Georg-Wilhelm Schulz (10 March 1906 – 5 July 1986) was a German U-boat commander of the Second World War. From September 1939 until retiring from front line service in September 1941, he sank 19 ships for a total of 89,885 gross register tons (GRT). For this he received the Knight's Cross, among other commendations.
Georg-Wilhelm Schulz | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Born | 10 March 1906 Cologne |
| Died | 5 July 1986 (aged 80) Hamburg |
| Allegiance |  Nazi Germany |
| Service |  Kriegsmarine |
| Years of service | 1933–1945 |
| Rank | Korvettenkapitän |
| Unit | 3rd U-boat Flotilla 2nd U-boat Flotilla 6th U-boat Flotilla FdU Ausbildungsflottillen 25th U-boat Flotilla |
| Commands | U-10, 5 January 1939 – 15 October 1939 U-64, 16 December 1939 – 13 April 1940 U-124, 11 June 1940 – 7 September 1941 |
| Battles / wars | |
| Awards | Spanish Cross Iron Cross 1st Class U-boat War Badge 1939 Knight's Cross |
Early life
editSchulz was born on 10 March 1906 in Cologne. He initially entered the merchant marine, eventually spending ten years there, including time spent on sailing ships. He joined the navy in October 1933, initially as HSO, Handelschiffoffizier (merchant ship officer).[1] He moved to the U-boat arm on 27 September 1935 as an Oberfähnrich zur See, spending the next three and half years training on submarines. During this time he appears to have been amongst those sent to help the Spanish Nationalists during the Spanish Civil War as he was awarded the Spanish Cross on 6 June 1939.[1] He received his first command on 5 January 1939 when he took over U-10. He was promoted to Kapitänleutnant on 1 April 1939 and on the outbreak of war he carried out two short patrols later that year, before leaving U-10 on 15 October.[1]
Wartime career
editHis next command was U-64, which he took over on 16 December 1939. He took her on her first patrol off the Norwegian coast in April 1940. The patrol was only eight days old when U-64 was detected by a British aircraft on 13 April, whilst hove-to 50 yards off-shore in Herjangsfjord near Narvik.[1] The crew were repairing a minor problem with the periscope.[2]
The aircraft was a Fairey Swordfish scouting float-plane that had been launched from the battleship HMS Warspite. The Swordfish dived down to 200 feet (60 m) and dropped two 100-pound (45 kg) anti-submarine bombs. One was a near-miss, but one hit just behind the submarine's conning-tower. Anti-aircraft fire from the U-boat caused minor damage to the aircraft.[2] U-64 was sunk, killing eight of the crew; thirty-eight survivors, including Schulz, managed to escape to be rescued by German mountain troops.[1]
Two months later Schulz took over command of U-124, with the other U-64 survivors forming the bulk of her crew. His greatest success was on his fourth patrol, where he sank 11 ships for a total of 52,379 tons, whilst also having damaged two other merchants.[1] He was awarded the Iron Cross 1st Class on 25 September 1940, and the Knight's Cross on 4 April 1941. He stepped down as commander of U-124 on 7 September 1941, handing over to Johann Mohr. During this time several later successful U-boat captains had served under Schulz, including Mohr, Reinhard Hardegen and Werner Henke.[1]
Schulz then took over as commander of 6th U-boat Flotilla, initially based in Danzig, and later in Saint-Nazaire. He was promoted to Korvettenkapitän on 1 April 1943, and in October 1943 he was attached to the Staff of the 'FdU Ausbildungsflottillen' (Commander Training flotillas) in Gotenhafen.[1] He spent time here as a staff officer, and also as the leader of the 'Erprobungsgruppe U-Boote' (U-boat testing group). He briefly moved on 22 April 1945 to become the last commander of 25th U-boat Flotilla.[1]
Postwar
editLittle is known about Schulz's postwar activities. He died in Hamburg on 5 July 1986 at the age of 80.[1]
In 1994 the Köhler Mittler Verlag in Hamburg published his autobiographical account Über dem nassen Abgrund: Als Kommandant und Flottillenchef im U-Boot-Krieg (engl. "Above the Abyss"), which has been reissued in several editions. In 1998 an unauthorized Czech translation has later appeared, titled Ponorkové eso (U-boot ace).
Awards
edit- Wehrmacht Long Service Award 4th Class (15 October 1937)[3]
- Spanish Cross in Bronze (6 June 1939)[3]
- The Return of Sudetenland Commemorative Medal of 1 October 1938 (1 October 1939)[3]
- Iron Cross (1939)
- U-boat War Badge (1939) (23 December 1939)[3]
- War Merit Cross 2nd Class and 1st Class with Swords (30 January 1945)[3]
- Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross on 4 April 1941 as Kapitänleutnant and commander of U-124[4][5]
References
editCitations
editBibliography
edit- Busch, Rainer; Röll, Hans-Joachim (2003). Der U-Boot-Krieg 1939–1945 — Die Ritterkreuzträger der U-Boot-Waffe von September 1939 bis Mai 1945 [The U-Boat War 1939–1945 — The Knight's Cross Bearers of the U-Boat Force from September 1939 to May 1945] (in German). Hamburg, Berlin, Bonn Germany: Verlag E.S. Mittler & Sohn. ISBN 978-3-8132-0515-2.
- Fellgiebel, Walther-Peer (2000) [1986]. Die Träger des Ritterkreuzes des Eisernen Kreuzes 1939–1945 — Die Inhaber der höchsten Auszeichnung des Zweiten Weltkrieges aller Wehrmachtteile [The Bearers of the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross 1939–1945 — The Owners of the Highest Award of the Second World War of all Wehrmacht Branches] (in German). Friedberg, Germany: Podzun-Pallas. ISBN 978-3-7909-0284-6.
- Scherzer, Veit (2007). Die Ritterkreuzträger 1939–1945 Die Inhaber des Ritterkreuzes des Eisernen Kreuzes 1939 von Heer, Luftwaffe, Kriegsmarine, Waffen-SS, Volkssturm sowie mit Deutschland verbündeter Streitkräfte nach den Unterlagen des Bundesarchives [The Knight's Cross Bearers 1939–1945 The Holders of the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross 1939 by Army, Air Force, Navy, Waffen-SS, Volkssturm and Allied Forces with Germany According to the Documents of the Federal Archives] (in German). Jena, Germany: Scherzers Militaer-Verlag. ISBN 978-3-938845-17-2.
