Hongxi (Chinese: 弘晳; 25 August 1694 – 26 October 1742) was a Qing imperial prince. He was the second son of Crown Prince Yunreng, and through him the grandson of the Kangxi Emperor. His mother was Lady Ligiya,[1] Yunreng's secondary consort.
| Hongxi 弘晳 | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Prince Li of the First Rank 和碩理親王 | |||||
| Head of the House of Prince Li peerage | |||||
| Tenure | 1723–1739 | ||||
| Predecessor | peerage created Yunreng (awarded posthumously) | ||||
| Successor | Hongwei | ||||
| Born | Hongxi (弘晳) 25 August 1694 康熙三十三年甲戌七月初五日辰時 Forbidden City, Beijing | ||||
| Died | 26 October 1742 (aged 48) 乾隆七年九月二十八日卯時 Beijing | ||||
| Consorts | Lady Ulanghan | ||||
| Issue | See § Family | ||||
| |||||
| House | Aisin Gioro | ||||
| Father | Crown Prince Yunreng | ||||
| Mother | Secondary Consort, of the Ligiya clan | ||||
Hongxi is most well known for leading five other princes in a failed coup in 1739. The plotters wanted to remove the Qianlong Emperor and enthrone Hongxi instead.
Life
editHongxi was born on July 25, 1694. Hongxi was cultivated by his grandfather the Kangxi Emperor since childhood.[citation needed] He was adopted by Imperial Princess Consort Limi, of the Gūwalgiya clan.
In 1714, King Sukjong of Joseon sent envoys to the Qing court. They reported that: "Hongxi is quite virtuous, it is difficult to abolish Yunreng."[2][circular reference]
Hongxi was a favorite of Kangxi's. In 1722, a palace rumour claimed that the Kangxi Emperor would grant a special title of Prince to Hongxi.[3][4]
After his uncle, Yinzhen, became the Yongzheng Emperor, Hongxi was awarded with the title of Prince Li.[5] The relationship between Yongzheng and Hongxi was harmonious.[6][7] He held the title Prince Li of the Second Rank from 1723 to 1728, and was promoted to Prince Li of the First Rank in 1728.
Hongxi organised an unsuccessful coup d'etat against Qianlong in 1739, Along with Hongxi the conspirators included five other princes: Hongsheng, Hongpu, Hongchang, Hongjiao and Yunlu.[8] He was stripped of his title, banished from the Aisin Gioro clan, and imprisoned at the Eastern Garden near Jingshan park. Later, he was forced to change his name to Syšilio (Manchu: ᠰᡟᡧᡳᠯᡳᠣ). "Syšilio" is a Manchu transliterating words of a Chinese word Sìshíliù (Chinese: 四十六), which can be translated as "forty-six" in English. Hongxi was forty-six years old during the rebellion he organised, Qianlong used this method to humiliate him.
In 1778, Hongxi was restored to the Aisin Gioro clan and had his name changed back from "Syšilio" to "Hongxi".
Family
editParents:
- Father: Yunreng, Prince Limi of the First Rank.
- Biological Mother: Secondary Consort, of the Ligiya clan (側福晉 李佳氏)
- Adoptive Mother: Imperial Princess Consort Limi, of the Gūwalgiya clan (和碩亲王福晋 瓜爾佳氏; d. July/August 1718)
Consorts and issues:
- Primary Consort of the Kharchin Ulanghan clan (科爾沁部烏朗罕濟爾默氏)[9]
- Yongchen (永琛; 1712–1766), Second-class imperial guard (二等侍衛), first son
- Yonglin (永琳; 1714–1739), second son
- Concubine, of the Zhao clan (兆氏)
- Yongmei (永玫; 1714–1788), third son
- Yongshao (永玿; 1720–1762), eight son
- Yonghuai (永淮; 1728–1793), Third rank military official (護軍參領), fourteenth son
- Fourth daughter
- Concubine, of the Qiang clan (強氏)
- Yongxun (永珣; 1714–1756), Third-class imperial guard (三等侍衛), fourth son
- Sixth son (1718–1719)
- Yongju (永琚; 1720–1765), ninth son
- Yongtian (永琠; 1721–1772), tenth son
- Yongji (永積; 1734–1754), seventeenth son
- Lady of the Second Rank (县君), first daughter
- Married Tsewangjab of the Gorlosi (郭尔罗斯氏) clan in 1728
- Lady of the First Rank (郡君), twelfth daughter
- Concubine, of the Zhang clan (章氏)
- Second daughter
- Married Dondob of the Naiman Borjigin clan
- Third daughter
- Sixteenth Daughter
- Second daughter
- Concubine, of the Yuan clan (袁氏)
- Sixteenth son (1730–1732)
- Concubine, of the Zhang clan (張氏)
- Yongjin (永瑾; 1717–1777), fifth son
- Yongting (永珽; 1719–1751, seventh son
- Eleventh son (1723–1723)
- Yongguan ( 永瓘; 1724–1800), twelfth son
- Yongpei (永珮; 1726–1763), thirteenth so
- Fifteenth son (1730–1732)
- Eighteenth son (1739–1754)
- Concubine, of the Wang (王氏)
Ancestry
edit| Hong Taiji (1592–1643) | |||||||||||||||||||
| Shunzhi Emperor (1638–1661) | |||||||||||||||||||
| Empress Xiaozhuangwen (1613–1688) | |||||||||||||||||||
| Kangxi Emperor (1654–1722) | |||||||||||||||||||
| Tulai (1606–1658) | |||||||||||||||||||
| Empress Xiaokangzhang (1638–1663) | |||||||||||||||||||
| Lady Gioro | |||||||||||||||||||
| Crown Prince Yunreng | |||||||||||||||||||
| Sonin (1601–1667) | |||||||||||||||||||
| Gabula (d.1681) | |||||||||||||||||||
| Empress Xiaochengren (1654–1674) | |||||||||||||||||||
| Hongxi (1694–1742) | |||||||||||||||||||
| Secondary consort, of the Lingiya clan | |||||||||||||||||||
See also
editReferences
edit- ^ 《世宗憲皇帝實錄》, Volume 27: ''Yongzheng awarded Hongxi mother: ''Hongxi's mother has served the second elder brother for many years, and she is very honest and conscientious. ... give them houses and dwellings and enrich them with food and clothing for the rest of the year.''
- ^ 朝鲜王朝李朝实录
- ^ 《朝鲜李朝實錄》卷十。康熙六十一年：「康熙皇帝在暢春苑病劇，知其不能起，召閣老馬齊言曰：『第四子雍親王胤禛最賢，我死後立為嗣皇。胤禛第二子有英雄氣象，必封為太子』──(進一步解釋)仍以为君不易之道，平治天下之要，训诫胤禛，解脱其头项所挂念珠与胤禛曰：『此乃顺治皇帝临终时赠朕之物，今我赠尔，有意存焉，尔其知之』。又曰：『廢太子允礽、皇長子允禔性行不順，依前拘囚，豐其衣食，以終其身。廢太子第二子朕所鍾愛，其特封為親王』，言迄而逝.
- ^ 《上谕内阁(四库全书本)》
- ^ 《雍正朝汉文谕旨汇编》《世宗憲皇帝實錄》康熙六十一年十一月十四日，谕內閣，……二阿哥之子弘晳，封为郡王。
- ^ "理親王弘晳《雍正朝滿文硃批奏摺全譯》".
- ^ 《雍正朝漢文硃批奏摺彙編》.
- ^ Manuscripts of Qing History.
- ^ Her mother was Princess Duanjing of the Second Rank, the fifth daughter of the Kangxi Emperor.