Helicobasidium longisporum is a species of fungus in the subdivision Pucciniomycotina. Basidiocarps (fruit bodies) are corticioid (patch-forming) and are typically violet to purple. Microscopically they have auricularioid (laterally septate) basidia.[1] Helicobasidium longisporum is an opportunistic plant pathogen and is one of the causes of violet root rot of crops and other plants.[2] DNA sequencing suggests that it is a complex of more than one species.[3]
| Helicobasidium longisporum | |
|---|---|
Scientific classification 
| |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Fungi |
| Division: | Basidiomycota |
| Class: | Pucciniomycetes |
| Order: | Helicobasidiales |
| Family: | Helicobasidiaceae |
| Genus: | Helicobasidium |
| Species: | H. longisporum
|
| Binomial name | |
| Helicobasidium longisporum Wakef. (1917)
| |
| Synonyms | |
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Helicobasidium | |
Taxonomy
editHelicobasidium longisporum was first described from Uganda in 1917 by British mycologist Elsie Wakefield to accommodate a species similar to Helicobasidium purpureum but with elongated basidiospores. It was found parasitizing roots of cocoa (Theobroma cacao).[4] A similarly long-spored Japanese taxon was described as H. mompa f. macrosporum and a further long-spored species was subsequently described from Indonesia as H. compactum. All three were considered conspecific in a 1999 study.[1]
In 1955 Japanese mycologist Seiya Ito synonymized H. mompa f. macrosporum and H. compactum with a short-spored species, Helicobasidium mompa.[1] As a result, at least some subsequent references to H. mompa refer to a long—spored species.[5]
Initial molecular research, based on cladistic analysis of DNA sequences, indicates that at least two species occur in the H.longisporum complex, one in Europe (together with its Tuberculina anamorph) and one in Africa and the Americas (also with its anamorph).[3]
Description
editBasidiocarps are corticioid smooth, membranaceous, purple to purple-brown. Microscopically the hyphae are easily visible, 5–8 μm diam., brownish-purple, and lack clamp connections. Basidia are tubular, curved or crook-shaped, and auricularioid (laterally septate). Basidiospores are elongated clavate, mostly 16–25 x 4.5–6 μm.[1]
Distribution
editHelicobasidium longisporum has been recorded from both temperate and tropical areas of Africa, America, Asia, Australia, and Europe.[1][3][6][7] It is reported to cause violet root rot of various crops[8] and a similar collar rot or collar canker of coffee trees.[9]
References
edit- ^ a b c d e Roberts P. (1999). Rhizoctonia-forming fungi. Kew: Royal Botanic Gardens. p. 239. ISBN 978-1-900347-69-3.
- ^ Russell, P. E. (May 1996). "Fungus Diseases of Tropical Crops, by P. Holliday. xv + 607 pp. Mineola, NY, USA: Dover Publications (1995). ISBN 0 486 68647 7". The Journal of Agricultural Science. 126 (3): 377. doi:10.1017/s0021859600075043. ISSN 0021-8596. S2CID 84859074.
- ^ a b c Lutz M, Bauer R, Begerow D, Oberwinkler F (2004). "Tuberculina-Thanatophytum/Rhizoctonia crocorum-Helicobasidium: a unique mycoparasitic-phytoparasitic life strategy". Mycol Res. 108: :227–238. doi:10.1017/s0953756204009359. PMID 15185975.
- ^ Wakefield EM (1917). "Fungi exotici: XXIII". Kew Bulletin of Miscellaneous Information. 9/10: 308–314. doi:10.2307/4113577.
- ^ Nakamura H, Ikeda K, Arakawa M, Akahira T, Matsumoto N (2004). "A comparative study of the violet root rot fungi, Helicobasidium brebissonii and H. mompa, from Japan". Mycological Research. 108: 641–648. doi:10.1017/S0953756204009785.
- ^ Reid DA (1975). "Helicobasidium compactum in Britain". Transactions of the British Mycological Society. 64: 159–162. doi:10.1016/S0007-1536(75)80090-8.
- ^ Rödel T. "Die Schneckenbasidien Helicobasidium compactum und H. brebissonii - zwei seltene Vertreter aus der Ordnung der Auriculariales" (PDF). Boletus. 19 (2): 34–39.
- ^ Uetake Y, Arakawa M, Nakamura H, Akahira T, Sayama A, Cheah L, Okabe I, Matsumoto N (2002). "Genetic relationships among violet root rot fungi as revealed by hyphal anastomosis and sequencing of the rDNA ITS regions". Fungal Biology. 106: 156–163. doi:10.1017/S0953756201005408.
{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - ^ Waller JM, Bigger M, Hillocks RJ, editors (2007). Coffee pests, diseases and their management. CABI. p. 434. ISBN 978-1-84593-129-2.