Wikipedia

François Prelati

François Prelati was an Italian cleric and alchemist who took part in the murders committed by Gilles de Rais in the 15th century.[1] He claimed he could summon demons and involved Gilles in this practice.[2][3]

He is thought by some to have been a possible sexual partner of Gilles[4][5][6] but "in absence of evidence", this is only a speculation initially stated by Georges Bataille.[7][8]

Life

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René of Anjou in prayer, book of hours' illuminated manuscript, c. 1437, BnF

Sentenced to life imprisonment following the trial of Gilles de Rais, François Prelati probably managed to escape, and then found refuge outside the jurisdiction of the Duchy of Brittany, more precisely at the court of Duke René of Anjou. This prince, son of Yolande of Aragon, had become the titular king of Sicily and the new head of the House of Valois-Anjou following the death of his elder brother Louis III of Anjou. Through the intermediary of a confessor of the "Good King René", whose sumptuous and refined court welcomed many artists and poets, the young Italian cleric obtained an audience with the Angevin prince.

Prelati was able to show off his alleged alchemical talents, probably thanks to conjuring tricks that enabled him to brandish an ingot of silver concealed in the crucible of the "magnum opus" at just the right moment, so much so that the swindler was appointed captain of La Roche-sur-Yon castle by René of Anjou.[9][10] Adopting the identity of François de Montcatin (after the name of his native town),[11] the Tuscan adventurer used his new position to seek revenge on Geoffroy Le Ferron (now Treasurer of France) because of the legal troubles following Gilles de Rais' act of force in Saint-Étienne-de-Mer-Morte.[a]

 
Ruins of La Roche-sur-Yon castle, from a 19th-century sketch

On his way to Taillebourg to visit Prigent VII de Coëtivy (Admiral of France and husband of Gilles de Rais' only daughter),[b] Geoffroy Le Ferron passed through La Roche-sur-Yon on 7 December 1444. Invited to the castle by the captain-alchemist, he was insulted by the priest Eustache Blanchet, before being arbitrarily imprisoned by order of Prelati, who blamed him for his own imprisonment in Nantes during the trial of Gilles de Rais. In order to extort an enormous ransom from the treasurer, Rais' two former servants subjected him to two and a half months of harsh treatment. Among other moral and physical tortures, Prelati and Blanchet try to frighten Le Ferron by pretending to discover among his papers a dummy letter that compromises him in an imaginary betrayal by Prigent de Coëtivy.[18]

Informed of the situation, René of Anjou's officers demanded that Prelati bring Le Ferron before the ducal council. The captain pretended to comply, before returning the French treasurer to his dungeon. Twelve days later, knight Guy d'Aussigny, lord of Trèves and lieutenant to the king "in the countries of Poitou, Saintonge, the government of La Rochelle and Angoumois", appeared with a company of fifty men-of-war in front of La Roche-sur-Yon's fortress. Refusing to deliver Geoffroy Le Ferron, Prelati opposed the surrender of the fortress and marched out with his own troops, provoking a skirmish that resulted in the death of one of Guy d'Aussigny's soldiers.[19]

Shortly afterwards, two of René of Anjou's officers tried again to get Prelati to hand over Geoffroy Le Ferron. The Italian captain finally agreed, after paying the French treasurer's ransom. The latter was transferred to Angers, where he unsuccessfully lodged a complaint with the Chamber of Audit of Anjou. Le Ferron managed to be escorted to King René d'Anjou in Nancy, but remained in custody there for some time, where King Charles VII of France was staying at the time. When the French King heard of the affair, the matter was referred to the Parlement of Paris, which finally issued a ruling condemning Prelati and his main accomplice, squire Jacques Chabot, to death. Towards the end of March 1446, or at the beginning of the following month, Prelati was burned at the stake to atone for his crimes.[9][20]

Referred to the Parlement of Paris along with several other Prelati's accomplices, Eustache Blanchet was in constant default from January 1448 to March 1451. On 18 May 1453, the Parliament handed down its final ruling, condemning the priest and his acolytes to return Geoffroy Le Ferron's property, to make amends to the King and the Treasurer of France, and to pay a fine, perpetual banishment and confiscation of their property.[21]

In fiction

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Gilles de Rais with François Prelati (dressed in black and holding a book), Roger de Briqueville and the priest Eustache Blanchet in an alchemy laboratory. Comic series Jhen Roque by Jacques Martin and Jean Pleyers [fr]

François Prelati appears as a recurring character in the French comic series Jhen Roque written by Jacques Martin. Comic artist Jean Pleyers depicts him as "an extremely handsome young man with black hair and a black suit, who doesn't mind posing as Saint Sebastian for his painters friends."[22]

Prelati has also appeared in stories such as Thief of Souls by Ann Benson[23] and Fate/strange fake by Ryōgo Narita.,[24] as well as a character referencing him in the anime Senki Zesshou Symphogear AXZ and Fate/Zero.

