Wikipedia

Francisco Kalbuadi Lay

Francisco Kalbuadi "Chico" Lay (né Francisco Lay; born 7 February 1954) is an East Timorese politician and a member of the National Congress for Timorese Reconstruction (Portuguese: Congresso Nacional de Reconstrução de Timor, CNRT).

Francisco Kalbuadi Lay
Deputy Prime Minister of East Timor
Incumbent
Assumed office
1 July 2023
Prime MinisterXanana Gusmão
Preceded by
Coordinating Minister of Economic Affairs
Incumbent
Assumed office
1 July 2023
Prime MinisterXanana Gusmão
Preceded byJoaquim Amaral
Minister of Tourism and Environment
Incumbent
Assumed office
1 July 2023
Prime MinisterXanana Gusmão
Preceded by
Personal details
Born
Francisco Lay

(1954-02-07) February 7, 1954 (age 70)
Political partyNational Congress for Timorese Reconstruction (CNRT)
NicknameChico

He is the more senior of East Timor's two incumbent Deputy Prime Ministers,[note 1] and also the incumbent Coordinating Minister of Economic Affairs and Minister of Tourism and Environment, serving since July 2023 in the IX Constitutional Government of East Timor led by Prime Minister Xanana Gusmão.

Early life and career

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Lay was born in the then Portuguese Timor.[1] In 1977, he was captured by the Indonesian army, and started living with Lieutenant General Dading Kalbuadi,[2] commander of the Kopassus special forces who had infiltrated Portuguese Timor in the lead up to the Indonesian invasion of East Timor.[3] Kalbuadi adopted Lay as his son,[1][4] and Lay therefore took the general's family name.[1]

As of early 1988, Lay was manager of CV Amigo, a company owned by General Kalbuadi that was operating in East Timor.[5] At the beginning of the 1990s, Siti Hardiyanti Rukmana, also known as Tutut, eldest daughter of then Indonesian President Suharto, asked Lay, then chair of the East Timorese branch of the Jakarta-backed Indonesian National Youth Committee [id] (Indonesian: Komite Nasional Pemuda Indonesia, KNPI), to chair one of her charities, the Tiara Foundation, in Dili.[1][6]

According to George Junus Aditjondro, an Indonesian critic of the Suharto government, and in particular its activities concerning East Timor:

"The Tiara foundation recruited young Timorese to work in Indonesian factories owned by members and cronies of the Suharto family. This scheme, which initially enjoyed the blessing of Bishop [Carlos] Belo and then Governor [of East Timor] Mario Carrascalao, eventually left around 800 young underpaid Timorese stranded in Indonesia, with many young Timorese dying of unnatural causes in Indonesia and also some of them forming a military-backed gang in Jakarta."[1]

TAPOL, a British NGO established to monitor human rights issues in Indonesia, reported in 1991 that the scheme was "... being encouraged by the military on the assumption that rebelliousness among young East Timorese is caused by unemployment and dissatisfaction with their lot," and that "Tutut's recruitment drive [had] the approval of BAIS, the Strategic Intelligence Agency, which [was] keen to reduce the political pressure in East Timor." However, the report went on to comment that the 'training' under the scheme was just a "two-week indoctrination course", that scheme participants were "low-paid", and that discontent with the scheme had caused tensions between local workers and Timorese in both Semarang and Bandung.[6]

The Tiara Foundation scheme proved to be so controversial that Lay went abroad for a short period.[1] Following his return, he was recruited by Domingos Soares [de], another collaborator with the Indonesians, to manage a provincial government-protected illicit gambling business at Tasitolu near Dili. He was soon fired, amidst allegations that he had embezzled large sums of money from the business.[1] Bishop Belo then recruited him to manage the Don Carlos Foundation, one of the charities of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Dili. In that capacity, Lay travelled with the bishop to Australia shortly before the UN-supervised East Timorese independence referendum in 1999;[1] at the end of that year, Asiaweek described him as an "aide" to Belo.[4]

