Georgios Zorbas (Greek: Γεώργιoς Ζορμπάς; 1865 – September 16, 1941) was a Greek miner upon whom Nikos Kazantzakis based Alexis Zorbas, the protagonist of his 1946 novel Zorba the Greek.[2]
George Zorbas | |
|---|---|
| Γεώργιoς Ζορμπάς | |
 The grave of Zorbas in Skopje | |
| Born | Georgios Zorbas 1865[1] |
| Died | September 16, 1941 (aged 75–76) |
| Occupation | Miner |
Biography
editGeorgios Zorbas was born in 1865 at Katafygio village in Pieria Mountain, then in the Ottoman Empire.[3][4] His full name, father's name, year and place of birth are documented in the registry book of Katafygio, which is preserved today. He was the son of Photios Zorbas, a wealthy landowner and sheep-owner and had three siblings; a sister, Katerina, and two brothers, Ioannis and Xenophon. His family had its roots in Kolindros,[5] but after a conflict with the local Ottoman rulers, his father decided to move them to Katafygio.[6] He worked in his fields and flocks at Katafygi, became a woodcutter, and later left for Palaiochori, Chalkidiki, where he spent the most decisive years of his life, 1889–1911. He worked as a miner for a French company in Stratoniki, Chalkidiki and became friends with the foreman, Giannis Kalkounis (Γιάννης Καλκούνης). He eloped with Kalkounis's daughter Eleni and eventually had eight children. By the end of this period, war and the death of his wife brought great unhappiness to his family.
After all this, he left Palaiochori for Eleftherohori, Pieria, only 8 km from Kolindros, where his brother Ioannis, a doctor, lived. In 1915, he decided to become a monk and left for Mount Athos. It was there that he met Nikos Kazantzakis and they become close friends. They went to Mani together, where they worked as miners in Prastova. It was their experiences there that Kazantzakis later wrote into The Life and Times of Alexis Zorbas (Βίος και πολιτεία του Αλέξη Ζορμπά) which is a fictionalized version of the life of Zorbas. It was later translated as Zorba the Greek and also adapted into Zorba musical (1968) and an Academy Award-nominated film, Zorba the Greek (1964), wherein his role was played by Anthony Quinn.[2]
His life continued in the Kingdom of Yugoslavia, where he settled in 1922 with his 10-year-old daughter, Katerina. Zorbas bought mines near Niš and near Skopje and began to deal in mining.[7] In 1940, Katerina married a wealthy merchant, with whom she went to live in Belgrade.
Zorbas himself died on September 16, 1941,[8] and was buried in the cemetery of Vodno (quarter) near Skopje, then part of the Kingdom of Bulgaria).[9] Because of the change of urban plans, the bones of Zorbas were transferred in 1954 to the Butel cemetery (P-17), near Skopje.[10]
His great-grandson was rock musician Pavlos Sidiropoulos.[11][12][13][14]
References
edit- ^ Nikos Kazantzakis, Peter Bien, The Selected Letters of Nikos Kazantzakis, Princeton University Press, 2012, ISBN 0691147027, p. 66.
- ^ a b Thomas R. Lindlof (8 August 2008). Hollywood Under Siege: Martin Scorsese, the Religious Right, and the Culture Wars. Lexington, Ky.: University of Kentucky Press. p. 16. ISBN 978-0-8131-2517-6 – via Google Books.
- ^ George Logothetis, (2008) Mikis Theodorakis - The Greek Soul, publisher: George Logothetis; ISBN 9604221329, p. 196.
- ^ Nikos Kazantzakis, Zorba the Greek, Publisher Simon and Schuster, 2014, ISBN 1476782814, p. 345.
- ^ "One village ends an old Greek 'myth'". Christian Science Monitor. The Christian Science Monitor. 14 October 1981. Archived from the original on 10 June 2023.
- ^ Giannēs Anapliōtēs, (1978) The Real Zorbas and Nikos Kazantzakis; Hakkert, ISBN 9025608035, pp. 31-32.
- ^ Василева, Елка (18 November 2013). "Гробът на истинския Зорба гъркът е в Скопие" [The grave of the real Zorba the Greek is in Skopje] (in Bulgarian). Bulgaria Dnes.
- ^ Nikos Kazantzakis, Zorba the Greek, Publisher Simon and Schuster, 2014, p. 349., ISBN 1476782814
- ^ Brown, K. The Past in Question: Modern Macedonia and the Uncertainties of Nation, Publisher Princeton University Press, 2003, p. 134., ISBN 0691099952
- ^ Катерина Блажевска, Дојче Веле, Зорба почива во Македонија, но не живее на нејзината сцена. Нова ТВ, January 18, 2014.
- ^ Dimitris Pagadakis (8 February 2018). "The true story of Zorba and the Kazantzakis" (in Greek). Archived from the original on 8 February 2018.
- ^ "The grave of "Alexis Zormpas" in Skopje will be visiting members of the International Society of Friends of Nikos Kazantzakis" (in Greek). 21 November 2023. Archived from the original on 29 November 2023.
- ^ "Skopje: At the grave of "Alexis Zormpas" friends of Nikos Kazantzakis together his great-granddaughter" (in Greek). 25 November 2023. Archived from the original on 25 November 2023.
- ^ "The grave of "Alexis Zormpas" in Skopje visited friends of Nikos Kazantzakis" (in Greek). The National Herald. 25 November 2023. Archived from the original on 29 November 2023.
Further reading
edit- The Real Zorbas and Nikos Kazantzakis by Giannes Anapliotes. Amsterdam: Hakkert, 1978. ISBN 90-256-0803-5.