Gualala (/wəˈlɑː.lə/ wə-LAH-lə; Pomo: Qh awála-li)[5][6] is an unincorporated community in Mendocino County in the U.S. state of California.[1] It is located north of The Sea Ranch and south of Point Arena, California. Gualala shares its southern border with the southern border of Mendocino County.[7] It is located on the Pacific coast at the mouth of the Gualala River, on State Route 1. It serves as a commercial center for the surrounding area. Gualala was once a logging town, but tourism is now its central economic activity.[7]
Gualala | |
|---|---|
 Street view of Gualala | |
  Gualala Location in California  Gualala Gualala (the United States) | |
| Coordinates: 38°45′57″N 123°31′41″W / 38.76583°N 123.52806°W[1] | |
| Country | United States |
| State | California |
| County | Mendocino |
| Elevation | 49 ft (15 m) |
| Population (2010)[3] | |
• Total | 2,093 |
| • Median Age | 53.9 (male) / 51.8 (female)[2] |
| Time zone | UTC-8 (Pacific) |
| • Summer (DST) | UTC-7 (PDT) |
| ZIP code[4] | 95445 |
| Area code | 707 |
| FIPS code | 06-31428 |
| GNIS feature ID | 224701 |
| Website | gualala |
Name
editGualala derives from the Kashaya Pomo village name Walaali, which itself is from Qh awála-li, meaning "where the water goes down".[5][8] Gualala is the Spanish spelling; obsolete English-influenced variants include Walhalla (influenced by Walhalla of Norse mythology), Wallala and Wallholla.[9][5][10][11]
History
editNative peoples
editThe Native peoples who occupied this area were known as the latcupda. They were a small entity of the bokeya group of Pomo peoples.[12]
Mexican era
editThough both the Spanish and the Russians attempted to colonize northern California in the early 18th century, few people made incursions into the region until the 1840s. In 1844, Alta California Governor Manuel Micheltorena granted General Rafael Garcia 62.5 square miles (162 km2) of land between the Gualala River and Mal Paso Creek. Garcia used the land to graze cattle. After Mexico was forced to cede California as a result of its loss of the Mexican-American War, the Board of California Land Commissioners examined Garcia's claim to the land under the California Land Act of 1851. The Board invalidated Garcia's claim in 1854 on a technicality.[13] This made Garcia's land available for sale through the United States government as public land.
Lumber
editCyrus D. Robinson and his family were among the first American settlers to build on the lands of the invalidated Garcia land grant. Sources conflict on the exact year of their arrival, but by 1862, he had sold part of the land to Webber and Rutherford so they could build a lumber mill in China Gulch, a small drainage near the mouth of the Gualala River.[14] The town of Gualala quickly grew to support company operations. The lumber mills processed redwood trees felled in nearby forests. In 1868, Webber and Rutherford sold to Zemri Heywood and Samuel Harmon. Heywood and Harmon then constructed a second mill on a river flat on a large bend near the mouth of the Gualala River. This mill, informally known as Heywood's Mill, formed the backbone of Gualala's economy for its approximately 40-year tenure. At its peak, the mill produced 175,000 board feet of lumber per day. Heywood's Mill burned down in a fire on September 14, 1906.[14]
Initially, the mill transported lumber by a team of draft horses and a wide-gauge railway to "Robinson Point"., where a wire chute loaded ships. In later years, a wide gauge railroad replaced animals as motive power. This railroad is noted as one of the widest-gauge railroads in the United States, measuring 68.5 inches wide.[14] Soon after 1872, Robinson's wire chute gave way to nearby Bourn's Landing (pronounced "bones"), due to the comparatively safer anchorage at that location. The mill company extended the railway to this location, and the area's goods primarily came through this location until automobiles began to render shipping obsolete in the early 1920s.[14]
Town development
editIn 1861, Cyrus Robinson filed a claim under the Land Act of 1820 for much of the area which is now the town of Gualala. They soon built a hotel, a saloon and a ferry. They also supervised the post office (which was also the stage stop), the Wells Fargo Express and the Western Union.[6] By the end of the 1800s, Gualala had become a major commercial hub for the entire area, with a dancing school, the Gualala Municipal Brass Band, and an opera house.[15]
The hotel burned down in a fire in 1903. The hotel was later rebuilt to the south of its original location at a cost of $6,000. In 1907, Mark Pedotti and Antonio Ciapusci bought the Gualala Hotel property which included 636 acres and among them they divided the property with Antonio acquiring the area of Gualala who later died in 1932. His son George and wife, Ida inherited the land after his death.[15]
Today, tourists come to nearby Sea Ranch, California, for which Gualala provides tourist and commercial services.