Meanwhile, Lay had also been involved in other activities. For a long time, he was an informant for the Combined Intelligence Task Force (Indonesian: Satuan Tugas Intelijen, SGI),[7] the intelligence arm of Kopassus.[8] Additionally, in 1998 he and two other Timorese businessmen, Oscar Lima [de] and Ahmad Alkatiri, a younger brother of Mari Alkatiri, combined with Gerry Hand, a former minister in Australia's Hawke and Keating governments, to plan a 30- to 40-room hotel in Dili, and tender for a 400-room complex also in Dili. Hand had been, but was no longer, running several joint ventures on Christmas Island with Robby Sumampouw, a prominent Indonesian businessman.[1] In mid-1998, columnist Brian Toohey wrote in the Australian Financial Review that:

"Hand attracted ... controversy by representing ... Sumampow, whom he has described as 'a very good friend'.

Although Hand [had] been a vocal critic of Indonesia's occupation of East Timor, Sumampow made a large part of his fortune by gaining a lucrative share of the former Portuguese colony's coffee, sandalwood, marble, hotel and retail industries. Sumpampow's access to East Timor was facilitated by his close association with General Benny Moerdani, who planned the 1975 [Indonesian] invasion [of the former colony]."[9]

Political career

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Early parliamentary career

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Lay began his political career as a member of the Fretilin party. In 2001, he was elected as a Fretilin candidate to the Constituent Assembly of East Timor, from which the National Parliament emerged in 2002.[10][11][12] During that legislative term, he was one of three members nominated by the Constituent Assembly to join the commission responsible for assessing the needs of the future National Parliament,[13] and was later President of the Economics and Finance Commission of the National Parliament.[14]

Lay was not included in the list of candidates for the 2007 parliamentary election.[15] By 2012, he had switched his allegiance to the CNRT; he served as President of the CNRT's political campaigns committee for that year's parliamentary election,[16] but once again was not in the list of candidates.[17]

Minister of Tourism

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Official photo of Lay as Minister of Tourism, Arts and Culture in 2015

On 8 August 2012, Lay was sworn in as the Minister of Tourism in the V Constitutional Government led by Prime Minister Xanana Gusmão.[18][19] When that Constitutional Government was replaced on 16 February 2015 by the VI Constitutional Government led by new Prime Minister Rui Maria de Araújo, Lay continued as a minister, under the new designation Minister of Tourism, Arts and Culture.[20][21]

In 2017, Lay defeated the incumbent Secretary General of the CNRT, Dionísio Babo Soares, in an election for that post at the party congress.[22]

In that year's parliamentary election, Lay returned to the National Parliament at #5 on the CNRT list, but he resigned on 6 September 2017, the second day of the session.[23][24] With the CNRT going into opposition after the election, Lay also lost his ministerial post upon formation of the VI Constitutional Government on 15 September 2017. One of his replacements, Manuel Vong, was sworn in as Minister of Tourism; the other, Fernando Hanjam, became Minister of Education and Culture.[25][26]

Controversies

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In 2018, the National Parliament was dissolved early. In the elections that followed, Lay was again elected to the parliament, this time in 4th place on the list of the Alliance for Change and Progress (AMP), of which the CNRT was part.[27] During the formation of the VIII Constitutional Government, Lay was nominated for appointment as Minister for Trade, Industry, Environment and Tourism. However, President Francisco Guterres rejected that nomination and 10 others, in Lay's case because he had allegedly been involved in a corruption scandal.[28][29]

The president's rejection of the ministerial nominations created a deadlock between Timor-Leste's two main political parties, the CNRT and Fretilin.[30][31][32]

In August 2018, the CNRT called for Guterres to be impeached if he did not approve the nominations "within 10 days", but Guterres, who was also president of Fretilin, was unmoved.[33][34] At the start of the following year, 2019, Lay and another rejected ministerial nominee, Sérgio Lobo, were overseas when they received notifications to attend court hearings, and therefore did not attend the hearings. Fretilin responded by expressing concern that Timor-Leste did not have any extradition treaties with any country.[35] Meanwhile, the CNRT maintained its position that its ministerial nominees were innocent until proven guilty, and Guterres repeatedly called for new nominations.[34]

