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Foreign relations of Bosnia and Herzegovina

The implementation of the Dayton Accords of 1995 has focused the efforts of policymakers in Bosnia and Herzegovina, as well as the international community, on regional stabilization in the countries-successors of the former Yugoslavia. Relations with its neighbors of Croatia and Serbia have been fairly stable since the signing of the Dayton Agreement in 1995.

Diplomatic relations

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List of countries which Bosnia and Herzegovina maintains diplomatic relations with:

 
# Country Date[1]
1   Austria 8 April 1992
2   Hungary 10 April 1992
3   United Kingdom 13 April 1992
4   Saudi Arabia 17 April 1992
5   Bahrain 3 May 1992
6   Liechtenstein 5 May 1992
7   Denmark 2 June 1992
8   Estonia 25 June 1992
9   Croatia 21 July 1992
10   India 10 August 1992
–   Holy See 20 August 1992
11   Turkey 29 August 1992
12   Libya 28 October 1992
–   State of Palestine 30 October 1992
13   Tunisia 30 October 1992
14   Lithuania 6 November 1992
15   France 12 November 1992
16   Germany 13 November 1992
17   Slovenia 16 November 1992
18   New Zealand 17 November 1992
19   Argentina 19 November 1992
20   Malaysia 5 December 1992
21   Comoros 10 December 1992
22   Sweden 11 December 1992
23   Spain 14 December 1992
24   Netherlands 15 December 1992
25   Albania 28 December 1992
26   Kuwait 4 January 1993
27   Australia 7 January 1993
28   Algeria 20 January 1993
29   Qatar 22 January 1993
30   Iran 25 January 1993
31   Italy 1 February 1993
32    Switzerland 3 February 1993
33   Slovakia 8 February 1993
34   Morocco 24 February 1993
35   Mongolia 25 February 1993
36   Czech Republic 8 April 1993
37   Egypt 17 April 1993
38   Kyrgyzstan 27 April 1993
39   North Macedonia 12 May 1993
40   United States 18 June 1993
41   United Arab Emirates 1 August 1993
42   Sudan 5 August 1993
43   Senegal 24 August 1993
44   Mauritania 1 November 1993
45   Moldova 10 November 1993
46   Norway 12 November 1993
47   Belarus 22 November 1993
48   Brunei 25 January 1994
49   Belgium 3 March 1994
50   Jordan 7 March 1994
51   Indonesia 11 April 1994
52   Luxembourg 12 April 1994
53   Pakistan 16 November 1994
54   Chad 25 November 1994
55   Syria 1 December 1994
56   Mali 10 December 1994
57   Finland 2 January 1995
58   Azerbaijan 9 February 1995
59   Democratic Republic of the Congo 20 March 1995
60   Zambia 20 March 1995
61   South Africa 23 March 1995
62   China 3 April 1995
63   Burkina Faso 26 May 1995
64   Lebanon 22 June 1995
65   Bangladesh 26 August 1995
66   Ireland 27 September 1995
67   Uruguay 28 September 1995
68   Malta 14 October 1995
69   Cape Verde 18 October 1995
70   Guinea-Bissau 18 October 1995
71   Ivory Coast 18 October 1995
72   Niger 18 October 1995
73   Colombia 19 October 1995
74   Costa Rica 19 October 1995
75   Namibia 19 October 1995
76   Singapore 1 November 1995
77   Portugal 13 November 1995
78   Greece 30 November 1995
79   Brazil 6 December 1995
80   Canada 14 December 1995
81   South Korea 15 December 1995
82   Yemen 19 December 1995
83   Ukraine 20 December 1995
84   Oman 3 January 1996
85   Poland 11 January 1996
86   Bulgaria 12 January 1996
87   North Korea 19 January 1996
88   Belize 24 January 1996
89   Vietnam 26 January 1996
90   Japan 9 February 1996
91   Romania 1 March 1996
92   Laos 7 March 1996
93   Andorra 28 March 1996
94   Guinea 9 April 1996
95   Latvia 19 April 1996
96   Iceland 8 May 1996
97   Uzbekistan 16 May 1996
98   Turkmenistan 17 June 1996
99   Gambia 12 July 1996
100   Eritrea 17 September 1996
101   Mozambique 27 September 1996
102   Jamaica 9 October 1996
103   Chile 31 October 1996
104   San Marino 19 November 1996
105   Tajikistan 9 December 1996
106   Kazakhstan 20 December 1996
107   Russia 26 December 1996
108   Maldives 27 January 1997
—   Sovereign Military Order of Malta 31 January 1997[2]
109   Bolivia 27 February 1997
110   Cuba 29 April 1997
111   Armenia 29 July 1997
112   Israel 25 September 1997
113   Venezuela 13 January 1998
114   Peru 23 January 1998
115   Ecuador 26 January 1998
116   Georgia 17 March 1998
117   Angola 24 September 1999
118     Nepal 12 January 2000
119   Cyprus 7 February 2000
120   Thailand 14 February 2000
121   Nigeria 13 September 2000
122   Serbia 15 December 2000
123   Philippines 12 January 2001
124   São Tomé and Príncipe 8 May 2001
125   Sri Lanka 22 June 2001
126   Mexico 15 August 2001
127   El Salvador 22 May 2003
128   Cambodia 23 December 2003
129   Panama 14 July 2004
130   East Timor 22 March 2005
131   Afghanistan 20 September 2005
132   Iraq 7 March 2006
133   Monaco 27 July 2006[3]
134   Montenegro 14 September 2006
135   Ethiopia 12 February 2007
136   Mauritius 30 May 2007
137   Botswana 15 September 2008
138   Kenya 26 September 2008
139   Guatemala 9 January 2009
140   Samoa 13 March 2009
141   Djibouti 17 March 2009
142   Saint Vincent and the Grenadines 19 March 2009
143   Dominican Republic 23 June 2009
144   Burundi 9 September 2009
145   Cameroon 10 September 2009
146   Benin 11 September 2009
147   Paraguay 22 September 2009
148   Nicaragua 22 October 2009
149   Eswatini 25 November 2009
150   Liberia 23 February 2010
151   Equatorial Guinea 24 February 2010
152   Fiji 20 April 2010
153   Haiti 17 May 2010
154   Suriname 21 June 2010
155   Honduras 14 September 2010
156   Uganda 3 December 2010
157   Republic of the Congo 23 February 2011
158   Trinidad and Tobago 19 April 2011
159   Antigua and Barbuda 1 June 2011
160   Tuvalu 1 June 2011
161   Myanmar 25 August 2011
162   Gabon 21 September 2011
163   Malawi 18 October 2011
164   Solomon Islands 26 January 2012
165   Zimbabwe 11 July 2012
166   Ghana 13 February 2013
167   Saint Lucia 15 April 2013
168   Guyana 9 May 2013
169   Rwanda 17 October 2013
170   Dominica 6 March 2014
171   Seychelles 4 June 2014
172   Sierra Leone 24 November 2015
173   Vanuatu 26 September 2018
174   Tanzania 25 January 2019
175   Barbados 6 August 2019[4]
176   Marshall Islands 23 September 2019[4]
177   Togo 24 October 2019[4]
178   Bahamas 30 October 2019[4]
179   Saint Kitts and Nevis 6 December 2019[4]
180   Grenada 6 October 2020[4]
181   South Sudan 27 October 2021
182   Somalia 4 February 2022
183   Tonga 9 February 2023[4]
184   Federated States of Micronesia 19 April 2023[4]

