HSD17B1

17β-Hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase 1 (17β-HSD1) is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the HSD17B1 gene. This enzyme oxidizes or reduces the C17 hydroxy/keto group of androgens and estrogens and hence is able to regulate the potency of these sex steroids

HSD17B1
Available structures PDB Ortholog search: PDBe RCSB List of PDB id codes 1A27, 1BHS, 1DHT, 1EQU, 1FDS, 1FDT, 1FDU, 1FDV, 1FDW, 1I5R, 1IOL, 1JTV, 1QYV, 1QYW, 1QYX, 3DEY, 3DHE, 3HB4, 3HB5, 3KLM, 3KLP, 3KM0
Identifiers
Aliases	HSD17B1, EDH17B2, EDHB17, HSD17, SDR28C1, hydroxysteroid (17-beta) dehydrogenase 1, hydroxysteroid 17-beta dehydrogenase 1, E2DH, 17-beta-HSD, 20-alpha-HSD, Hsd17b1
External IDs	OMIM: 109684; MGI: 105077; HomoloGene: 37303; GeneCards: HSD17B1; OMA:HSD17B1 - orthologs
Gene location (Human) Chr. Chromosome 17 (human) Band 17q21.2 Start 42,552,922 bp End 42,555,214 bp
Gene location (Mouse) Chr. Chromosome 11 (mouse) Band 11 D|11 64.17 cM Start 100,969,237 bp End 100,971,353 bp
RNA expression pattern Bgee Human Mouse (ortholog) Top expressed in placenta gonad left ovary skin of abdomen skin of leg right ovary muscle of thigh stromal cell of endometrium mucosa of transverse colon left coronary artery Top expressed in cumulus cell Gonadal ridge gastrula morula ovary embryo calvaria blastocyst granulocyte primary oocyte More reference expression data BioGPS More reference expression data
Gene ontology Molecular function oxidoreductase activity catalytic activity estradiol 17-beta-dehydrogenase activity steroid binding NADP+ binding estradiol binding Cellular component cytoplasm cytosol Biological process estrogen biosynthetic process estrogen metabolic process lipid metabolism steroid biosynthetic process Sources:Amigo / QuickGO
Orthologs Species Human Mouse Entrez 3292 15485 Ensembl ENSG00000108786 ENSMUSG00000019301 UniProt P14061 P51656 RefSeq (mRNA) NM_000413 NM_001330219 NM_010475 RefSeq (protein) NP_000404 NP_001317148 NP_034605 Location (UCSC) Chr 17: 42.55 – 42.56 Mb Chr 11: 100.97 – 100.97 Mb PubMed search
Wikidata
View/Edit Human View/Edit Mouse

Function

This enzyme is responsible for the interconversion of estrone (E1) and estradiol (E2) and for the interconversion of androstenedione and testosterone:

17β-estradiol + NADP⁺ + $\rightleftharpoons$ estrone + NADPH + H⁺

testosterone + NADP⁺ + $\rightleftharpoons$ androstenedione + NADPH + H⁺

The human 17β-HSD1 isozyme is highly specific for estrogens over androgens whereas the rodent isozyme is less specific.

Discovery

Human 17β-HSD1 was the first enzyme of the 17β-HSD family to be cloned and to have its sequence identified. Its three-dimensional structure is also the first example of any human steroid-converting enzyme.

Structure

This enzyme contains a short-chain dehydrogenase domain that contains a characteristic 3-layer (αβα) sandwich known as a Rossmann fold. The human enzyme contains 327 amino acids and exists as a homodimer with two identical subunits of 34.5 kDa The N-terminal short-chain dehydrogenase domain contains binding site for the NADP⁺/NADPH cofactor. A narrow, hydrophobic C-terminal domain contains a binding pocket for the steroid substrate.

Clinical significance

Estradiol stimulates while dihydrotestosterone (DHT) inhibits breast cancer growth. Furthermore 17β-HSD1 levels positively correlate with estradiol and negatively correlate with DHT levels in breast cancer cells. Hence 17β-HSD1 represents a possible drug target for breast cancer treatment.