At the end of February 2019, Lay returned to the parliament, as his nomination for the ministry had been rejected.[34] Speaking in parliament after his return, Lay confirmed that he had received three summonses from the High Court, but had not attended the court hearings, as he had been receiving medical treatment in Singapore.[36] He also denied being present in parliament to gain legal immunity,[36] and insisted that he would cooperate with the court.[37] The legal proceedings related to allegations of corruption while he had been serving as Minister of Tourism, Arts and Culture, and were still only at an investigation stage. During a meeting with Guterres on the Friday of that week, the President of the National Parliament [de], Arão Noé [de], said that the parliament would "only" discuss whether to revoke Lay's legal immunity if the High Court sent out another summons for Lay to appear.[36]

The Commander of the Timor Leste Defence Force, Lere Anan Timur, then intervened.[36] In a statement, made from the office of the president, for which the East Timor Law & Justice Bulletin later heavily criticised him as illegitimately interfering in civil political processes,[38] he said that the parliament should have waited until the High Court had resolved the corruption proceedings against Lay before allowing him to resume his membership.[36] The following day, Lay was seen leaving Timor-Leste on a VIP aircraft; that event prompted Dili newspaper Jornal Independente to observe that "... commentators have suggested that Lay's behaviour sets a dangerous precedent for accepted behaviour of national leaders."[37]

 
Lay during a media interview in 2020

On 18 March 2019, the Public Prosecutor sent a notification letter to the parliament calling for a revocation of Lay's legal immunity. The letter was signed as received by Carmelita Moniz [de], chair of the parliament's Committee on Constitutional Affairs and Justice (Committee A), and sent to Arão Noé. However, as noted by Fretilin member Antoninho Bianco [de] in an address to parliament more than a month later, no further action was taken on the letter.[39] In May 2021, Lay moved to Australia to undergo medical treatment that caused him to miss a court hearing. He returned to Timor-Leste in February 2022 and received another court summons, with which, he said through a spokesman, he would comply.[40]

Meanwhile, in January 2022 former President José Ramos-Horta came out of retirement to stand as a candidate in that year's presidential election, as he considered that Guterres had violated the constitution.[31][32] He stated that in the event of winning the presidential election, he would potentially dissolve parliament and call for new elections.[31][32] The CNRT had decided to support him on the basis that, amongst other things, he "... , if elected, must restore constitutional order and exercise constitutional powers and dissolve parliament and call early elections."[41][42][43] In the runoff between the two leading candidates, Ramos-Horta defeated Guterres with 62.1% of the total votes cast.[31] However, the CNRT subsequently changed its strategy on whether it required Ramos-Horta to dissolve parliament and call early elections; Lay, in his capacity as CNRT secretary general, announced the change in strategy to reporters at a party meeting held in June 2022.[43]

Deputy Prime Minister

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In the 2023 parliamentary election, Lay was the 2nd placed candidate on the CNRT list, and was elected once again to the National Parliament.[44] The CNRT won the election, and its victory was attributed by The Oekusi Post to hard work by Lay, the CNRT's party president Xanana Gusmão, and others, in effectively conveying the party's message or political slogan of "Human Fraternity" (Portuguese: Fraternidade Humana).[45] Lay was involved in the post-election negotiations between the CNRT and the Democratic Party (PD) over the formation of a IX Constitutional Government as a coalition between the two parties.[46] On 1 July 2023, he was sworn in as Deputy Prime Minister, Coordinating Minister of Economic Affairs, and Minister of Tourism and Environment in the IX Constitutional Government,[47][48][49] and therefore gave up his parliamentary seat.[44]