References

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Notes

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  1. ^ From 1439 to 1441, Geoffroy Le Ferron was Treasurer and Receiver General of John V, Duke of Brittany, "after having helped him mightily to strip Gilles de Retz", states medievalist Jean Kerhervé.[12] Le Ferron thus acquired Saint-Étienne-de-Mer-Morte, which Gilles de Rais then attempted to reclaim by force by committing the sacrilege of mid-May 1440.[13]
    In 1443, Le Ferron was pursuing his career at the royal court as Treasurer of France and advisor to King Charles VII of France.[14]
  2. ^ In 1441, Admiral Prigent de Coëtivy married Marie, Rais' daughter.[15][16] Now the new Baron de Retz, Coëtivy supported several lawsuits to claim his wife's inheritance, in other words, the lands that had belonged to his late father-in-law.[17]

Footnotes

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  1. ^ Wilson, Thomas (1889). Blue-beard, a contribution to history and folk-lore: being the history of Gilles de Retz, of Brittany, France, who was executed at Nantes in 1440 A.D., and who was the original of Blue-beard in the tales of Mother Goose, p. 73-79. G.P. Putnam's Sons.
  2. ^ Butler, Eliza Marian (1949). Ritual Magic, p. 102. Penn State Press. ISBN 0271044888.
  3. ^ Mathews, Chris (2009). Modern Satanism: Anatomy of a Radical Subculture, p. 15. Greenwood Publishing Group ISBN 031336639X.
  4. ^ Bataille, Georges (1990), The Trial of Gilles de Rais, Los Angeles: Amok Books, p. 56, ISBN 978-1-878923-02-8.
  5. ^ Rothenberg, Molly Anne; Foster, Dennis A. (2003). Perversion and the Social Relation: sic IV, p. 140, 156. Duke University Press, ISBN 0822384728.
  6. ^ Penney, James (2012). The World of Perversion: Psychoanalysis and the Impossible Absolute of Desire, p. 48. SUNY Press, 2012. ISBN 0791481670.
  7. ^ Ross, Lia B. (2021). "Chapter 15: Deviancy in the Late Middle Ages: The Crimes and Punishment of Gilles de Rais". In Classen, Albrecht & Scarborough, Connie (eds.). Crime and Punishment in the Middle Ages and Early Modern Age: Mental-Historical Investigations of Basic Human Problems and Social Responses. De Gruyter. p. 370. doi:10.1515/9783110294583.359. ISBN 978-3-11-029451-4.
  8. ^ Savy, Pierre (2002). "Le Procès dans l'histoire, l'histoire dans le Procès". In Ferri, Laurent & Gauthier, Christophe (eds.). L'Histoire-Bataille. L'écriture de l'histoire dans l'œuvre de Georges Bataille : actes de la journée d'études consacrée à Georges Bataille (in French). Paris: École des chartes. pp. 92–93. ISBN 2-900791-78-2.
  9. ^ a b Guérin & Celier 1898, pp. 241–242.
  10. ^ Fauré 2022, pp. 511, 520–522.
  11. ^ Fauré 2022, pp. 512, 522.
  12. ^ Kerhervé, Jean (1987). L'État breton aux XIVe et XVe siècles: les ducs, l'argent et les hommes (in French). Vol. 1. Paris: Maloine. p. 155. ISBN 2-224-01703-0.
  13. ^ Bourdeaut, Arthur (1924). "Chantocé, Gilles de Rays et les ducs de Bretagne". Mémoires de la Société d'histoire et d'archéologie de Bretagne (in French). V: 111–112..
  14. ^ Kerhervé, Jean (1976). "Une famille d'officiers de finances bretons au XVe siècle: les Thomas de Nantes". Annales de Bretagne et des pays de l'Ouest (in French). 83 (1): 7–33..
  15. ^ Marchegay, Paul, ed. (1879). "Documents relatifs à Prigent de Coëtivy, seigneur de Taillebourg et amiral de France, tirés du chartrier de Thouars". Archives Historiques de la Saintonge et de l'Aunis (in French). 6. Paris / Saintes: Honoré Champion / Mme Z. Mortreuil: 76–77.
  16. ^ Callu-Turiaf, Florence (1966). "Nouveaux documents sur la bataille de Formigny". Bibliothèque de l'École des Chartes (in French). 124. Paris / Geneva: Librairie Droz: 274. ISSN 0373-6237.
  17. ^ de La Trémoille, Louis Charles (1906). Prigent de Coëtivy amiral et bibliophile (in French). Paris: Honoré Champion. pp. VI–VII.
  18. ^ Guérin & Celier 1898, pp. 247–249.
  19. ^ Guérin & Celier 1898, p. 353.
  20. ^ Petit-Dutaillis, Charles (1904). "Recueil des documents concernant le Poitou, contenus dans les registres de la chancellerie de France, publ. par P. Guérin [compte-rendu]". Bibliothèque de l'École des Chartes (in French) (65). Paris: Librairie d'Alphonse Picard et fils: 423.
  21. ^ Guérin & Celier 1898, pp. 354–355.
  22. ^ Castellani, Marie-Madeleine (1996). "Les figures du Mal dans la bande dessinée Jhen". Cahiers de recherches médiévales (in French) (2): 172. ISSN 2115-6360.
  23. ^ Benson, Ann. (2003). Thief of Souls, p. 441. Bantam Dell, ISBN 0440236290.
  24. ^ Narita, Ryōgo (2016). Fate/strange Fake(3), Dengeki Bunko, ISBN 978-4-04-865763-1.

Bibliography

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