Bilateral relations

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Country Notes
  Armenia See Armenia–Bosnia and Herzegovina relations
  • Armenia is accredited to Bosnia and Herzegovina from its embassy in Prague, Czech Republic.
  • Bosnia and Herzegovina is accredited to Armenia from its embassy in Moscow, Russia.
  Australia
  • Bosnia and Herzegovina has an embassy in Canberra.
  • Australia has an Honorary Consulate in Sarajevo, however services such as passports and visas are managed by the Australian Embassy in Vienna.

Bosnian migration to Australia has occurred in three main waves in the 20th century, with the biggest group coming during the Bosnian War in the 1990s. Many Bosnians arriving as refugees settled in Melbourne where they have established strong community groups and many mosques.

Business links between the two countries are in their infancy with many in the Bosnian diaspora starting to build connections through groups like the "Australian Bosnian and Herzogovinian Chamber of Commerce".[1] In 2023, Australia exported US$1.34 Million worth of goods to Bosnia and Herzegovina, primarily consisting of machinery and electrical equipment.

  Austria
  • Bosnia and Herzegovina has an embassy in Vienna.
  • Austria has an embassy in Sarajevo.
  Brazil
  • Bosnia and Herzegovina is accredited to Brazil from its embassy in Washington, D.C., United States.
  • Brazil has an embassy in Sarajevo.
  Bulgaria Both countries established diplomatic relations on 15 January 1992. Since 1996, Bulgaria has an embassy in Sarajevo.[5] Bosnia and Herzegovina has an embassy in Sofia.[6] Both countries are full members of the Southeast European Cooperation Process, of the Southeast European Cooperative Initiative, of the Stability Pact for South Eastern Europe, of the Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe and of the Council of Europe. Bulgaria was the first country to recognize Bosnia as an independent country.
  Canada See Bosnia and Herzegovina–Canada relations

Bosnia and Herzegovina is represented through the Embassy of Bosnia and Herzegovina in Ottawa, while Canada is represented by the embassy of Canada in Budapest. Three Canadian organizations operate programs in Bosnia and Herzegovina: Foreign Affairs and International Trade Canada (DFAIT), the Canadian International Development Agency (CIDA) and the Department of National Defence (DND). Canada strongly supports the signing of the Dayton Agreement hoping it can help bring more stability to the region. Through the Canadian International Development Agency Canada has given more than CA$ 144 million in development assistance.