Also in July 2023, Lay told a news outlet based in Belu, an Indonesian regency that shares a border with East Timor, that the new government would continue striving to develop infrastructure in all regionsm with a view to supporting sustainable economic growth. "Establishing a new country is not easy, but we are trying to continue building," he said.[50] During the remaining months of 2023, he made official visits to Cambodia[51][52] and Malaysia,[53][54] and attended a working party meeting of the World Trade Organization (WTO) in Geneva, at which he, as the newly appointed Chief Negotiator for Timor-Leste's accession to the WTO, indicated a "strong personal commitment" to leading East Timor through the final steps of that process.[55][56]

Additionally, at ceremonies held in Bandar Seri Begawan, Brunei, and Dili, respectively, in November 2023, Lay signed a Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) with the Sultan of Brunei Darussalam, Hassanal Bolkiah, for a program to send workers from Timor-Leste to Brunei,[57][58] and an MoU with five Chinese companies for donations to be made to Timor-Leste to a total value he said was estimated at around US$300 million.[59]

In February 2024, at the WTO's 13th ministerial meeting in Abu Dhabi, Lay signed the Protocol of the Accession of Timor-Leste to the WTO, and thereby indicated that Timor-Leste accepted the "accessions package" subject to ratification in its national parliament.[60][61] In April 2024, Lay launched the Timor-Leste Trade Information Portal, aimed at making import and export easier and less costly.[62] At the 6th Ministerial Conference of Forum Macao in Macau later that month, he signed the Forum's Action Plan for Economic and Trade Cooperation (2024–2027);[63] in an address to the conference, he also highlighted the forum's "important role" in facilitating cooperation between China and Portuguese-speaking countries in relation to infrastructure projects.[64][65] The following month, May 2024, at the Ministry of Finance's annual Development Partners Meeting, Lay presided over a technical discussion on Timor-Lest's economic development sector, during which he outlined the government's priorities in key productive sectors of the economy, and identified the major challenges the government considered those sectors were facing.[66][67]

In July 2024, in Geneva, Lay completed the process of Timor-Leste's accession to the WTO, by submitting to the WTO its Protocol of Accession and Instrument of Acceptance of the Fisheries Subsidy Agreement.[68][69] At the end of that month, in Beijing, he signed an MoU with the People's Republic of China focused on strengthening investment cooperation in the digital economy and promoting green development, along with an additional agreement with the China International Development Cooperation Agency (CIDCA) to advance infrastructure projects in Timor-Leste.[70] In October 2024, during an official visit by Xanana Gusmão and several of his ministers to Lisbon, Lay signed a cooperation agreement to develop the Revive programme for the support of high value historic public properties in Timor-Leste.[71][72]

At the 28th ASEAN Labour Ministers Meeting in Singapore in October 2024, Lay represented Timor-Leste, including by giving a speech in which he stressed the importance of regional cooperation in facing global changes in the labour market, and signaled Timor-Leste's commitment to collaborating with ASEAN countries to formulate labour policies promoting inclusive development and well-being of citizens. He also met with Singapore's Minister for Foreign Affairs, Vivian Balakrishnan, to discuss Timor-Leste's integration process into ASEAN.[73] The following month, he gave the welcoming speech at the inaugural Timor-Leste Tourism Investment Forum held in Dili.[74] In December 2024, he represented Timor-Leste at the International Forum on Soil and Water 2024 in Bangkok. In his speech at the opening session, he drew attention to Timor-Leste's commitment to the promotion of sustainable agricultural practices, improvement of soil productivity and implementation of community-based water management.[75]

Personal life

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Lay is a member of East Timor's small ethnic Chinese community. His brother, Pedro Lay [de], was Minister of Infrastructure from 2007 to 2012, and Minister of Transport and Communications between 2012 and 2015.[18][19][76]

References

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Footnote

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  1. ^ The Constitution of Timor-Leste provides, in sections 104 and 105, for the appointment of officials referred to in its English language version as "Deputy Ministers". In other English language publications, those officials are commonly referred to as "Vice Ministers", even though the word "Vice", in context, arguably has a different meaning in English from the word "Deputy". In this article, the constitutional expression "Deputy" is used.

