HMS Windsor Castle (1858)

	HMS Cambridge firing a torpedo
History
United Kingdom
Name	HMS Windsor Castle
Ordered	3 October 1833; Reordered on 29 June 1848 to modified sail design; Reordered on 28 February 1857 to modified steam design;
Builder	Pembroke Dockyard
Laid down	May 1844
Launched	26 August 1858
Renamed	Built as HMS Victoria; Renamed HMS Windsor Castle on 6 January 1855; Renamed HMS Cambridge in 1869;
Fate	Sold for breaking up on 24 June 1908
General characteristics As designed
Class and type	110-gun first-rate ship of the line
Tons burthen	3,083 tons
Length	204 ft (62 m)
Beam	60 ft (18 m)
Depth of hold	23 ft 9 in (7.24 m)
Propulsion	Sail
Sail plan	Full-rigged ship
Speed	11kts (under steam)
Complement	950
Armament	102 guns:; Lower deck: 28 × 32-pdr guns + 2 × 68-pdr guns; Main deck: 28 × 32-pdr guns + 2 × 68-pdr guns; Upper deck: 32 × 32-pdr guns; Quarter deck: 10 × short 32-pdr gunnades; Forecastle: 2 × short 32-pdr gunnades + 2 × 68-pdr carronades; 4 × 18-pdr carronades;
General characteristics As completed
Class and type	102-gun first-rate ship of the line
Displacement	4,971 tons
Tons burthen	3,099 tons
Length	204 ft (62 m)
Beam	60 ft (18 m)
Depth of hold	23 ft 9 in (7.24 m)
Propulsion	Sail; 2-cyl. (64½in diam., 40in stroke, 130,700 cu.in. or 2142 litres) horizontal single expansion, trunk; Single screw; 500 nhp; 2,052 ihp;
Sail plan	Full-rigged ship
Speed	11kts (under steam)
Complement	930
Armament	102 guns:; Lower deck: 30 × 8in guns; Main deck: 30 × 32-pdr guns; Upper deck: 30 × 32-pdr guns; Quarter deck/Forecastle: 10 × 32-pdrs + 2 × 68-pdrs;
General characteristics After 1862
Class and type	97-gun ship of the line
Armament	97 guns:; 1 × 110-pdr (on pivot); 30 × 8 in guns; 4 × 70-pdrs; 6 × 40-pdrs; 56 × 32-pdrs;

HMS Windsor Castle was a triple-decker, 102-gun first-rate Royal Navy ship of the line. She was renamed HMS Cambridge in 1869, when she replaced a ship of the same name as gunnery ship off Plymouth.

Life

Early life

The launch at Pembroke Dockyard, Illustrated Times 1858.

Starboard stern elevation illustrating her lifting screw propeller

She was laid down at Pembroke Dockyard as HMS Victoria in 1844, to the design of HMS Queen. She was intended to carry 110 guns, but work was suspended. She was reordered on 29 June 1848 to a modified design, and reordered again on 28 February 1857 when she was ordered to be converted from sail to mixed sail/steam propulsion whilst on the stocks and to be fitted with 120 guns. She was renamed Windsor Castle on 6 January 1855 and launched by Lady Pakington ^[1] on 26 August 1858, having since been reduced to carry 116 guns, and then 102 guns. She cost a total of £117,030, £84,555 spent on her hull as a sailing vessel, her conversion had cost another £14,878. 204 feet long, and of 4971 tons displacement, she had a crew of 930, but almost immediately entered the first-class steam reserve – The Times reported on 13 September 1860 reported her as among the "ships and gunboats in the first-class steam reserve which could be got ready for the pennant at a short notice". By 1862 she had been reduced to 97 guns.

Gunnery school

The training school hulks of HMS Calcutta (left) and HMS Cambridge (right) at Devonport, c.1890

She was renamed HMS Cambridge in 1869, when she replaced a ship of the same name as gunnery ship off Plymouth.^{[citation needed]} On 8 December 1872, she was driven ashore in a storm. At that point, she was armed with 29 guns.^[2] She was refloated the next day.^[3] Cambridge was later joined by HMS Calcutta as her tender, with a wooden bridge between the bow of HMS Cambridge and the stern of the Calcutta. Other of her tenders included HMS Gorgon, Plucky and Sabrina (around 1877) and HMS Bonetta, Bulldog, Cuckoo, Hecate, Plucky, Sabrina, Snap (around 1890), and Undaunted (from 1901). In 1890, some of her officers were listed as bound for Foudroyant and Perseus.

In June 1902 she was at Devonport, when Rear-Admiral Assheton Curzon-Howe hoisted his flag on board as second in command of the Channel Squadron.^[4]

Fate

She was towed on 30 October 1907 to No. 5 Basin of the Royal Dockyard to enable the gunnery school to move ashore into the Naval Barracks, paid off on 4 November that year and sold to Cox on 24 June 1908 for breaking up at Falmouth.

