Frances Elizabeth Deacon (née Potter) (1837–1930) was an English chemist and druggist who was the first woman to qualify after the 1868 Pharmacy Act, which made registration with the Pharmaceutical Society of Great Britain (PSGB) compulsory in order to work as a pharmacist.[1][2]
Frances Elizabeth Deacon | |
|---|---|
| Born | 17 September 1837  Kibworth Beauchamp |
| Died | 1930 |
| Occupation | Pharmacist |
Early life
editFanny Potter was born on 17 September 1837, at Kibworth.[3] She recorded as a "scholar at home" aged 13 at 10 Leicester Road, Kibworth Beauchamp, Leicestershire in the 1851 census. Her parents William (born in Marylebone in c.1804) and Elizabeth (born in Kibworth in c.1805) had two other children, sons James (born c.1836) and Cyrus (born c.1846), and were able to afford a live-in servant.
Education and career
editFanny registered as a Chemist & Druggist on 5 February 1869, having taken the Pharmaceutical Society's Modified exam, established by the Pharmacy Act to allow assistants who had been "actually engaged and employed in the dispensing and compounding of Prescriptions" for at least three years to be placed on its Register.[4] Her father also joined the register for the first time as a result of the Pharmacy Act, qualifying as a Chemist & Druggist under the clause that allowed those in business before 1 August 1868 to register without taking an exam.
She joined 215 female pharmacists who were included in the first compulsory Register in 1869 (1.9% of the total number of 11,638).[1] Many had taken over businesses from their fathers or husbands, some were running a pharmacy independently. Unlike other professions including medicine, women were not excluded from taking the Pharmaceutical Society's exams alongside their male counterparts, even though the male hierarchy of the PSGB and the profession had not considered them in their drawing up of the PSGB educational scheme. However, women were not permitted to become PSGB members. They could work as pharmacists, but were not allowed to play a role in the profession's organisation or regulation.[2][5]
Fanny worked as her father's assistant after registration, as she had done so before it. In the 1871 census, she is listed as "chemist" still living with her parents on Leicester Road.
Personal life
editFanny married Abraham Deacon (1828–1911), a widower, in the Independent Chapel in neighbouring Kibworth Harcourt on 23 September 1875 when he was aged 46 and she was 37. He already had three daughters, Sarah, Mary and Harriet from his first marriage. The couple had a son, Augustine Henry, in around 1877. The family lived in Fleckney where Deacon is first recorded as a draper, but later as a post master. By 1881, he had founded a Strict & Particular Baptist Church at Carmel Chapel on Wolsey Lane in the village, and worked as its Minister. Local records suggest that he taught himself to read and write, and was an author and poet as well as a pastor.[6] He opened his post office also on Wolsey Lane in Fleckney, probably in the 1880s, and Fanny worked in the same building as a Chemist & Druggist. Fanny's parents had moved to Fleckney in 1876, and some time after William's death in 1882, their step-granddaughter Harriet moved in as a companion to Fanny's widowed mother Elizabeth aged 87.
Abraham died on 16 February 1911, but Fanny is still listed as a Chemist & Druggist in the census of that year, in spite of her age of 73, with Harriet her step-daughter living with her. In fact, she stayed on the Pharmaceutical Society's Register until her death on 15 January 1930, in Fleckney, aged 92. The cause of death was reported as "Shock caused by the deceased accidentally falling downstairs on 23rd December 1929."
As the result of a public vote,[7] on 16 June 2022, a commemorative green plaque was unveiled to Fanny Deacon in Wolsey Lane, Fleckney, where she lived and ran her own business.[8]
References
editSources
edit- Census: 1851, 1871, 1881, 1891, 1911
- Pharmaceutical Society Registers 1869–1930
- Marriage certificate 23 September 1875
- Death certificate 15 January 1930
Footnotes
edit- ^ a b F.), Holloway, S. W. F. (Sydney W. (1991). Royal Pharmaceutical Society of Great Britain, 1841-1991 : a political and social history. London: Pharmaceutical Press. ISBN 0853692440. OCLC 28427228.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - ^ a b Briony., Hudson (2013). The School of Pharmacy, University of London : medicines, science and society, 1842-2012. Boylan, Maureen. London: Elsevier. ISBN 9780124076655. OCLC 862423985.
- ^ Hudson, Briony (2019). "Potter (married name Deacon), Frances Elizabeth [Fanny] (1837–1930), pharmacist". www.oxforddnb.com. doi:10.1093/odnb/9780198614128.013.369118. ISBN 9780198614128. Retrieved 24 September 2019.
- ^ Jordan, Ellen (1 September 1998). ""The great principle of english fair-play": male champions, the english women's movement and the admission of women to the pharmaceutical society in 1879". Women's History Review. 7 (3): 381–410. doi:10.1080/09612029800200178. ISSN 0961-2025.
- ^ Jordan, Ellen (June 2001). "'Admitting a dozen women into the Society': the first women members of the British Pharmaceutical Society" (PDF). Pharmaceutical Historian. 31 (2): 18–27.
- ^ "Carmel Chapel Fleckney". Retrieved 26 March 2019.
- ^ "Green plaque award". Fleckney Parish Council. 17 September 2021. Retrieved 17 June 2022.
- ^ "First female pharmacist Fanny Deacon honoured with plaque". BBC News. 16 June 2022. Retrieved 16 June 2022.
Further reading
edit- Rayner-Canham, Marlene; Rayner-Canham, Geoffrey (2008). Chemistry Was Their Life: Pioneering British Women Chemists, 1880–1949. Imperial College Press. p. 386. ISBN 1860949878.