Gymnogeophagus is a genus of cichlid fishes from South America, where they are known from various river basins (notably Rio de la Plata and Lagoa dos PatosMirim) in southern Brazil, Paraguay, Uruguay and northern Argentina.[1] They are part of a group popularly known as eartheaters.

Gymnogeophagus
Temporal range: 48.6–0 Ma
Gymnogeophagus balzanii
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Actinopterygii
Order: Cichliformes
Family: Cichlidae
Subfamily: Cichlinae
Tribe: Geophagini
Subtribe: Geophagina
Genus: Gymnogeophagus
A. Miranda-Ribeiro, 1918
Type species
Gymnogeophagus cyanopterus
A. Miranda Ribeiro, 1918
Geographic range of genus Gymnogeophagus

Species

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There are currently 18 recognized extant species in this genus:[2]

An extinct species Gymnogeophagus eocenicus lived during the Early Eocene of Argentina, around 48.6 million years ago, representing one of the oldest known cichlids.[7]

References

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  1. ^ Froese, Rainer; Pauly, Daniel (eds.). "Species in genus Gymnogeophagus". FishBase. January 2016 version.
  2. ^ Froese, Rainer; Pauly, Daniel (eds.). "Species in genus Gymnogeophagus". FishBase. February 2018 version.
  3. ^ a b c d e Malabarba, L.R.; Malabarba, M.C.; Reis, R.E. (2015). "Descriptions of five new species of the Neotropical cichlid genus Gymnogeophagus Miranda Ribeiro, 1918 (Teleostei: Cichliformes) from the rio Uruguay drainage" (PDF). Neotropical Ichthyology. 13 (4): 637–662. doi:10.1590/1982-0224-20140188.
  4. ^ Alonso, F., G.E. Terán, G. Aguilera, O. Říčan, J. Casciotta, W.S. Serra, A. Almirón, M.F. Benítez, I. García and J.M. Mirande (2019). Description of A New Species of the Neotropical Cichlid Genus Gymnogeophagus Miranda Ribeiro, 1918 (Teleostei: Cichliformes) from the Middle Paraná Basin, Misiones, Argentina. PLoS ONE. 14(2): e0210166. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0210166
  5. ^ Loureiro, M., Zarucki, M., Malabarba, L.R. & González-Bergonzoni, I. (2016): A new species of Gymnogeophagus Miranda Ribeiro from Uruguay (Teleostei: Cichliformes). Neotropical Ichthyology, 14 (1): e150082.
  6. ^ González-Bergonzoni, I.; Loureiro, M.; Oviedo, S. (2009). "A new species of Gymnogeophagus from the río Negro and río Tacuarí basins, Uruguay (Teleostei: Perciformes)". Neotropical Ichthyology. 7 (1): 19–24. doi:10.1590/s1679-62252009000100003. S2CID 84108097.
  7. ^ Malabarba, Maria C.; Malabarba, Luiz R.; López-Fernández, Hernán (2014). "On the Eocene cichlids from the Lumbrera Formation: additions and implications for the Neotropical ichthyofauna". Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 34 (1): 49–58. doi:10.1080/02724634.2013.830021.