Captains

January 1869 – May 1871: Fitzgerald Algernon Charles Foley
February 1874: F. Herbert R.N.
Around 12 August 1877: Thomas Le Hunte Ward
15 August 1883 – 25 August 1886: George Stanley Bosanquet
December 1896: William Metcalfe Lang
August 1898 – 1900: Captain Robert William Craigie^[5]
August 1900 – August 1903: Captain Charles Ramsay Arbuthnot^[6]

Citations

^ "Navy News". London Standard. 30 August 1858. p. 6. Retrieved 24 March 2023.
^ "Violent Gales". Daily News. No. 8305. London. 9 December 1872.
^ "Shipping Casualties at Plymouth". Southampton Herald. Vol. 50, no. 2764. Southampton. 11 December 1872. p. 4.
^ "Naval & Military intelligence". The Times. No. 36787. London. 6 June 1902. p. 11.
^ "Naval & Military intelligence". The Times. No. 36054. London. 1 February 1900. p. 6.
^ "Naval & Military intelligence". The Times. No. 36439. London. 26 April 1901. p. 10.

References

Colledge, J. J.; Warlow, Ben (2006) [1969]. Ships of the Royal Navy: The Complete Record of all Fighting Ships of the Royal Navy (Rev. ed.). London: Chatham Publishing. ISBN 978-1-86176-281-8.
Lyon, David and Winfield, Rif, The Sail and Steam Navy List, All the Ships of the Royal Navy 1815–1889, pub Chatham, 2004, ISBN 1-86176-032-9

External links

Media related to HMS Windsor Castle (ship, 1858) at Wikimedia Commons
Media related to HMS Cambridge (ship, 1869) at Wikimedia Commons
http://www.pdavis.nl/ShowShip.php?id=1196
Royal Navy Gunnery School – The Encyclopaedia of Plymouth History

[ES_1858-1] "Navy News". London Standard. 30 August 1858. p. 6. Retrieved 24 March 2023.

[DN091272-2] "Violent Gales". Daily News. No. 8305. London. 9 December 1872.

[SH111272-3] "Shipping Casualties at Plymouth". Southampton Herald. Vol. 50, no. 2764. Southampton. 11 December 1872. p. 4.

[4] "Naval & Military intelligence". The Times. No. 36787. London. 6 June 1902. p. 11.

[5] "Naval & Military intelligence". The Times. No. 36054. London. 1 February 1900. p. 6.

[6] "Naval & Military intelligence". The Times. No. 36439. London. 26 April 1901. p. 10.

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

[5]

[6]

History
HMS Cambridge firing a torpedo
United Kingdom
Name	HMS Windsor Castle
Ordered	3 October 1833 Reordered on 29 June 1848 to modified sail design Reordered on 28 February 1857 to modified steam design
Builder	Pembroke Dockyard
Laid down	May 1844
Launched	26 August 1858
Renamed	Built as HMS Victoria Renamed HMS Windsor Castle on 6 January 1855 Renamed HMS Cambridge in 1869
Fate	Sold for breaking up on 24 June 1908
General characteristics As designed
Class and type	110-gun first-rate ship of the line
Tons burthen	3,083 tons
Length	204 ft (62 m)
Beam	60 ft (18 m)
Depth of hold	23 ft 9 in (7.24 m)
Propulsion	Sail
Sail plan	Full-rigged ship
Speed	11kts (under steam)
Complement	950
Armament	102 guns: Lower deck: 28 × 32-pdr guns + 2 × 68-pdr guns Main deck: 28 × 32-pdr guns + 2 × 68-pdr guns Upper deck: 32 × 32-pdr guns Quarter deck: 10 × short 32-pdr gunnades Forecastle: 2 × short 32-pdr gunnades + 2 × 68-pdr carronades 4 × 18-pdr carronades
General characteristics As completed
Class and type	102-gun first-rate ship of the line
Displacement	4,971 tons
Tons burthen	3,099 tons
Length	204 ft (62 m)
Beam	60 ft (18 m)
Depth of hold	23 ft 9 in (7.24 m)
Propulsion	Sail 2-cyl. (64½in diam., 40in stroke, 130,700 cu.in. or 2142 litres) horizontal single expansion, trunk Single screw 500 nhp 2,052 ihp
Sail plan	Full-rigged ship
Speed	11kts (under steam)
Complement	930
Armament	102 guns: Lower deck: 30 × 8in guns Main deck: 30 × 32-pdr guns Upper deck: 30 × 32-pdr guns Quarter deck/Forecastle: 10 × 32-pdrs + 2 × 68-pdrs
General characteristics After 1862
Class and type	97-gun ship of the line
Armament	97 guns: 1 × 110-pdr (on pivot) 30 × 8 in guns 4 × 70-pdrs 6 × 40-pdrs 56 × 32-pdrs