Sir Henry Spurrier (16 June 1898 – 17 June 1964), also known as Henry Spurrier III, was a British engineer and industrialist, and the third generation of the Spurrier family to head Leyland Motors.[1]
Henry Spurrier I and II
editSpurrier's grandfather, also Henry, was one of the two Spurrier brothers who founded a company in 1896 to produce steam powered, and later petrol powered, commercial vehicles. The company was renamed Leyland Motors in 1907.
Spurrier's father, another Henry, spent several years in the United States working as a cowboy and as a draughtsman (at the Florida Central and Peninsula Railway). He became chairman and managing director of Leyland Motors in 1918, where his American wife assisted with the finances.[2]
Henry Spurrier II's period in charge saw a series of a disastrous decisions, including an attempt to increase the value of Leyland vehicles by purchasing large quantities of war surplus stock, and inviting onto the board two men who subsequently turned out to be a bankrupt and a swindler. The latter devised a reorganization that increased the company's capital without diluting the Spurrier family shareholding, but in doing so accidentally cancelled a huge tax refund. The company's financial position rapidly worsened until it could only pay its debts with new loans from Henry I and II. The younger Henry was distracted by an affair and Leyland's chief creditor, the Manchester and Liverpool District Bank, thought he had more interest in his yachting hobby than the car business. In May 1922, the bank insisted on a board reorganization that transferred key responsibilities to new directors; by New Year 1924 he had been removed as chairman.[2][3][4]
Biography
editSpurrier (Henry III) was educated at Repton School, and started working life as an apprentice in his grandfather's firm. During World War I he was a pilot lieutenant with the Royal Flying Corps, serving in Mesopotamia and the Middle East, where he contracted typhoid and dysentery, and India. His digestive system was permanently damaged and he survived for much of his life on scrambled eggs as he dealt with a succession of major stomach problems.[1][5]
Immediately after the war Spurrier involved himself in car development, working with the chief engineer at Leyland Motors, J.G. Parry-Thomas and with his assistant Reid Railton. They produced a luxury touring car, the Leyland Eight, with which they intended to compete with Rolls-Royce. It was exhibited at the 1920 London motor show, but only a few handfuls were ever built due to the company's financial woes. This period was a formative experience, giving him a lifelong concern for cost control and a tendency to fear the worst when assessing the firm's future prospects.[2]
In World War II, Leyland Motors manufactured tanks, including the Centaur tank. Spurrier and W. A. Robotham of Rolls-Royce agreed in 1940 that the current Nuffield Liberty L-12 tank engine was unreliable and underpowered; a Rolls-Royce team under Robotham and with three of Spurrier's best designers developed the Meteor tank engine from the Merlin aero engine.[6]
After his father's death, Spurrier progressed to become general manager in the mid-1940s and managing director of Leyland Motors in 1949. He sought to expand the company from a position of strength, keeping a firm grip on costs and profits. Several firms entered into negotiations as acquisition or merger targets before Spurrier's caution brought the deal to a halt.[7]
The 1950s were a period of stability as the company continued its frugal profitability under a triumvirate: Spurrier was in overall charge (knighted in 1955 and chairman from 1957), but his proteges Stanley Markland and Donald Stokes ran the firm's production and marketing respectively.[5] Under this leadership Leyland Motors acquired Standard Triumph in 1961 and Associated Commercial Vehicles, the parent company of major rivals AEC in 1962; the newly enlarged company became the Leyland Motor Corporation (LMC), and a car producer once again.
Spurrier retired in 1963 and died twelve months later in June 1964.[8] Donald Stokes, his appointed successor, originally a Leyland student apprentice and managing director of Leyland Motors Limited since 1962 was to take his place as chairman in 1966.
Notes and References
edit- ^ a b Trevor Boyns, 'Spurrier, Sir Henry (1898–1964)', Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, Oxford University Press, 2004 accessed 1 May 2010
- ^ a b c Turner, Graham (1971). The Leyland Papers. London: Eyre & Spottiswoode. pp. 13–14, 17–19. ISBN 0413280209.
- ^ Swinson, Chris (2019). "Surviving Near Death: The financial survival of Leyland Motors in the 1920s" (PDF). Leyland Torque. 11 (85). The Leyland Society: 28–29, 33–34.
- ^ Exactly when Henry II lost his posts is disputed. Turner seems to place the board changes in or shortly after August 1922 and says (p.17): "Henry Spurrier II was removed as chairman (he remained managing director)". Swinson says (p.33): "in May 1922 ... the surviving Leyland directors, Henry Spurrier junior ... were left with their executive responsibilities". He has a photo of the Directors' Report distributed on 24 May 1922, with the new directors already listed and Henry II still chairman. He describes a further reorganization (p.34): "...Liardet’s appointment at the end of 1923 as general manager in place of Basil Nixon who became deputy to Henry Spurrier as managing director. A few weeks later, John Toulmin replaced Henry Spurrier as chairman."
- ^ a b Turner, p.34-35.
- ^ Robotham, William Arthur (1970). Silver Ghosts and Silver Dawn. London: Constable. pp. 130, 131.
- ^ Turner, pp.21, 27-28, 34.
- ^ Obituary, Sir Henry Spurrier, The Times, Friday, 19 Jun 1964; pg. 17; Issue 56042
Further reading
edit- King, Peter (1989). The Motor Men: Pioneers of the British Car Industry. Quiller Press. ISBN 1-870948-23-8.
- "Leyland". British Motor Manufacturers. Archived from the original on 9 April 2005. Retrieved 20 June 2006.
- "John Godfrey Parry Thomas". Retrieved 20 June 2006.