Gérard Henri de Vaucouleurs (25 April 1918 – 7 October 1995)[2][3] was a French astronomer best known for his studies of galaxies.[4]
Gérard de Vaucouleurs | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Born | Gérard Henri de Vaucouleurs 25 April 1918 |
| Died | 7 October 1995 (aged 77) |
| Nationality |  France |
| Alma mater | Lycee Charlemagne (BSc, 1936)[1] Sorbonne (PhD, 1949) |
| Known for | De Vaucouleurs's law |
| Spouse | |
| Awards | Henry Norris Russell Lectureship (1988) Prix Jules Janssen (1988) |
| Scientific career | |
| Fields | Astronomy |
| Institutions | Yale University Observatory Lowell Observatory Harvard College Observatory University of Texas at Austin |
Life and career
editGerard de Vaucouleurs was born on April 25, 1918 in Paris, he took the maiden name of his mother as his last name.[5] He had an early interest in amateur astronomy and received his undergraduate degree in 1939 at the Sorbonne in that city.
After military service in World War II, he resumed his pursuit of astronomy. He was married to fellow astronomer Antoinette de Vaucouleurs on October 31, 1944, and the couple would frequently collaborate on astronomical research.[6]
He was fluent in English and spent 1949-51 in England and 1951–57 in Australia at Mount Stromlo Observatory. He was at Lowell Observatory in Arizona from 1957-1958 and at Harvard from 1958-60.
In 1960 he was appointed to the University of Texas at Austin, where he spent the rest of his career. He was one of the first five faculty in the newly formed astronomy department there.[4][6] His wife Antoinette died in 1987. In 1995 he died of a heart attack in his home in Austin at the age of 77.[3] At the time of his death he had a second wife named Elysabeth.[3][5]
Research
editHis earliest work had concerned the planet Mars and while at Harvard he used telescope observations from 1909 to 1958 to study the areographic coordinates of features on the surface of Mars.[7] His later work focused on the study of galaxies and he co-authored the Third Reference Catalogue of Bright Galaxies with his wife Antoinette (1921-1987), a fellow UT Austin astronomer and lifelong collaborator.[6]
His specialty included reanalyzing Hubble and Sandage's galaxy atlas and recomputing the distance measurements utilizing a method of averaging many different kinds of metrics such as luminosity, the diameters of ring galaxies, brightest star clusters, etc., in a method he called "spreading the risks." During the 1950s he promoted the idea that galactic clusters are grouped into superclusters.[3]
The de Vaucouleurs modified Hubble sequence is a widely used variant of the standard Hubble sequence.
De Vaucouleurs was awarded the Henry Norris Russell Lectureship by the American Astronomical Society in 1988. He was awarded the Prix Jules Janssen of the Société astronomique de France (Astronomical Society of France) in the same year. He and his wife and longtime collaborator, Antoinette, together produced 400 research and technical papers, 20 books and 100 articles for laymen.[3]
See also
editReferences
edit- ^ "Gerard Henri de Vaucouleurs (1918 - 1995)". American Astronomical Society. Archived from the original on 14 January 2018. Retrieved 29 June 2017.
- ^ Burbidge, E. Margaret (2002). "GÉRARD DE VAUCOULEURS 1918–1995" (PDF). Biographical Memoirs. 82. National Academy of Sciences – via National Academy of Sciences Online.
- ^ a b c d e Thomas Jr., Robert McG. (October 11, 1995), "Gerard de Vaucouleurs, 77, Galactic Astronomer, Is Dead", The New York Times, retrieved 2012-02-21
- ^ a b "Gerard de Vaucouleurs | McDonald Observatory". mcdonaldobservatory.org. Retrieved 2023-06-17.
- ^ a b Burbidge, Geoffrey (30 November 1995). "Gérard de Vaucouleurs (1918-95)" (PDF). Nature. 378 (6556): 440. Bibcode:1995Natur.378..440B. doi:10.1038/378440a0. S2CID 46470185.
- ^ a b c "In Memoriam: Antoinette de Vaucouleurs, 1921-1987". The University of Texas at Austin. October 13, 2008.
- ^ de Vaucouleurs, Gerard (1963). "Precision Mapping of Mars". La Physique des Planetes; Communications Presentees au Onzieme Colloque International d'Astrophysique tenu a Liège, les 9, 10 et 11 Juillet 1962. Vol. 11. pp. 369–385. Bibcode:1963LIACo..11..369D.
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Further reading
edit- Lahav O; Naim A; Buta RJ; et al. (1995), "Galaxies, Human Eyes, and Artificial Neural Networks", Science, 267 (5199): 859–62, arXiv:astro-ph/9412027, Bibcode:1995Sci...267..859L, doi:10.1126/science.267.5199.859, PMID 17813914, S2CID 43370373
- de Vaucouleurs, G (1993), "Tests of the long and short extragalactic distance scales", PNAS, 90 (11): 4811–4813, Bibcode:1993PNAS...90.4811V, doi:10.1073/pnas.90.11.4811, PMC 46605, PMID 11607392
- Masursky H; Batson RM; McCauley JF; et al. (1972), "Mariner 9 Television Reconnaissance of Mars and Its Satellites: Preliminary Results", Science, 175 (4019): 294–305, Bibcode:1972Sci...175..294M, doi:10.1126/science.175.4019.294, PMID 17814535, S2CID 24829001
- de Vaucouleurs, G; Wertz, JR (1971), "Hierarchical big bang cosmology", Nature, 231 (5298): 109, Bibcode:1971Natur.231..109D, doi:10.1038/231109a0, PMID 16062575, S2CID 4295040
- de Vaucouleurs, G (1970), "Postscript", Science, 168 (3934): 917, doi:10.1126/science.168.3934.917-a, PMID 17844177
- de Vaucouleurs, G (1970), "The Case for a Hierarchical Cosmology", Science, vol. 167, no. 3922, pp. 1203–1213, Bibcode:1970Sci...167.1203D, doi:10.1126/science.167.3922.1203, PMID 17751407
External links
edit- Oral history interview transcript with Gérard de Vaucouleurs on 7 November 1988, American Institute of Physics, Niels Bohr Library & Archives
- Oral history interview transcript with Gérard de Vaucouleurs on 20 November 1991, American Institute of Physics, Niels Bohr Library & Archives
- Oral history interview transcript with Gérard de Vaucouleurs on 23 November 1991, American Institute of Physics, Niels Bohr Library & Archives
- Obituary: Gerard Henri De Vaucouleurs, 1918-1995
- Biography
- http://nedwww.ipac.caltech.edu/level5/normal_galaxies.html
- E. Margaret Burbidge, "Gerard de Vaucouleurs", Biographical Memoirs of the National Academy of Sciences (2002)