Frederick North, 5th Earl of Guilford, GCMG, FRS (7 February 1766 – 14 October 1827), styled The Honourable Frederick North until 1817, was a British politician and colonial administrator.
The Earl of Guilford | |
|---|---|
 | |
| 1st Governor of British Ceylon | |
| In office 12 October 1798 – 19 July 1805 | |
| Monarch | George III |
| Preceded by | Robert Andrews (as Resident and Superintendent of British Ceylon) |
| Succeeded by | Thomas Maitland |
| Personal details | |
| Born | 7 February 1766 |
| Died | 14 October 1827 (aged 61) |
| Parent(s) | Frederick North, 2nd Earl of Guilford (father) Anne Speke (mother) |
Early life and education
editNorth was a younger son of Prime Minister Frederick North, 2nd Earl of Guilford (usually referred to as Lord North). He was educated at Eton College (1775–82) and Christ Church, Oxford. In 1791, he converted to the Eastern Orthodox Church and became an ardent adherent.[1] He was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society in 1794.[2]
Career
editParliament
editHe represented Banbury in Parliament from 1792 to 1794.
Secretary of State for Corsica
editNorth served as Secretary of State to the Viceroy Sir Gilbert Elliot from 1794 to 1796 during the short-lived Anglo-Corsican Kingdom . North was tasked with the delicate negotiations with Pasquale Paoli and came to consider that Corsica was effectively 'ungovernable'.[3]
Governor of Ceylon
editHe served as first British Governor of Ceylon from 1798 to 1805. North built his official residence, the Doric Bungalow, near the Mannar Sea according to his own plan; he himself used to supervise the pearl fishery, which at that time provided a substantial income for the British.[4] In 1817, he succeeded his elder brother as fifth Earl of Guilford.
Ionian Academy
editIn 1824, North established the Ionian Academy on the island of Corfu, which was under British control as part of the United States of the Ionian Islands. It was the first University to be established in modern Greece. In this context, he financed the studies in France (at Ecole polytechnique) of Giovanni Carandino, the founder of the modern Greek mathematics. The academy has now closed but a statue of the Earl stands on the island. A library and a street are also named after him.[5]
Death
editLord Guilford died unmarried in October 1827, aged 61, and was succeeded in his titles by his cousin, Francis North, 6th Earl of Guilford .[citation needed]
Notes
edit- ^ "Bookplate of Frederick North, fifth Earl of Guildford (1766-1827)". St John's College Cambridge. Retrieved 26 January 2020.
- ^ "Fellow Details". Royal Society. Retrieved 27 January 2017.
- ^ Gregory, Desmond (1985). The Ungovernable Rock. A History of the Anglo-Corsican Kingdom and its role in Britain's Mediterranean Strategy during the Revolutionary War (1793-1797). Associated University Presses,Inc. pp. 134–135. ISBN 0-8386-3225-4.
- ^ Profile, san.beck.org. Accessed 7 January 2023.
- ^ Miller (1966), p. 123.
References
edit- Miller, W., The Ottoman Empire and its Successors: 1801–1927 (London, 1966), p. 123
- Kidd, Charles, Williamson, David (editors). Debrett's Peerage and Baronetage (1990 edition). New York: St Martin's Press, 1990.
External links
edit
 | This biography of an earl in the peerage of Great Britain is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it. |
   | This article about a Member of the Parliament of Great Britain (1707–1800) representing an English constituency is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it. |