1928 model year. The fading Essex brand began in 1932 selling their cars as the "Greater Essex Super-Six," then the "Essex Super-Six Pacemaker", and finally as simply the "Essex Pacemaker."[14]

This car, largely unchanged, was also marketed as the Hudson Super-Six "Pacemaker" in 1933 only, in parallel with the lower-priced Essex-Terraplane, which was kept in production (minus the "Essex" moniker) for 1934.[16]

While the low-cost Essex-Terraplane utilized a 106 in (2,700 mm) wheelbase, the Series E Hudson Super-Six was 113 inches (2,900 mm). The 193.1 cu in (3.2 L) engine produced 73 or 80 hp (54 or 60 kW) depending on the compression ratio.[17]

Fourth generation (1940)

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1947 Hudson Super Six convertible
 
1950 Hudson Super Six four-door sedan with right-hand-drive

For the 1940 model year, Hudson reintroduced the "Super Six" nameplate again. This time it sat on a six-cylinder version of the new Hudson Eight, sharing that car's 118 in (3,000 mm) wheelbase. This was five inches longer than that of the regular Hudson Six, which was available as either the Traveler or DeLuxe. The regular Six was called Series 40T and 40P respectively, whereas the Super Six was Series 41. The Super Six also received a larger, 212 cu in (3.5 L) engine with 102 hp (76 kW), ten more than the Hudson Six. This engine was also shared with the large Hudson Country Club Six, with its 125 in (3,200 mm) wheelbase, as well as the Hudson Big Boy series of commercial vehicles.

Body styles were initially a three-passenger Coupe or a five-passenger Victoria Coupe (sharing the same sheetmetal), continuing with a two- or four-door Touring Sedan, and culminating with a two-door Convertible Coupe as well as the two-door Convertible Sedan (seating five people).

Marking the period move towards envelope styling and away from separate fenders, all versions could be had with or without running boards at no extra cost.[18]

The 1941 model year brought a synchronized transmission and electrically controlled overdrive.[19]

References

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  1. ^ a b Kowalke, Ron, ed. (1999). Standard Catalog of Independents: The Struggle to Survive Among Giants. Iola, WI: Krause Publications. p. 49. ISBN 0-87341-569-8. Retrieved 14 January 2024.
  2. ^ a b Gosden, W.E. (April 1979). "The first Fliptop? Ellerbeck had a Better Idea". Special Interest Autos. pp. 20–21.
  3. ^ Creager, Reid (February 2022). "Going Like 100: the convertible celebrates a milestone birthday, all started by an uncelebrated inventor" (PDF). Inventors Digest. Vol. 38, no. 2. pp. 14–16. Retrieved 14 January 2024.
  4. ^ "Hudson: First "Hardtop Convertible" Trendsetter". HET Club. 13 February 2012. Retrieved 15 January 2024.
  5. ^ "Top Acrobatics: The Saga of the Disappearing Hardtop". velocetoday.com. 17 March 2015. Retrieved 14 January 2024.
  6. ^ a b Taalomi, Seena. "Luxury Cars · Automobiles in The Grapes of Wrath · Grapes of Wrath". grapesofwrath.sfsuenglishdh.net. Retrieved 14 January 2024.
  7. ^ DeLucia, Laura (2014). "Positioning Steinbeck's Automobiles: Class and Cars in The Grapes of Wrath". The Steinbeck Review. 11 (2): 138–154. doi:10.5325/steinbeckreview.11.2.0138. Retrieved 14 January 2024 – via JSTOR.
  8. ^ Zwart, Elizabeth Clarkson (16 April 1939). ""The Grapes of Wrath" review". The Des Moines Register. p. 35. Retrieved 14 January 2024 – via newspapers.com.
  9. ^ "Hudson Super Six in "The Grapes of Wrath"". IMCDb.org. 1 September 2007. Retrieved 14 January 2024.
  10. ^ Edsall, Larry (31 January 2010). "'The Grapes of Wrath' Car Gets a Redo". The New York Times. Retrieved 14 January 2024.
  11. ^ Edsall, Larry (28 January 2010). "'Grapes of Wrath' Speedster: A Bit of History and Whimsy". Wheels Blog. Retrieved 14 January 2024.
  12. ^ a b c d Standard Catalog of Independents, pp. 53-54
  13. ^ Standard Catalog of Independents, p. 84
  14. ^ a b Standard Catalog of Independents, p. 86
  15. ^ "1929 Hudson Model L Club Sedan by Biddle and Smart" (Auction Description). Hershey, PA: RM Auctions/Sothebys. October 2011. Archived from the original on 18 October 2017.
  16. ^ Donnelly, Jim (September 2005). "Rolling Sculpture – 1942 Hudson Super Six Wagon". Hemmings Classic Car. Archived from the original on 25 October 2019.
  17. ^ Standard Catalog of Independents, p. 56
  18. ^ 1940 Hudson: A New Low Cost for Luxury (PDF) (Sales Brochure), Hudson Motor Car Company, 1939, pp. 10–13, Form No. 612-A
  19. ^ https://archive.org/details/sim_consumer-reports_1941-02_6_2/page/40/mode/2up Consumers Union Reports, Vol. 6, Iss. 2, February 1941, p. 41

Source: Slauson, H.W.; Greene, Howard (1926). "Leading American Motor Cars". Everyman's Guide to Motor Efficiency. New York: Leslie-Judge.

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