Inhibitors

• Linustedastat

See also

• 17β-Hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase

Further reading

• Blomquist CH (Dec 1995). "Kinetic analysis of enzymic activities: prediction of multiple forms of 17 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase". The Journal of Steroid Biochemistry and Molecular Biology. 55 (5–6): 515–24. doi:10.1016/0960-0760(95)00200-6. PMID 8547176. S2CID 21487072.
• Lin SX, Shi R, Qiu W, Azzi A, Zhu DW, Dabbagh HA, Zhou M (Mar 2006). "Structural basis of the multispecificity demonstrated by 17beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase types 1 and 5". Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology. 248 (1–2): 38–46. doi:10.1016/j.mce.2005.11.035. PMID 16480815. S2CID 19087697.
• Peltoketo H, Isomaa V, Vihko R (Oct 1992). "Genomic organization and DNA sequences of human 17 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase genes and flanking regions. Localization of multiple Alu sequences and putative cis-acting elements". European Journal of Biochemistry. 209 (1): 459–66. doi:10.1111/j.1432-1033.1992.tb17310.x. PMID 1327779.
• Winqvist R, Peltoketo H, Isomaa V, Grzeschik KH, Mannermaa A, Vihko R (Oct 1990). "The gene for 17 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase maps to human chromosome 17, bands q12-q21, and shows an RFLP with ScaI". Human Genetics. 85 (5): 473–6. doi:10.1007/BF00194219. PMID 1977681. S2CID 38282181.
• Luu-The V, Labrie C, Zhao HF, Couët J, Lachance Y, Simard J, Côté J, Leblanc G, Lagacé L, Bérubé D (1990). "Purification, cloning, complementary DNA structure, and predicted amino acid sequence of human estradiol 17 beta-dehydrogenase". Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences. 595: 40–52. doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.1990.tb34281.x. PMID 2197970. S2CID 37554424.
• Baker ME (May 1989). "Human placental 17 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase is homologous to NodG protein of Rhizobium meliloti". Molecular Endocrinology. 3 (5): 881–4. doi:10.1210/mend-3-5-881. PMID 2547159.
• Tremblay Y, Ringler GE, Morel Y, Mohandas TK, Labrie F, Strauss JF, Miller WL (Dec 1989). "Regulation of the gene for estrogenic 17-ketosteroid reductase lying on chromosome 17cen----q25". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 264 (34): 20458–62. doi:10.1016/S0021-9258(19)47083-X. PMID 2584224.
• Luu The V, Labrie C, Zhao HF, Couët J, Lachance Y, Simard J, Leblanc G, Côté J, Bérubé D, Gagné R (Aug 1989). "Characterization of cDNAs for human estradiol 17 beta-dehydrogenase and assignment of the gene to chromosome 17: evidence of two mRNA species with distinct 5'-termini in human placenta". Molecular Endocrinology. 3 (8): 1301–9. doi:10.1210/mend-3-8-1301. PMID 2779584.
• Peltoketo H, Isomaa V, Mäentausta O, Vihko R (Oct 1988). "Complete amino acid sequence of human placental 17 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase deduced from cDNA". FEBS Letters. 239 (1): 73–7. doi:10.1016/0014-5793(88)80548-9. PMID 2846351. S2CID 32468574.
• Nicolas JC, Harris JI (Jan 1973). "Human placental 17 -oestradiol dehydrogenase. Sequence of a tryptic peptide containing an essential cysteine". FEBS Letters. 29 (2): 173–6. doi:10.1016/0014-5793(73)80554-X. PMID 4719204. S2CID 44967040.
• Burns DJ, Engel LL, Bethune JL (Jul 1972). "Amino acid composition and subunit structure. Human placental 17 -estradiol dehydrogenase". Biochemistry. 11 (14): 2699–703. doi:10.1021/bi00764a023. PMID 5045524.
• Murdock GL, Chin CC, Offord RE, Bradshaw RA, Warren JC (Oct 1983). "Human placental estradiol 17 beta-dehydrogenase. Identification of a single histidine residue affinity-labeled by both 3-bromoacetoxyestrone and 12 beta-bromoacetoxy-4-estrene-3,17-dione". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 258 (19): 11460–4. doi:10.1016/S0021-9258(17)44248-7. PMID 6578212.
• Andersson S, Geissler WM, Patel S, Wu L (Jun 1995). "The molecular biology of androgenic 17 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenases". The Journal of Steroid Biochemistry and Molecular Biology. 53 (1–6): 37–9. doi:10.1016/0960-0760(95)00039-3. PMID 7626483. S2CID 54417090.
• Tremblay MR, Auger S, Poirier D (May 1995). "Synthesis of 16-(bromoalkyl)-estradiols having inhibitory effect on human placental estradiol 17 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (17 beta-HSD type 1)". Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry. 3 (5): 505–23. doi:10.1016/0968-0896(95)00041-E. PMID 7648200.
• Ghosh D, Pletnev VZ, Zhu DW, Wawrzak Z, Duax WL, Pangborn W, Labrie F, Lin SX (May 1995). "Structure of human estrogenic 17 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase at 2.20 A resolution". Structure. 3 (5): 503–13. doi:10.1016/S0969-2126(01)00183-6. PMID 7663947.
• Sawetawan C, Milewich L, Word RA, Carr BR, Rainey WE (Mar 1994). "Compartmentalization of type I 17 beta-hydroxysteroid oxidoreductase in the human ovary". Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology. 99 (2): 161–8. doi:10.1016/0303-7207(94)90004-3. PMID 8206323. S2CID 54331976.
• Normand T, Narod S, Labrie F, Simard J (Apr 1993). "Detection of polymorphisms in the estradiol 17 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase II gene at the EDH17B2 locus on 17q11-q21". Human Molecular Genetics. 2 (4): 479–83. doi:10.1093/hmg/2.4.479. PMID 8389226.
• Zhao Z, Yazdani A, Shen Y, Sun Z, Bailey J, Caskey CT, Lee CC (Sep 1996). "Molecular dissection of a cosmid from a gene-rich region in 17q21 and characterization of a candidate gene for alpha-N-acetylglucosaminidase with two cDNA isoforms". Mammalian Genome. 7 (9): 686–90. doi:10.1007/s003359900206. PMID 8703123. S2CID 8692823.