George Washington Gale Ferris Jr. (February 14, 1859 – November 22, 1896) was an American civil engineer. He is mostly known for creating the original Ferris Wheel for the 1893 Chicago World's Columbian Exposition.[1]
George Washington Gale Ferris Jr. | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Born | February 14, 1859 |
| Died | November 22, 1896 (aged 37) Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, US |
| Education | Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute (1881) |
| Occupation | Civil engineer |
| Known for | The original Chicago Ferris Wheel and the Ferris wheel concept |
Early life
editFerris was born on February 14, 1859, in Galesburg, Illinois, the town founded by his namesake, George Washington Gale. His parents were George Washington Gale Ferris Sr. and Martha Edgerton Hyde.[2] He had an older brother named Frederick Hyde, born in 1843.[3] In 1864 when Ferris was five years old, his family sold their dairy farm and moved to Nevada. For two years, they lived in Carson Valley.
From 1868 to 1890, his father, George Washington Gale Ferris Sr., owned the Sears–Ferris House at 311 W. Third, Carson City, Nevada. Originally built in about 1863 by Gregory A. Sears, a pioneer Carson City businessman,[4] the house was added to the National Register of Historic Places for Carson City on February 9, 1979.[5]
Ferris Senior was an agriculturalist/horticulturalist, noteworthy in Carson City's development for much of the city's landscaping during the 1870s, and for importing a large number of the trees from the east that were planted throughout the city.[6]
Ferris left Nevada in 1875 to attend the California Military Academy in Oakland, where he graduated in 1876. He graduated from Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute in Troy, New York, in the class of 1881 with a degree in Civil Engineering. At RPI he was a charter member of the local chapter of the Chi Phi Fraternity[7] and a member of the Rensselaer Society of Engineers. He was made a member of the Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute Alumni Hall of Fame in 1998.[8]
Ferris began his career in the railroad industry and was interested in bridge building.[8] He founded a company, G.W.G. Ferris & Co. in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, to test and inspect metals for railroads and bridge builders.[citation needed]
Ferris House, his home at 1318 Arch Street, Central Northside, was added to the list of City of Pittsburgh Designated Historic Structures on June 28, 2001.[citation needed]
Ferris wheel
editNews of the World's Columbian Exposition to be held in 1893, in Chicago, Illinois, drew Ferris to the city. In 1891, the Exposition's directors issued a challenge to American engineers to conceive of a monument for the fair to surpass the Eiffel Tower, the great structure of the Paris International Exposition of 1889.[9] The planners wanted something "original, daring and unique". Ferris proposed a wheel from which visitors could view the entire exhibition, a wheel that would "out-Eiffel Eiffel".[10]
Ferris returned in a few weeks with several respectable endorsements from established engineers, and the committee agreed to allow construction to begin. Most convincingly, he had recruited several local investors to cover the $400,000 cost of construction.
The Ferris Wheel had 36 cars, each fitted with 40 revolving chairs and able to accommodate up to 60 people, giving a total capacity of 2,160.[11] When the fair opened, it carried some 38,000 passengers daily, taking 20 minutes to complete two revolutions—the first involving six stops to allow passengers to enter and exit, and the second a nine-minute non-stop rotation, for which the ticket holder paid 50 cents. It carried 2.5 million passengers before it was finally demolished in 1906.[12]
After the fair closed, Ferris claimed that the exhibition management had robbed him and his investors of their portion of the nearly $750,000 profit that his wheel brought in. He spent the next two years in litigation.[13]
Death
editFerris Sr. died in 1895, followed soon after by Ferris Jr. himself, on November 22, 1896, at Mercy Hospital in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, of typhoid fever.[1][14] His ashes remained at a Pittsburgh crematorium for over a year, waiting for someone to take possession of them.[15][16]
See also
edit
References
edit- ^ a b "Inventor Ferris is Dead. The Man Who Built the Great Wheel for the World's Fair". The New York Times. November 23, 1896. Retrieved November 21, 2020.
George W. G. Ferris, the inventor and builder of the Ferris wheel, died to-day at Mercy Hospital, where he had been treated for typhoid fever for a week. The disease is said to have been brought on through worry over numerous business matters.
- ^ Eighth Census of the United States, United States census, 1860; Galesburg, Knox, Illinois; roll M653_195, page 1014, line 21, Family History film 803195.
- ^ Eighth Census of the United States, United States census, 1860; Galesburg, Knox, Illinois; roll M653_195, page 1014, line 24, Family History film 803195.
- ^ "Historic Buildings". Visit Carson City. Archived from the original on January 16, 2013. Retrieved February 17, 2013.
- ^ National Archives and Records Administration (March 18, 1980). "Federal Register" (PDF). p. 17464. Retrieved June 9, 2021.
- ^ "George Washington Gale Ferris Jr – Carson City Nevada Convention and Visitors Bureau". Visitcarsoncity.com. Archived from the original on February 4, 2013. Retrieved February 17, 2013.
- ^ "Famous Chi Phis". Archived from the original on December 16, 2012. Retrieved December 28, 2012.
- ^ a b "Alumni Hall of Fame". Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute. Retrieved December 22, 2007.
- ^ "Doodles Drafts and Designs". Industrial Drawings from the Smithsonian. Smithsonian Institution Libraries. Retrieved December 22, 2007.
- ^ Larson, Eric. The Devil In the White City. 1st ed. New York: Vintage, 2004. [ISBN missing][page needed]
- ^ Anderson, Norman D. (1992). Ferris wheels – an illustrated history. Popular Press. ISBN 9780879725327. Retrieved February 17, 2013.
- ^ "Chicago's Great Ferris Wheel of 1893". Hydeparkhistory.org. Archived from the original on January 18, 2013. Retrieved February 17, 2013.
- ^ "George W. Ferris". Inventor of the Week. Lemelson-MIT Program. May 1996. Archived from the original on March 2, 2003. Retrieved December 22, 2007.
George Washington Gale Ferris was born in Galesburg, Illinois in 1859 and he and his family moved to Nevada when Ferris was five years old. He attended high school in Oakland, California before enrolling at Rensselaer Polytechnical Institute in Troy, New York, where he graduated in 1881 with a degree in engineering. Ferris found civil engineering work in Pittsburgh, where he specialized in constructing steel frameworks for bridges and tunnels.
- ^ "George W. Ferris". Los Angeles Times. November 23, 1896. Archived from the original on September 21, 2008. Retrieved June 7, 2008.
George W. Ferris, who conceived and built the World-famous Ferris wheel died at Mercy Hospital in this city at 11 O'clock this morning of typhoid fever. His illness was severe , and he was in pain and agony for a long time , and it was only Friday that he was taken to...
- ^ "Ashes of George W.G. Ferris. Report that a Pittsburg Undertaker is Holding Them for Payment of Funeral Expenses". The New York Times. March 8, 1898. Retrieved November 21, 2020.
- ^ Chase's calendar of events 2009. McGraw Hill Professional. 2009. ISBN 9780071599566. Retrieved February 17, 2013.
Further reading
edit- Weingardt, Richard G. Circles in the Sky: The Life and Times of George Ferris. Reston, Va.: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2009.
- Larson, Erik Devil in the White City: Murder, Magic, and Madness at the Fair that Changed America. Crown Publishers, 2003