The Grebensky Cossacks or Grebentsy was a group of Cossacks formed in the 16th century from Don Cossacks who left the Don area and settled in the northern foothills of the Caucasus. The Greben Cossacks are part of the Terek Cossacks. They were influenced by Chechen and Nogai culture and most were bilingual in the Russian language and the Nogai language.
Name
editAccording to the article on Grebentsy in ЭСБЕ (1893), whose author is — a writer V. E. Rudakov — referring to some historians, who, in turn, allegedly relied on materials from «Book to the Big Drawing» and the legend of the Grebensky icon[a], claimed that Grebensky Cossacks descended from the Don Cossacks who settled in the Caucasus, whose community originally lived in the interfluve Seversky Donets and Kalitva near a hill called the Grebensky mountains, hence the name of these Cossacks — Grebensky.[1]
General information
editSettlement territory
editModern scholars don′t have information about settlement area of Grebentsy on the right side of the Terek River (old Russian Terka/Terki). Basic facts about these Cossacks appear after relocation to the left bank of the river. In 1712[b] the Grebensky Cossacks moved to the left bank of the Terek River in the area of the fortification of the Terka/Terki[c] (Sunzhensky fortification).
Notes
edit- ^ Legend under the early Ryazan Metropolitan Stefan Yavorsky.[1]
- ^ According to the "Chronicle of the Guards Cossack Units" of 1912, the Grebens moved from the right bank of the Terek to the left earlier - in 1711.[2]
- ^ There is a mistake in the "Soviet Military Encyclopedia": instead of a Terka/Terki a fortification-fortress, to which the Grebens moved, named a Tarka.[3]
References
edit- ^ a b ЭСБЕ. T. IXA 1893, p. 585—586.
- ^ Cossack troops 1912, p. 171.
- ^ СВЭ. Т. 3 1977, p. 31.
Bibliography
edit- Казачьи войска (Хроники гвардейскихъ казачьихъ частей помѣщены въ книгѣ ИМПЕРАТОРСКАЯ Гвардія). СПб.: Справочная книжка ИМПЕРАТОРСКОЙ Главной Квартиры. 1912.. Подъ редакціей В. К. Шенкъ, составилъ В. Х. Казинъ
- "Гребенские казаки". Советская военная энциклопедия [в 8 томах]. Vol. 3 (Гражданская — Йокота) (Министерство обороны СССР. Институт военной истории ed.). Moscow: Воениздат. 1977.. Председатель Гл. ред. комиссии Н. В. Огарков
- V. E. Rudakov [in Russian] (1893). "Гребенцы, или гребенскіе казаки". In K. K. Arsenyev (ed.). Brockhaus and Efron Encyclopedic Dictionary. Vol. IXA (Гравилатъ — Давенантъ). Saint Petersburg: publishing house F. A. Brockhaus and I. A. Efron. pp. 585–586.
- Wixman. The Peoples of the USSR p. 51.