France–Kazakhstan relations are the diplomatic relations between France and Kazakhstan. Both nations are members of the Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe.
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History
editAfter the Dissolution of the Soviet Union, Kazakhstan became an independent nation in December 1991. France and Kazakhstan established diplomatic relations on 25 January 1992, with France becoming the first European nation to recognize Kazakhstan.[1] In September 1993, French President François Mitterrand paid an official visit to Kazakhstan.[2] In June 2008, both nations signed a strategic partnership agreement and in 2010, both nations created a joint presidential commission, establishing yearly visits by both heads of state and arranging for yearly consultations between ministers of foreign affairs of both nations, beginning in 2011.[3]
In 2008, France transferred its embassy from the former capital of Almaty to the country's new capital of Astana.[3] In 2010, the two countries created a Franco-Kazakh Presidential Commission, which takes the form of an annual meeting between the two Heads of State.[4] The Alliance Française operates two centers in Kazakhstan, in Astana and in Almaty. In 2017, both nations celebrated 25 years of diplomatic relations.[1] That same year, France participated in the Expo 2017 being held in Astana.[1]
High-level visits
editPresidential visits from France to Kazakhstan[2][5]
- President François Mitterrand (1993)
- President Nicolas Sarkozy (2009)
- President François Hollande (2014)
Presidential visits from Kazakhstan to France
- President Nursultan Nazarbayev (2008, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2015)
- President Kassym-Jomart Tokayev (2022)
Bilateral relations
editSince 1992, both nations have signed several bilateral agreements such as a Treaty of Friendship, Understanding and Cooperation (1992); Agreement on Cultural Cooperation (1993) and an Agreement on direct air and train service for French military personnel and equipment traveling to and from Afghanistan and for the use of Shymkent airbase (2009).[3]
Transport
editThere are direct flights between both nations with Air Astana.
The longest European route, the E40, runs from France to Kazakhstan.
Trade
editIn 2016, trade between France and Kazakhstan totaled €3 billion Euros.[2] Kazakhstan is France's largest trading partner in Central Asia and France is Kazakhstan's sixth largest trading partner globally. France is Kazakhstan's third largest investor, and has invested nearly US$10 billion in the Kazakh economy.[1] French multinational companies such as Alstom, Engie, Peugeot, Renault, Saint-Gobain, Total S.A. and Vicat, among others, operate in Kazakhstan.[1]
List of French ambassadors to Kazakhstan
edit- 1992 1994 Bertrand Fessard de Foucault
- 1994 1999 Alain Richard
- 1999 2003 Serge Smessov
- 2003 2006 Gerard Perrole
- 2006 2009 Alain Cuanon
- 2009 2013 Jean-Charles Bertonnet
- 2013 2017 Francis Etienne
- 2017 2020 Philippe Martinet
- 2020 n. v. Didier Caness
Resident diplomatic missions
edit- France has an embassy in Nur-Sultan and a consulate-general in Almaty.[6]
- Kazakhstan has an embassy in Paris.[7]
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French Consulate-General in Almaty -
Embassy of Kazakhstan in Paris
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See also
editReferences
edit- ^ a b c d e Kazakh-French business ties strong at 25-year mark in relations
- ^ a b c Relations bilatérales: Kazakhstan (in French)
- ^ a b c Relation franco-kazakhstanaise- Présentation (in French)
- ^ "France and Kazakhstan". www.diplomatie.gouv.fr.
- ^ Sarkozy clinches $6 billion of Kazakh energy deals[dead link]
- ^ Embassy of France in Astana
- ^ Embassy of Kazakhstan in Paris