Notes

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  1. ^ a b c d e f g h i Aditjondro, George J. (2001). Timor Lorosa'e on the Crossroads: Timor Lorosa'e's transformation from Jakarta's colony to a global capitalist Outpost. Jakarta: CeDSoS (Center for Democracy and Social Justice Studies}. ISBN 9799653401.
  2. ^ "UN Timor Developments". TAPOL Report. 24 February 1994. ISSN 1356-1154. Archived from the original on 7 November 2004. Retrieved 30 December 2024.
  3. ^ Hidayat, Bebet I (4 September 2020). "Kisah Kolonel Dading di Operasi Seroja Timor Timur Kini Timor Leste, Hanya Modal Topi & Celana Jeans" [The Story of Colonel Dading in Operation Seroja East Timor Now Timor Leste, Wearing Only a Hat & Jeans]. Pos-kupang.com (in Indonesian). Archived from the original on 19 July 2022. Retrieved 30 December 2024.
  4. ^ a b "Larger Than Life: Dading Kalbuadi". Asiaweek. 31 December 1999. ISSN 1012-6244. Archived from the original on 29 January 2011. Retrieved 31 December 2024.
  5. ^ "How monopolies control an Indonesian colony" (PDF). TAPOL Report. 85: 12–13. February 1988. ISSN 1356-1154. Archived (PDF) from the original on 17 July 2018. Retrieved 30 December 2024.
  6. ^ a b "Timorese youth being transferred to Java" (PDF). TAPOL Report. 106: 10. August 1991. ISSN 1356-1154. Archived (PDF) from the original on 17 July 2018. Retrieved 30 December 2024.
  7. ^ McDonald, Hamish; Ball, Desmond; Dunn, James; et al. (2002). Masters of Terror: Indonesia's militarv and violence in East Timor in 1999. Canberra papers on strategy and defence 145. Canberra: Australian National University. pp. 82, 211. ISBN 0731554191.
  8. ^ Toohey, Brian (1 June 1999). "Pain from 'honest' exercise". Australian Financial Review. Retrieved 31 December 2024.
  9. ^ Toohey, Brian (11 July 1998). "Australian cronies and other capitalists". Australian Financial Review. Retrieved 31 December 2024.
  10. ^ "LISTA ALFABÉTICA DOS DEPUTADOS". National Parliament of East Timor (in Portuguese). Archived from the original on 28 September 2007. Retrieved 3 August 2023.
  11. ^ "Deputados Legislatura 2002-2007". National Parliament of East Timor (in Portuguese). Archived from the original on 2 July 2022. Retrieved 3 August 2023.
  12. ^ Devereux, Annemarie (2015). Timor-Leste's Bill of Rights: A Preliminary History (PDF). Acton, ACT: ANU Press. p. 306. ISBN 9781925022391.
  13. ^ "Constituent Assembly Consultation schedule revised" (Press release). Dili: Constitutent Assembly of East Timor. 12 February 2002. Retrieved 3 January 2025.
  14. ^ Paul Lynch, Member for Liverpool (3 July 2003). "East Timorese Community Events". Parliamentary Debates (Hansard). New South Wales: Legislative Assembly. p. 2874. Archived from the original on 1 April 2011.
  15. ^ "List of admitted candidates for National Parliament election 30 June 2007" (PDF). Dili: Comissão Nacional de Eleições. 21 May 2007. Retrieved 3 January 2025.
  16. ^ "Gusmao thanks participation of people in elections". Timor Newsline. 12 July 2012. Archived from the original on 16 February 2013. Retrieved 8 August 2023.
  17. ^ Compendium of the 2012 Elections in Timor-Leste (PDF). Dili: UNMIT and UNDP. 21 June 2012.
  18. ^ a b "Swearing in of the V Constitutional Government". Government of Timor-Leste. 9 August 2012. Retrieved 9 August 2023.
  19. ^ a b "V Constitutional Government". Government of Timor-Leste. Retrieved 9 August 2023.
