Heineman is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
- Benjamin W. Heineman (1914–2012), American railroad executive
- Benjamin W. Heineman, Jr. (born 1944), American journalist, lawyer and business executive
- Dannie Heineman (1872–1962), Belgian-American engineer and businessman
- Dave Heineman (born 1948), American politician and 39th governor of Nebraska
- Fred Heineman (1929–2010), American politician from North Carolina
- Laurie Heineman (born 1948), American actress and teacher
- Rebecca Heineman (born 1963), American video game programmer
- Scott Heineman (born 1992), American professional baseball player
- Tyler Heineman (born 1991), American professional baseball player