Golar Spirit is a floating storage and regasification unit (FSRU). It is the world's first FSRU converted from a liquefied natural gas (LNG) carrier.[1]
| History | |
|---|---|
| Name | Golar Spirit |
| Owner | Sovereign Spirit Limited, a subsidiary of Golar LNG |
| Port of registry |  Marshall Islands, Majuro |
| Ordered | 1973 |
| Builder | Kawasaki Heavy Industries |
| Yard number | 107920 |
| Launched | 30 June 1977 |
| Completed | 1981 |
| Identification |
|
| Status | Laid-Up in Elefsina, Greece |
| General characteristics | |
| Class and type | 1A1 Tanker for Liquefied Gas REGAS-2 E0 |
| Tonnage | 106,577 long tons (119,366 short tons) |
| Length | 289.01 m (948 ft 2 in) |
| Beam | 44.61 m (146 ft 4 in) |
| Draught | 12.524 m (41 ft 1.1 in) |
| Speed | 19.5 knots (22.4 mph; 36.1 km/h) |
| Capacity |
|
History
editGolar Spirit was built by the Kawasaki Shipbuilding Corporation in 1981 as an LNG carrier.[2] It was the first Japan-built and first Asia-built LNG carrier.[3] In 1986, Golar Spirit was chartered for twenty years by Indonesian oil and gas company Pertamina.[4] It served the line delivering LNG from Indonesia to South Korea.[5]
In April 2007, Golar Spirit was charter contracted by Petrobras to serve as the Pecém LNG terminal. The conversion started in October 2007 at the Keppel Shipyard in Singapore.[6][7] The conversion was completed in mid-2008 and Golar Spirit headed to Brazil on 11 June 2008.[7][8] On her course, the Golar Spirit transported a LNG load from Trinidad and Tobago to Brazil.[8][9] She arrived in Pecém on 22 July 2008.[9]
On 30 January 2009, Golar Spirit became the first vessel of this kind, which regasified LNG aboard.[citation needed]
Technical description
editThe FSRU Golar Spirit operates at a jetty to which it is moored. LNG is transported to the FSRU by LNG carriers, that berth to the other side of the jetty. The LNG is vaporized in the onboard regasification system, which enables the FSRU to provide natural gas to the onshore consumers (power plants). It is a steel mono hull with LNG tanks arranged in the middle, with the re-gasification plant in the forward section and crew facilities with control room and utility machinery in the aft section.[1] The engineering of the regasification system and the tanks were provided by Moss Maritime of Norway.[10][11] The Norwegian company Bjørge engineered its pressure protection system through its subsidiary Solberg & Andersen.[12]
Golar Spirit is equipped with a regasification system comprising high pressure LNG pumps, cryogenic LNG vaporizers and associated valves, piping and instrumentation. LNG pumps are provided by Shinko, while LNG vaporizers are provided by Thermax. The vaporizers use steam generated by the onboard existing steam boilers. The design pressure of the vaporizers exceeds 85 bars (8,500 kPa). Each vaporiser with wall thickness of over 55 millimeters (2.2 in) is over 8 meters (26 ft) long and weighs in excess of 5.5 metric tons (6.1 short tons).[11] The regasification capacity of the Golar Spirit is 7 million cubic meters per day (250×106 cu ft/d) (over 240 metric tons or 260 short tons of LNG per hour), and its storage capacity is 129 thousand cubic meters (4.6×106 cu ft) of LNG, equivalent to 77 million cubic meters (2.7×109 cu ft) of natural gas.[citation needed]
Det Norske Veritas has issued a Statement of Approval of the Regasification Plant and Interim Class Certificate confirming the REGAS-2 Class notation.[1]
Ownership
editGolar Spirit was initially owned by Golar LNG.[1] It was charter contracted by Petrobras for ten years starting from the second half of 2008[7] however, it announced in December 2016 that it would terminate the contract early on June 21, 2017.[13] Golar Spirit has been in layup since.[14][15] Its peer vessel, Golar Freeze, was moved to Brazil in 2019.[16] A 2020 report by Golar LNG claimed that it would cost $10 million to reactivate the vessel.[17]
The vessel was sold to New Fortress Energy and renamed FSRU Spirit and offered for charter following the Ukraine conflict's impact on gas pipelines.[18]
References
edit- ^ a b c d "Golar LNG Delivers World's First FSRU to Petrobras". Downstream Today. 2009-01-30. Retrieved 2009-01-31.
- ^ "Golar Spirit". Det Norske Veritas. Archived from the original on 2006-03-20. Retrieved 2009-01-31.
- ^ "History of Kawasaki". Kawasaki Shipbuilding Corporation. Retrieved 2009-02-05.
- ^ "SqueezeTrigger Price is $14.905. There is $67,298,468.00 That Short Sellers Still Need To Cover". TradingMarkets. 2008-09-19. Retrieved 2009-02-05.[permanent dead link]
- ^ The Global Liquefied Natural Gas Market: Status and Outlook. Appendix L. LNG Tanker Fleet (PDF). Energy Information Administration. December 2003. DOE/EIA-0637. Retrieved 2009-02-05.
- ^ "Golar LNG Q4 2007 Results" (Press release). Golar LNG. 2008-02-25. Archived from the original on 2016-11-30. Retrieved 2009-02-04.
- ^ a b c "Golar LNG converts second FSRU at Keppel". Seatrade Asia Online. 2007-12-27. Archived from the original on 2008-03-25. Retrieved 2009-01-31.
- ^ a b "Golar Spirit headed for Brazil". Energy Current. 2008-06-13. Archived from the original on 2009-02-17. Retrieved 2009-02-03.
- ^ a b "Golar LNG Q2 2008 Results". Reuters. 2008-08-14. Archived from the original on 2013-02-01. Retrieved 2009-02-04.
- ^ "LNG in the fast lane". The Full Picture Magazine (1). Kongsberg Maritime. 2008. Retrieved 2009-02-04.
- ^ a b "Thermax vaporisers for Golar LNG FSRU". LNG World Shipping. Riviera Maritime Media Ltd. February–March 2008.
- ^ "Bjørge supplies instrumented safety system to Golar Spirit" (Press release). Bjørge. 2008-05-05. Archived from the original on 2011-07-24. Retrieved 2009-02-05.
- ^ "Petrobras terminates Golar Spirit FSRU charter early". 27 December 2016.
- ^ "Golar LNG Partners L.P. Preliminary fourth quarter and financial year 2017 results". 28 February 2018.
- ^ Hine (l_hine), Lucy (2019-05-30). "Golar LNG primed to reactivate laid-up FSRU for next Brazil job | TradeWinds". TradeWinds | Latest shipping and maritime news. Retrieved 2023-01-09.
- ^ "Tanker Golar Freeze keeps oceans free from waste with LFC Biodigester". Power Knot. Retrieved 2023-04-10.
- ^ Hine (l_hine), Lucy (2020-08-14). "Golar LNG Partners floats new hub concept for its FSRUs | TradeWinds". TradeWinds | Latest shipping and maritime news. Retrieved 2023-01-09.
- ^ Hine (l_hine), Lucy (2022-04-06). "New Fortress Energy offers out FSRUs as market demand escalates". TradeWinds | Latest shipping and maritime news. Retrieved 2023-04-10.