Fritillaria recurva, the scarlet fritillary, is a North American bulb-forming herbaceous perennial plant in the lily family Liliaceae.[2][3] It is native to the western United States, from southwest Oregon down to northern California where it grows in the Klamath Mountains, Northern Coast Ranges, Cascade Range, and Sierra Nevada. Most of the known Californian locations are in the northern half of the state, as far south as Solano and El Dorado Counties, but there are isolated populations in Tulare and Mariposa Counties.[4] The species has also been reported from Douglas and Washoe Counties in Nevada.[5][6] It grows in dry, open woodlands and chaparral at 300–2,200 metres (980–7,220 ft), and it blooms in spring from February to July.[2]
| Scarlet fritillary | |
|---|---|
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Scientific classification 
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| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| Clade: | Tracheophytes |
| Clade: | Angiosperms |
| Clade: | Monocots |
| Order: | Liliales |
| Family: | Liliaceae |
| Subfamily: | Lilioideae |
| Tribe: | Lilieae |
| Genus: | Fritillaria |
| Species: | F. recurva
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| Binomial name | |
| Fritillaria recurva | |
| Synonyms[1] | |
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Description
editFritillaria recurva is a bulb-forming perennial.[3] The leaves are arranged in whorls and are linear to narrowly lanceolate. The tepals are scarlet, checkered with yellow on the inside, and form a bell shape, and are usually nodding and pendent.[3] The Latin specific epithet "recurva" means "bent backwards".[3] The fruit is a winged capsule.[3]
The plant blooms from June to October,[3] about two weeks earlier than F. gentneri, which has a different reddish color. Throughout its range it is distinguishable from other Fritillaria species by its scarlet red color, checkered with yellow on the inside, and recurved tepals.[2][7] Hybrids among the 10 species of Fritillaria make identification challenging.[3]
In southwest Oregon F. recurva is similar to the rare F. gentneri. The latter can be distinguished from F. recurva by its branching style and longer nectary glands.
References
edit- ^ The Plant List
- ^ a b c Flora of North America, Fritillaria recurva
- ^ a b c d e f g Sierra Nevada Wildflowers, Karen Wiese, 2nd ed., 2013, p. 97
- ^ Calflora taxon report, Fritillaria recurva Benth. scarlet fritillary
- ^ Biota of North America project, 2013 county distribution map, Fritillaria recurva
- ^ Kew World Checklist of Selected Plant Families, Fritillaria recurva
- ^ Bentham, George. 1857. Plantas Hartwegianas imprimis Mexicanas 340.
External links
edit
- Jepson Manual Treatment — Fritillaria recurva
- United States Department of Agriculture Plants Profile — Fritillaria recurva
- Fritillaria recurva — University of California @ Berkeley, Calphotos Photo gallery
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