Hasan Mahsum (or Hassan Makhdum), also known as Abu-Muhammad al-Turkestani and Ashan Sumut, was an Uyghur militant who was the leader of the Turkistan Islamic Party, an Islamic extremist group suspected of having ties with Al Qaeda.[2] He was shot dead in a counter-terrorism operation on October 2, 2003 by the Pakistani Army.[3]
Hasan Mahsum | |
|---|---|
 Mahsum in 2000 | |
| Emir of the Turkistan Islamic Party | |
| In office September 1997 – 2 October 2003 | |
| Preceded by | Position established |
| Succeeded by | Abdul Haq al-Turkistani |
| Personal details | |
| Born | 1964 Shule County, Kashgar, Xinjiang, China |
| Died | October 2, 2003 (aged 38–39) South Waziristan, Pakistan[1] |
| Occupation | Militant/religious leader |
| Hasan Mahsum | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Chinese name | |||||||
| Traditional Chinese | 艾山·買合蘇木 | ||||||
| Simplified Chinese | 艾山·买合苏木 | ||||||
| |||||||
| Uyghur name | |||||||
| Uyghur | ھەسەن مەخسۇم Hesen Mexsum | ||||||
Political activities
editAbdul Hameed, Abdul Azeez Makhdoom and Abdul Hakeem Makhdoom launched the Islamic Party of Turkistan in 1940.[4] After being set free from prison in 1979, Abdul Hakeem founded a number of religious schools, including one in Karghalik, at which Hasan Mahsum studied from 1984 to 1989.[5][6]
Mahsum, a native of Shule (Kunixar) County, became involved with the East Turkestan independence movement early in his life; in his late 20s, he was already a lecturer at a training camp in Yecheng County, preaching Jihad and advocating the use of violence against Chinese authorities.[7] He was arrested in October 1993 by the Chinese police for terrorist activities and sentenced to three years of re-education through labour.[8]
iN 1997, Hasan Mahsum and Abudukadir Yapuquan established the East Turkistan Islamic Party (ETIP).[9][10] After fleeing China in 1997 to Mecca, Mahsum joined the Taliban[11] and lived in Afghanistan and Pakistan; he held an Afghan passport issued by the Taliban. In early 1999, he was said to have met with Osama bin Laden, who offered him US$300,000 of financial assistance for the East Turkestan Islamic Movement in the following year;[12] Mahsum himself denied any connection with bin Laden.[13] The Chinese government has accused him of directing a series of violent terrorist activities including robbery and murder in Ürümqi on February 4, 1999 and violent murders in the Khotan region on December 14, 1999;[14] it is believed that these attacks were carried out by an operative of his named Mutalif Kasim.[7]
Uyghur detainees at Guantanamo bay have confessed that they were trained by Abdul Haq and Hassan Mahsum in Afghanistan, Abdul Haq was the leader who threatened terror attacks on the 2008 Beijing Olympics, sits on the Shura Council of al-Qaeda, and subscribes to the methodology of al-Qaeda.[15]
Death
editChinese, Pakistani, and US officials confirmed that Mahsum was shot dead in an early-morning raid on a suspected al-Qaeda training camp by the Pakistan Army in South Waziristan, near the Afghan border, on October 2, 2003.[16] The Pakistani army attacked an al-Qaeda hideout in South Waziristan near the border with Afghanistan on 2 October 2003, shooting and killing eight terrorists, including Mahsum. The Beijing News and International Herald Leader initially reported that the United States worked with Pakistan in a joint counter-terrorism operation, but Major General Shaukat Sultan, a spokesman for the Pakistani military, denied U.S. military involvement. Sultan said "DNA tests were conducted to determine it was him." The Chinese government assisted in identifying his body.[3]
References
edit- ^ Joscelyn, Thomas (October 9, 2008). "Evaluating the Uighur Threat". The Long War Journal. Foundation for Defense of Democracy.
- ^ "Uyghur Separatist Denies Links to Taliban, Al-Qaeda". Radio Free Asia. 2002-01-28. Archived from the original on 2009-07-15.
- ^ a b "Chinese militant "shot dead"". BBC News. 2003-12-23. Retrieved 2007-01-27.
- ^ Arabinda Acharya; Rohan Gunaratna; Wang Pengxin (22 June 2010). Ethnic Identity and National Conflict in China. Palgrave Macmillan. pp. 53–. ISBN 978-0-230-10787-8.
- ^ Arabinda Acharya; Rohan Gunaratna; Wang Pengxin (22 June 2010). Ethnic Identity and National Conflict in China. Palgrave Macmillan. pp. 54–. ISBN 978-0-230-10787-8.
- ^ Thakkar, Mona (2023-02-18). "TIP in their own words – an interview with Abdusalam at-Turkistani, deputy leader of Turkistan Islamic Party" (PDF). Islamic Theology of Counter Terrorism (ITCT). Retrieved 2023-04-30.
- ^ a b Sichor, Yitzhak (2006). "Fact and Fiction: A Chinese Documentary on Eastern Turkestan Terrorism" (PDF). China and Eurasia Forum Quarterly. 4 (2). Central Asia-Caucasus Institute and Silk Road Studies Program: 89–108. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2007-09-28. Retrieved 2006-12-15.
- ^ "FM spokesman confirms death of wanted terrorist". People's Daily. 2003-12-25. Retrieved 2006-12-15.
- ^ "China: The Evolution of ETIM". Stratfor.com. 13 May 2008. Retrieved 13 May 2016.
- ^ Rohan Gunaratna; Aviv Oreg (1 July 2015). The Global Jihad Movement. Rowman & Littlefield Publishers. pp. 244–. ISBN 978-1-4422-4542-6.
- ^ "الصينيون الأويغور... "انغماسيّو أردوغان" الجدد". أسرار. 2015-05-19. Archived from the original on 2016-01-24.
- ^ Raman. B (2005-01-27). "Paper no. 1232: Explosions in Xinjiang". South Asia Analysis Group. Archived from the original on 2007-09-27. Retrieved 2006-12-15.
- ^ Mackerras, Colin (Winter 2004). "Ethnicity in China: The Case of Xinjiang". Harvard Asia Quarterly. Archived from the original on 2006-11-28. Retrieved 2006-12-15.
- ^ "Spokesperson's remarks on the Death of Hasan Mahsum, Head of the "East Turkistan Islamic Movement"" (Press release). Embassy of the People's Republic of China in the United States of America. 2003-10-24. Retrieved 2006-12-15.
- ^ Joscelyn, Thomas (21 April 2009). "The Uighurs, in their own words". The Long War Journal.
- ^ "Pakistan Army Kills 12 In Offensive Against Al-Qaida". Dow Jones International News. 2003-10-02.