  20. ^ "VI Constitutional Government is sworn-in". Government of Timor-Leste. 16 February 2015. Retrieved 9 August 2023.
  21. ^ "VI Constitutional Government". Government of Timor-Leste. Retrieved 9 August 2023.
  22. ^ "Xanana continua presidente do maior partido de Timor-Leste, Kalbuadi eleito secretário-geral" [Xanana remains president of East Timor's largest party, Kalbuadi elected secretary-general]. Diário de Notícias (in Portuguese). Lusa. 1 May 2017. Retrieved 9 August 2023.
  23. ^ "Who is in Timor-Leste's new Parliament? / Se tuir iha Parlamentu Nasionál foun?". La'o Hamutuk: Timor-Leste Institute for Development Monitoring and Analysis. 23 July 2017. Retrieved 9 August 2023.
  24. ^ Chatarina, Julia (6 September 2017). "Deputadu Nain Haat Hosi Bankada CNRT Substitui Kargu" [Four Members of Parliament from the CNRT List are Substituted in Office.] (in Tetum). Tatoli. Retrieved 9 August 2023.
  25. ^ "VII Governo constitucional de Timor-Leste toma hoje posse incompleto" [VII Constitutional Government of Timor-Leste takes incomplete possession today]. Sapo.pt. 15 September 2017. Retrieved 9 August 2023.
  26. ^ "VII Constitutional Government". Government of Timor-Leste. Retrieved 9 August 2023.
  27. ^ "Aviso: Lista Definitiva de Candidaturas Eleição Parlamentar 12 de Maio de 2018" [Notice: Final List of Candidates Parliamentary Election 12 May 2018] (PDF) (Press release) (in Portuguese). Democratic Republic of East Timor. Retrieved 9 August 2023.
  28. ^ Sainsbury, Michael (22 June 2018). "Turmoil for new Timor-Leste PM as 11 ministerial nominations nixed". UCA News. Retrieved 9 August 2023.
  29. ^ Belo, Jose (27 July 2018). "New Timor-Leste govt beset with problems as Gusmao walks away". La Croix international. Archived from the original on 11 August 2020. Retrieved 9 August 2023.
  30. ^ Ximenes, Cristina (6 July 2018). "Timor-Leste Government: Minister Gaps Remain Unresolved". Jornal Independente, Timor-Leste. Retrieved 4 January 2025.
  31. ^ a b c d "Timor-Leste presidential election: José Ramos-Horta wins in landslide". The Guardian. Agence France-Presse. 20 April 2022. Archived from the original on 21 April 2022. Retrieved 21 April 2022.
  32. ^ a b c "Ramos-Horta takes commanding lead in East Timor presidential vote". Al Jazeera. 20 April 2022. Archived from the original on 21 April 2022. Retrieved 21 April 2022.
  33. ^ Xavier, Jacinto (10 August 2018). "CNRT Calls for Impeachment of Timor-Leste's President Over Ministerial Cabinet Stall". Jornal Independente, Timor-Leste. Retrieved 4 January 2025.
  34. ^ a b c Xavier, Jacinto (1 March 2019). "CNRT to maintain ministerial nominees but says cabinet solution up to PM". Jornal Independente, Timor-Leste. Retrieved 4 January 2025.
  35. ^ Xavier, Jacinto (25 January 2019). "Fretilin Calls For Extradition Policies to End High Profile Citizens Escaping Court Hearings". Jornal Independente, Timor-Leste. Retrieved 4 January 2025.
  36. ^ a b c d e Ximenes, Cristina (5 March 2019). "Lere Urges Resolution of Kalbuadi Lay Case". Jornal Independente, Timor-Leste. Retrieved 4 January 2025.
  37. ^ a b Xavier, Jacinto (7 March 2019). "Kalbuadi Lay Under Fire As He's Caught Exiting Timor-Leste". Jornal Independente, Timor-Leste. Retrieved 4 January 2025.
  38. ^ "Military interferes with due process of law". East Timor Law & Justice Bulletin. 6 March 2019. Retrieved 3 January 2025.
  39. ^ Amado, Tomé (6 May 2019). "Bianco Questions Parliament's Handling of Lay's Political Immunity". Jornal Independente, Timor-Leste. Retrieved 4 January 2025.