Climate
editAccording to the Köppen Climate Classification system, Gualala has a warm-summer Mediterranean climate, abbreviated "Csb" on climate maps.
| Climate data for Gualala / Sea Ranch (1980-2016) | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Mean daily maximum °F (°C) | 56.5 (13.6) |
59.7 (15.4) |
61.5 (16.4) |
64.5 (18.1) |
67.5 (19.7) |
71.0 (21.7) |
73.0 (22.8) |
74.0 (23.3) |
72.8 (22.7) |
68.3 (20.2) |
61.3 (16.3) |
56.0 (13.3) |
65.5 (18.6) |
| Mean daily minimum °F (°C) | 42.0 (5.6) |
43.7 (6.5) |
45.0 (7.2) |
46.3 (7.9) |
48.8 (9.3) |
50.8 (10.4) |
51.0 (10.6) |
51.0 (10.6) |
50.8 (10.4) |
48.0 (8.9) |
45.7 (7.6) |
42.0 (5.6) |
47.1 (8.4) |
| Average precipitation inches (mm) | 6.5 (170) |
6.4 (160) |
4.73 (120) |
2.2 (56) |
1 (25) |
0.33 (8.4) |
0.05 (1.3) |
0.08 (2.0) |
0.43 (11) |
1.98 (50) |
4.5 (110) |
6.56 (167) |
34.76 (880.7) |
| Average precipitation days | 13 | 10 | 12 | 7 | 4 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 2 | 4 | 10 | 12 | 76 |
| Source 1: weatherspark[16] | |||||||||||||
| Source 2: bestplaces.net[17] | |||||||||||||
Government
editIn the California State Legislature, Gualala is in the 2nd Senate District, represented by Democrat Mike McGuire,[18] and the 2nd Assembly District, represented by Democrat Jim Wood.[19]
In the United States House of Representatives, Gualala is in California's 2nd congressional district, represented by Democrat Jared Huffman.[20]
Education
editThere were no schools in the area until 1883, when a single-room schoolhouse was constructed with the support of the Heywood family.[14] Until that time, it was a common custom to send children to live with other families in larger areas to attend school.[15]
Elementary school students are educated at Horicon Elementary School in Annapolis in Sonoma County, or Arena Union Elementary in Point Arena. High school students are educated at Point Arena High School.
See also
editReferences
edit- ^ a b c "Gualala". Geographic Names Information System. United States Geological Survey, United States Department of the Interior. Retrieved November 7, 2014.
- ^ "2008-2012 American Community Survey". US Census Bureau. US Dept of Commerce. Archived from the original on February 12, 2020. Retrieved August 24, 2014.
- ^ "American Fact Finder (ZIP 95445)". US Dept. of Commerce. 2010. Archived from the original on February 12, 2020. Retrieved December 3, 2014.
- ^ "ZIP Code(tm) Lookup". United States Postal Service. Retrieved December 3, 2014.
- ^ a b c Bright, William (1998). 1500 California Place Names: Their Origin and Meaning. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press.
- ^ a b Durham, David L. (1998). California's Geographic Names: A Gazetteer of Historic and Modern Names of the State. Clovis, Calif.: Word Dancer Press. p. 70. ISBN 1-884995-14-4.
- ^ a b Porter, Paige. "So You Want to Live in ... Gualala, California". Coastal Living. Time Inc. Lifestyle Group. Retrieved August 24, 2014.
- ^ McLendon, Sally; Robert L., Oswalt (1978). "Pomo: Introduction". In Heizer, Robert F. (ed.). Handbook of the Indians of North America. Vol. 8. Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Institution. p. 281.
- ^ "Gualala". Geographic Names Information System. United States Geological Survey, United States Department of the Interior. December 31, 1981.
- ^ "Gualala? What's that?". Retrieved August 24, 2014.
Some people call it gwa-LA-la, but the natives call it wa-LA-la. This comes from the Kashaya Pomo Indian phrase, "ah kha wa la lee" which means, "Where the water flows down"
- ^ Kroeber, Alfred L. (1916). "California place names of Indian origin" (PDF). University of California Publications in American Archaeology and Ethnology. 12 (2): 31–69. Archived from the original (PDF) on July 20, 2011. Retrieved August 22, 2010..
- ^ Stewart, Omer C. (1943). "Notes on Pomo Ethnogeography". University of California Publications in American Archaeology and Ethnology. 40 (2): 47–49.
- ^ Hoffman, Ogden (1862). Reports of Land Cases Determined in the United States District Court for the Northern District of California: June Term, 1853 to June Term, 1858, Inclusive. San Francisco: Numa Herbert. pp. 157–160.
- ^ a b c d e White Parks, Annette (1980). qh awala li: "water coming down place": A History of Gualala, Mendocino County, California. Ukiah, CA: Freshcut Press. p. 69. ISBN 0-9605550-0-5.
- ^ a b c "Gualala History". Retrieved August 24, 2014.
- ^ "Sea Ranch". Retrieved July 19, 2020.
- ^ "Sea Ranch". Retrieved July 19, 2020.
- ^ "Senators". State of California. Retrieved August 27, 2014.
- ^ "Members Assembly". State of California. Retrieved August 27, 2014.
- ^ "California's 2nd Congressional District - Representatives & District Map". Civic Impulse, LLC. Retrieved March 1, 2013.
External links
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