Guiyang Miao, also known as Guiyang Hmong, is a Miao language of China. It is named after Guiyang, Guizhou, though not all varieties are spoken there. The endonym is Hmong, a name it shares with the Hmong language.
| Guiyang Miao | |
|---|---|
| Hmong | |
| Native to | China |
| Region | Guizhou |
Native speakers | (190,000 cited 1995)[1] |
Hmong–Mien
| |
| Dialects | |
| Language codes | |
| ISO 639-3 | Variously:huj – Northernhmy – Southernhmg – Southwestern |
| Glottolog | guiy1235 |
Classification
editGuiyang was given as a subgroup of Western Hmongic in Wang (1985).[2] Matisoff (2001) separated the three varieties as distinct Miao languages, not forming a group. Wang (1994) adds another two minor, previously unclassified varieties.[3]
Mo Piu, spoken in northern Vietnam, may be a divergent variety of Guiyang Miao.[4]
Representative dialects of Guiyang Miao include:[5]
- Baituo 摆托, Huaxi District, Guiyang
- Tieshi 铁石, Qianxi County
- Zhongba 中坝, Changshun County
Demographics
editBelow is a list of Miao dialects and their respective speaker populations and distributions from Li (2018),[6] along with representative datapoints from Wang (1985).[7]
| Dialect | Speakers | Counties | Representative datapoint (Wang 1985) |
|---|---|---|---|
| North | 70,000 | Guiyang (in Huaxi, Xiaohe, Baiyun, Wudang districts), Qingzhen, Kaiyang, Xifeng, Xiuwen, Anshun, Pingba, Zhenning, Qianxi, Jinsha, Zhijin, Longli, Guiding | Baituo 摆托寨, Qingyan Township 青岩乡, Huaxi District 花溪区, Guiyang City |
| South | 20,000+ | Anshun, Zhenning | Wangjiashan 汪家山, Huayan Township 华严乡, Anshun City |
| Southwest | 60,000 | Guiyang (in Huaxi, Wudang, Baiyun districts), Qingzhen, Anshun, Pingba, Ziyun, Changshun | Kaisa Village 凯洒村, Machang Township 马场乡, Pingba County |
| Northwest | 6,000 | Qingzhen, Qianxi, Longlin | Tieshi Township 铁石苗族彝族乡, Qianxi County |
| South-Central | 6,000 | Ziyun, Zhenning | Hongyanzhai 红岩寨, Baiyun Township 白云乡, Ziyun County |
According to Sun (2017), the northern dialect of Guiyang Miao is spoken in the following locations by a total of approximately 60,000 speakers.[8]
- Pingba County: Linka 林卡
- Qianxi County: Chongxin 重新, Shiping 石平
- Jinsha County: Musha 木沙, Bijia 笔架, Zongping 宗平, Dayuan 大员, Xinxi 新西, Anmin 安民, Taoyuan 桃园
- Zhenning County: Xinchang 新场
- Kaiyang, Xifeng, Xiuwen, Guiding, and other counties
References
edit- ^ Northern at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015) (subscription required)
Southern at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015) (subscription required)
Southwestern at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015) (subscription required) - ^ Wang, Fushi 王辅世, ed. (1985). Miáoyǔ jiǎnzhì 苗语简志 (in Chinese). Beijing: Minzu chubanshe.
- ^ Li, Yunbing 李云兵 (2000). Miáoyǔ fāngyán huàfēn yíliú wèntí yánjiū 苗语方言划分遗留问题研究 (in Chinese). Beijing Shi: Zhongyang minzu daxue chubanshe.
- ^ Ly Van Tu, Jean-Cyrille; Vittrant, Alice (2014). Place of Mơ Piu in the Hmong Group: A Proposal. Presented at SEALS 24, Yangon, Myanmar – via Academia.edu.
- ^ Mortensen, David (2004). "The Development of Tone Sandhi in Western Hmongic: A New Hypothesis" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2008-07-24 – via pitt.edu.
- ^ Li, Yunbing 李云兵 (2018). Miao Yao yu bijiao yanjiu 苗瑶语比较研究 (A comparative study of Hmong-Mien languages). Beijing: The Commercial Press. ISBN 9787100165068. OCLC 1112270585.
- ^ Wang Fushi 王辅世. 1985. Miaoyu jianzhi 苗语简志. Beijing: Minzu chubanshe 民族出版社.
- ^ Sun, Hongkai 孙宏开; Ting, Pang-hsin 丁邦新, eds. (2017). Hanzangyu yuyin he cihui 汉藏语语音和词汇. Beijing: Minzu chubanshe 民族出版社. p. 40. ISBN 9787105142385.