  40. ^ Gusmao, Martinha (3 March 2022). "Timor-Leste's Opposition Leader Summoned to Court". Jornal Independente, Timor-Leste. Retrieved 4 January 2025.
  41. ^ "CNRT quer que Ramos-Horta dissolva parlamento timorense se for eleito PR" [CNRT wants Ramos-Horta to dissolve Timorese parliament if elected president]. RTP Notícias (in Portuguese). Lusa. 23 January 2022. Retrieved 3 January 2025.
  42. ^ Leach, Michael (24 January 2022). "Timor-Leste: comebacks and contests ahead of presidential elections". The Interpreter. Lowy Institute. Archived from the original on 23 March 2022. Retrieved 3 January 2025.
  43. ^ a b Oki, Raimundos (28 June 2022). "Kalbuadi: CNRT will not force PR Horta to dissolve parliament". The Oekusi Post. Retrieved 3 January 2025.
  44. ^ a b "Who will be in the RDTL National Parliament from 2023-2028?" (PDF). La'o Hamutuk: Timor-Leste Institute for Development Monitoring and Analysis. 4 July 2023. Retrieved 9 August 2023.
  45. ^ "The secret factor behind the victory of the CNRT party in the two elections in Timor-Leste". The Oekusi Post. 4 June 2023. Retrieved 31 December 2024.
  46. ^ Martins, Filomeno (31 May 2023). "PD and CNRT begin the initial meeting to form a coalition government". Tatoli. Retrieved 31 December 2024.
  47. ^ Sousa, Nelson de (1 July 2023). "PR Horta sei akompaña serbisu IX Governu" [President Horta will accompany the work of the IX Government] (in Tetum). Tatoli. Retrieved 1 July 2023.
  48. ^ Martins, Filomeno (30 June 2023). "The list of structure of IX Constitutional Government announced in Official Gazette". Tatoli. Retrieved 1 July 2023.
  49. ^ Martins, Filomeno (1 July 2023). "Xanana Gusmão sworn in as Timor-Leste's new Prime Minister". Tatoli. Retrieved 3 July 2023.
  50. ^ Payong, Evan Dile (6 July 2023). "Republik Democratik Timor Leste Gencar Bangunan Infrastruktur Dorong Ekonomi Masyarakat Timor Leste" [Democratic Republic of Timor Leste Intensifies Infrastructure Building to Boost Timor Leste Community Economy]. iNews Belu (in Indonesian). Retrieved 1 January 2025.
  51. ^ Nhean Chamrong (29 August 2023). "Timor-Leste keen on strengthening ties with Cambodia". Khmer Times. Retrieved 1 January 2025.
  52. ^ "Vice Prime Minister Kalbuadi Lay Strengthens Cooperation Relations during Official Visit to Cambodia". Government of Timor-Leste. 31 August 2023. Retrieved 1 January 2025.
  53. ^ "Working visit of the Vice Prime Minister of the Democratic Republic of Timor-Leste" (Press release). Putrajaya: Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Malaysia). 3 December 2023. Retrieved 1 January 2025.
  54. ^ "Timor-Leste looks forward to its officals' [sic] training in Malaysia". The Sun (Malaysia). 5 December 2023. Retrieved 1 January 2025.
  55. ^ Lay, Francisco Kalbuadi (11 October 2023). Opening Statement by the Chief Negotiator of The Government of The Democratic Republic of Timor-Leste as an Acceding Country to The World Trade Organization (PDF) (Speech). WTO 6th Working Party Meeting. Geneva: World Trade Organization. Retrieved 1 January 2025.
  56. ^ "Timor-Leste has reached the final steps to complete WTO accession negotiations". The Oekusi Post. 16 October 2023. Retrieved 2 January 2025.
  57. ^ Sousa, Camilio de (7 November 2023). "TL - Brunei Darussalam sign MoU on Labor Cooperation". Tatoli. Retrieved 1 January 2025.
