Frans van Ravelingen Latinized Franciscus Raphelengius (February 27, 1539 – July 20, 1597), was a Flemish-born scholar, printer and publisher, working in Antwerp and later in Leiden. During the last decade of his life he was professor of Hebrew at Leiden University. He produced an Arabic-Latin dictionary, of about 550 pages, which was published posthumously in 1613 in Leiden. This was the first publication by printing press of a book-length dictionary for the Arabic language in Latin.
Life
editRaphelengius was born in Lannoy, then part of the County of Flanders. He first studied in Ghent. His mother, after the death of her husband, intended her son to go into trade and sent him to Nuremberg. Instead he devoted himself to language studies there. Later he studied Greek and Hebrew in Paris, especially under the tutelage of Professor Jean Mercerus. When the civil wars forced him to leave France, he travelled to Cambridge, England, where he may have taught Greek letters.[1]
On his return to the Low Countries in 1564 he stopped in Antwerp to buy books. Believing that he had a disposition for the profession of proofreader, he joined the printer Christopher Plantin as a proofreader. Plantin soon realised the value Raphelengius could have for him due to his ability to read and write Latin, Greek, Hebrew, Chaldean, Siriaque, Arabic, French, Flemish and other languages. Plantin liked him so much that the following year he gave him his daughter Marguerite in marriage.[1]
Raphelengius collaborated on the Plantin Polyglot Bible in which the Bible was printed in Hebrew, Aramaic (Chaldaic), Syriac, Greek, and Latin (published in Antwerp 1569–1573). He later managed the Plantin printing office in Leiden and was official printer for Leiden university. His sons Christopher and Frans continued the Raphelengius printing business. His scholarly printing qualities were one of the attractions that drew Joseph Justus Scaliger to Leiden in 1593.[2]
Raphelengius had studied Arabic in Antwerp and Leiden, starting in the early 1570s, and was doing it intensively in the early 1590s. His Arabic-to-Latin dictionary was intended for people like himself who were trying to read Arabic texts in Europe. It was later superseded by the 1653 Arabic-to-Latin dictionary of Jacobus Golius.
Further reading
edit- Fuks, Lajb, et al., Hebrew Typography in the Northern Netherlands, 1585–1815, year 1984 on pages 16-17, has a biography of Franciscus Raphelengius
- "The Arabic type specimen of Franciscus Raphelengius's Plantinian Printing Office" Archived 2016-03-21 at the Wayback Machine, by John A. Lane, year 1997, provides a biography of Raphelengius on pages ix - x
- Article, "Franciscus Raphelengius' Lexicon Arabico-Latinum, Leiden 1613", by Alastair Hamilton, year 1989 on pages 557-589 in the book Studia in memoriam Christophori Plantini (ca. 1520-1589). The article enumerates the principal sources that Raphelengius had for compiling his Arabic-Latin dictionary. Includes a list of Arabic manuscripts owned by Raphelengius that are nowadays owned by University of Leiden.
- (in German) Raphelengius, Franz (Humanist) in Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie, year 1888
- Lexicon Arabicum, by Franciscus Raphelengius, year 1613
- WorldCat catalog lists a few of the books printed by Franciscus Raphelengius as printer: REF Archived 2021-09-08 at the Wayback Machine.
References
edit- ^ a b Entry on Franciscus Raphelengius (1539-1597) at the Bibliothèque nationale de France (in French)
- ^ Discours de M. le chanoine De Schrevel, Annales du comité flamand de France, vol. 27, 1903-1904, pp. 71-74] (in French)
External links
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Media related to Franciscus Raphelengius at Wikimedia Commons