Haplogroup GHIJK, defined by the SNPs M3658, F1329, PF2622, and YSC0001299,[3] is a common Y-chromosome haplogroup. This macrohaplogroup and its subclades contain the vast majority of the world's existing male population.
| Haplogroup GHIJK | |
|---|---|
| Possible time of origin | approx. 49,000-59,000 BP+ BCE (i.e. similar to estimates for F and G)[1] |
| Possible place of origin | South Asia, or Southeast Asia[2] |
| Ancestor | F (F-M89) |
| Descendants | G, HIJK |
| Defining mutations | M3658/F1329/PF2622/YSC0001299, CTS2254/M3680/PF2657, FGC2045/Z12203[3] |
Phylogeny
editGHIJK is the major clade of Haplogroup F (F-M89). It branches subsequently into two direct descendants: Haplogroup G (M201/PF2957) and Haplogroup HIJK (F929/M578/PF3494/S6397). The other haplotypes of Haplogroup F are F1, F2, and F3.
Subclades of GHIJK, under the HIJK lineage, include: H (L901/M2939) and IJK (F-L15). The downstream descendants of Haplogroup IJK include the major haplogroups I, J, K, L, M, N, O, P, Q, R, S and T.
Distribution
editThe basal paragroup GHIJK* has not been identified in living males or ancient remains.
Populations with high proportions of descendant haplogroups were predominant, before the modern era, in males across widely-dispersed areas and populations. These include:
- the Caucasus and West Asia (e. g. haplogroups G, J, and R);
- South Asia (e. g. haplogroups H, J, L, and R);
- Europe (e. g. haplogroups G, I, J, Q, R and N);
- East Asia, Southeast Asia and Oceania (e.g. haplogroups K, M, N, P, O, S)
- Central Asia (e. g. haplogroups J, P, Q, and R) and;
- most Native American peoples (e. g. haplogroup Q and R)
Footnotes
edit- ^ "www.nature.com" (PDF).
- ^ Hallast, Pille; et al. (2021). "A Southeast Asian origin for present-day non-African human Y chromosomes". Human Genetics. 140 (2): 299–307. doi:10.1007/s00439-020-02204-9. PMC 7864842. PMID 32666166. S2CID 253976067.
- ^ a b ISOGG, 2015, Y-DNA Haplogroup F and its Subclades - 2015 (8 September 2015).
See also
editGenetics
edit- Conversion table for Y chromosome haplogroups
- Genetic genealogy
- Genetic history of the Middle East
- Haplogroup
- Haplotype
- Human Y-chromosome DNA haplogroup
- Molecular phylogenetics
- Paragroup
- Subclade
- Y-chromosomal Aaron
- Y-chromosome haplogroups in populations of the world
- Y-DNA haplogroups by ethnic group
- Y-DNA haplogroups in populations of South Asia