  58. ^ Ximenes, Cristina (10 November 2023). "Timor-Leste, Brunei Darussalam Sign MOU on Labor Program". Jornal Independente, Timor-Leste. Retrieved 2 January 2025.
  59. ^ de Sa, Jose (25 November 2023). "Five Chinese Companies sign donation agreement with Gov-TL". Tatoli. Retrieved 1 January 2025.
  60. ^ Araújo, Joanico de (26 February 2024). "Timor-Leste officially becomes full member of the WTO". Tatoli. Retrieved 2 January 2025.
  61. ^ "Timor-Leste's participation in the WTO accession protocol signing ceremony". The Oekusi Post. 2 March 2024. Retrieved 2 January 2025.
  62. ^ Sousa, Camilio de (11 April 2024). "Timor-Leste Launches Information Portal to Boost Trade, Expand Market Access". Tatoli. Retrieved 2 January 2025.
  63. ^ Sousa, Camilio de (18 April 2024). "Minister Lay to sign Action Plan for Economic and Trade Cooperation". Tatoli. Retrieved 2 January 2025.
  64. ^ "Li Hongzhong makes 4 suggestions, announces 6 new measures for Forum Macao". Macau Post Daily. 23 April 2024. Retrieved 2 January 2025.
  65. ^ Sá, Gonçalo César de (21 June 2024). "Strengthening Sino-Lusophone ties at Forum Macao". Macao Magazine. Macao Government Information Bureau. Retrieved 2 January 2025.
  66. ^ "2024 TL and Development Partners Meeting". La'o Hamutuk: Timor-Leste Institute for Development Monitoring and Analysis. 4 June 2024. Retrieved 2 January 2025.
  67. ^ Lay, Francisco Kalbuadi (May 2024). Introductory Remarks/Technical Discussion on the Economic Development Sector Lead Ministry – Vice-Prime Minister and Minister Coordinator for Economic Affairs and Minister of Tourism & Environment (PDF) (Speech). 2024 TL and Development Partners Meeting. Dili: La'o Hamutuk: Timor-Leste Institute for Development Monitoring and Analysis. Retrieved 2 January 2025.
  68. ^ Sousa, Camilio de (22 July 2024). "Gov-TL submits Protocol of Accession and Instrument of Acceptance of Fisheries Subsidies Agreement to WTO". Tatoli. Retrieved 1 January 2025.
  69. ^ "TL has submitted an instrument for acceptance of fisheries subsidy to the WTO". The Oekusi Post. 23 July 2024. Retrieved 2 January 2025.
  70. ^ Sousa, Camilio de (31 July 2024). "Timor-Leste strengthens economic ties with China through new agreements". Tatoli. Retrieved 2 January 2025.
  71. ^ Sousa, Camilio de (2 October 2024). "Portugal and TL to sign Cooperation Protocol on Development and Implementation of REVIVE Program". Tatoli. Retrieved 2 January 2025.
  72. ^ "Portugal and East Timor sign cooperation programme for 75 million euros". XXIV Constitutional Government of Portugal. 14 October 2024. Retrieved 2 January 2025.
  73. ^ de Sa, Jose (4 November 2024). "Timor-Leste aligns with ASEAN to address challenges of labour future". Tatoli. Retrieved 2 January 2025.
  74. ^ Sousa, Camilio de (21 November 2024). "Tourism Investment Forum introduces Timor-Leste's opportunities to invite more investors". Tatoli. Retrieved 2 January 2025.
  75. ^ de Sa, Jose (12 December 2024). "Timor-Leste participates in International Forum on Soil and Water to Combat Global Environmental Challenges". Tatoli. Retrieved 2 January 2025.
  76. ^ Huber, Juliette (2021). "Chapter 2: At the Periphery of Nanyang: The Hakka Community of Timor-Leste". In Hoogervorst, Tom; Chia, Caroline (eds.). Sinophone Southeast Asia: Sinitic voices across the Southern Seas. Leiden, Boston: Brill. pp. 52–90. doi:10.1163/9789004473263_004. ISBN 9789004473263.
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