Gavins Point Dam is a 1.9-mile-long (3 km) embankment rolled-earth and chalk-fill dam which spans the Missouri River and impounds Lewis and Clark Lake. The dam joins Cedar County, Nebraska with Yankton County, South Dakota a distance of 811.1 river miles (1,305 km) upstream of St. Louis, Missouri, where the river joins the Mississippi River. The dam and hydroelectric power plant were constructed as the Gavins Point Project from 1952 to 1957 by the United States Army Corps of Engineers as part of the Pick-Sloan Plan. The dam is located approximately 4 miles (6.4 km) west or upstream of Yankton, South Dakota.
| Gavins Point Dam | |
|---|---|
 Gavins Point Dam on the Missouri River, impounding Lewis and Clark Lake. | |
  Location of Gavins Point Dam in the Midwestern United States.  Gavins Point Dam (the United States) | |
| Country | United States |
| Location | Cedar County, Nebraska and Yankton County, South Dakota. |
| Coordinates | 42°50′58″N 97°28′55″W / 42.849382°N 97.482018°W |
| Status | Operational |
| Construction began | 1952 |
| Opening date | 1957 |
| Construction cost | $51 million |
| Owner(s) |  U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Omaha District |
| Dam and spillways | |
| Type of dam | Embankment, rolled-earth and chalk-fill |
| Impounds | Missouri River |
| Height | 74 ft (23 m) |
| Length | 8,700 ft (2,652 m) |
| Width (crest) | 35 ft (11 m) |
| Width (base) | 850 ft (259 m) |
| Dam volume | 7,000,000 cu yd (5,351,884 m3) |
| Reservoir | |
| Creates | Lewis and Clark Lake |
| Total capacity | 492,000 acre⋅ft (606,873,064 m3) |
| Catchment area | 279,480 sq mi (723,850 km2) |
| Surface area | 31,400 acres (12,700 ha) |
| Maximum length | 25 mi (40 km) |
| Maximum water depth | 45 ft (14 m) |
| Normal elevation | 1,210 feet msl |
| Power Station | |
| Operator(s) | U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (Operator); Western Area Power Administration (marketer) |
| Commission date | 1957 |
| Turbines | 3 x 44 MW |
| Installed capacity | 132 MW |
| Annual generation | 727 million KWh[1] |
| Website U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Gavins Point Project | |
History and background
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Gavins Point Dam was constructed as a part of the Pick–Sloan Missouri Basin Program, authorized by the Flood Control Act of 1944 by Congress. The dam is named after Gavins Point, a bluff along the northern bank of the Missouri River named for an early settler, now within the western end of Lewis & Clark Recreation Area, which was to be the original location of construction of the dam. The location was moved and construction began further downstream along Calumet Bluff because this location offered a shorter span distance and less fill material needed for dam construction, although the project kept the original name. The dam operations work in conjunction with the other Pick-Sloan Program Dams to assist with conservation, control, and use of water resources in the Missouri River Basin. The intended beneficial uses of these water resources include flood control, aids to navigation, irrigation, supplemental water supply, power generation, municipal and industrial water supplies, stream-pollution abatement, sediment control, preservation and enhancement of fish and wildlife, and creation of recreation opportunities. Gavins Point is the most downstream dam on the Missouri River, being 811.1 river miles upstream of St. Louis where the river meets the Mississippi River. The next dam upstream is Fort Randall Dam.[2]
2011 Missouri River Flood
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During the 2011 Missouri River Flood, the dam released a record water flow of 160,200 cfs, topping the previous record of 70,000 cfs in 1997. During the 2011 flood, the debris damaged the dam and a significant portion of rocks were dislodged from its upstream side.[4] The U.S. Army Corps of Engineers soon began repairs to the dam and its spillway gates. Pressure sensors were also installed in concrete portion of the dam.[5][6]
Hydroelectric power generation
editThe dam has a hydroelectric power plant with three generators, each having a nameplate capacity of 44,099 kW, for a total of 132.297 MW.[7] The hydroelectric power plant provides enough electricity to supply 68,000 homes. The power generated is sold through the Western Area Power Administration.
Reservoir
editSee main article: Lewis and Clark Lake
Gavins Point Dam creates Lewis and Clark Lake, a popular regional tourist destination for water-based recreational opportunities including boating and fishing, along with camping, hiking, and hunting opportunities managed by the State of South Dakota, State of Nebraska, and the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers. The lake is significantly impacted by sedimentation and siltation issues, diminishing the overall water surface area, water storage capacity, and recreational opportunities. Sediment carried by the Missouri River and Niobrara River is slowed and trapped within the reservoir due to the dam impounding and thus stopping the natural river flow. Studies show approximately 5.1 million tons of sediment are deposited in the lake each year, which contributes to the lake's increasing size of delta area on the western portions of the lake. Approximately 60% of the sediment comes from the Nebraska Sandhills via the Niobrara River. As of 2016, approximately 30% of the lake's overall surface area has diminished due to sedimentation deposits, and some figures project by 2045 approximately 50% of the lake will be diminished due to sedimentation deposits. Presently, there is no plan or solution to remove or slow the progression of the siltation within the lake.[8]
See also
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References
edit- ^ "Summary of Engineering Data – Missouri River Main Stem System" (PDF). Missouri River Division. U.S. Army Corps of Engineers. August 2010. Archived from the original (PDF) on February 7, 2012. Retrieved August 17, 2012.
- ^ "Omaha District > Missions > Dam and Lake Projects > Missouri River Dams > Gavins Point".
- ^ "Record precipitation, reservoir releases to cause Missouri River flooding - Columbia Missourian". www.columbiamissourian.com. Archived from the original on August 13, 2011. Retrieved June 6, 2022.
- ^ Copple, Katie (August 28, 2024). "Gavins Point Dam: Flood history, mitigation, and a big mathematical equation". KTIV. Retrieved August 30, 2024.
- ^ "Crews repair Gavins Point Dam from 2011 flooding". Black Hills Pioneer. September 19, 2013. Retrieved September 19, 2013.
- ^ "Gavins Point Dam". Geographic Names Information System. United States Geological Survey. Retrieved May 10, 2006.
- ^ "Gavins Point Dam & Powerplant". United States Army Corps of Engineers. October 24, 2008. Archived from the original on June 1, 2011. Retrieved January 27, 2009.
- ^ http://msaconline.com/
External links
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Media related to Gavins Point Dam at Wikimedia Commons