Exports of Bosnia and Herzegovina to Canada are worth about US$ 5.31 million per year, while exports of Canada to Bosnia and Herzegovina value about US$5.34 million per year.

  • Embassy of Canada to Bosnia and Herzegovina
  Croatia See Bosnia and Herzegovina–Croatia relations

Discussions continue with Croatia on several small disputed sections of the boundary related to maritime access that hinder final ratification of the 1999 border agreement.

Sections of the Una river and villages at the base of Mount Plješevica are in Croatia, while some are in Bosnia, which causes an excessive number of border crossings on a single route and impedes any serious development in the region. The Zagreb-Bihać-Split railway line is still closed for major traffic due to this issue. The road Karlovac-Plitvice Lakes-Knin, which is on the European route E71, is becoming increasingly unused because Croatia built a separate highway to the west of it.

The border on the Una river between Hrvatska Kostajnica on the northern, Croatian side of the river, and Bosanska Kostajnica on the southern, Bosnian side, is also being discussed. A river island between the two towns is under Croatian control, but is claimed by Bosnia. A shared border crossing point has been built and has been functioning since 2003, and is used without hindrance by either party.

The Herzegovinian municipality of Neum on the Adriatic coast makes the southernmost part of Croatia an exclave and the two countries are negotiating special transit rules through Neum to compensate for that. Recently Croatia has opted to build a bridge to the Pelješac peninsula to connect the Croatian mainland with the exclave but Bosnia and Herzegovina has protested that the bridge will close its access to international waters (although Croatian territory and territorial waters surround Bosnian-Herzegovinian territory and waters completely) and has suggested that the bridge must be higher than 55 meters for free passage of all types of ships. Negotiations are still being held.

  • Bosnia and Herzegovina has an embassy in Zagreb and consulate-general in Rijeka.
  • Croatia has an embassy in Sarajevo and consulates-general in Banja Luka, Livno, Mostar, and Tuzla.
  • Bosnia and Herzegovina is an EU candidate and Croatia is an EU member.
  Cyprus

Cyprus recognized Bosnia and Herzegovina's independence on 7 February 2000, both countries established diplomatic relations on the same date. Bosnia and Herzegovina is represented in Cyprus through its embassy in Tel Aviv, Israel.[7] Cyprus is represented in Bosnia and Herzegovina through its embassy in Budapest, Hungary.[8] Both countries are full members of the Union for the Mediterranean, of the Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe and of the Council of Europe.

  Czech Republic

The Czech Republic recognized Bosnia and Herzegovina's independence on 8 February 1992. Both countries established diplomatic relations on 8 April 1993. Bosnia and Herzegovina has an embassy in Prague.[9] The Czech Republic has an embassy in Sarajevo.[10] Both countries are full members of the Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe and of the Council of Europe.

  Denmark See Bosnia and Herzegovina – Denmark relations
  Finland See Bosnia and Herzegovina–Finland relations
  France

In 2019, Bosnia's presidency summoned the French ambassador Guillaume Rousson to protest over President Emmanuel Macron’s comment in an interview with British weekly The Economist that the country is a “time bomb” due to returning Islamist fighters.[11]

  Georgia

Bosnia and Herzegovina and Georgia established diplomatic relations in 1998. They share relations at the non-resident ambassadorial level. The first high-level visit was that paid by the BiH Foreign Minister Igor Crnadak to Tbilisi in August 2016.[12] In January 2018, Georgia issued a protest note to BiH over the breakaway South Ossetian leader Anatoly Bibilov's visit to the Republika Srpska. In a response, the BiH Foreign Ministry stated that Georgia and Bosnia had good relations and Bosnia would not interfere into the question of South Ossetia.[13] Crnadak also said Bibilov's visit damaged an international standing of the Republika Srpska.[14]

  Germany

See Bosnia and Herzegovina–Germany relations

Germany is one of the most important partners of Bosnia and Herzegovina in foreign affairs. Bilateral relations have developed steadily since diplomatic ties were established in mid-1994. Germany was closely involved in efforts to bring about peace before and after the conclusion of the Dayton Agreement. There is also a long tradition of economic relations between Germany and Bosnia. When the country was still part of the former Yugoslavia, joint ventures and cooperation played a large role here (motor industry, metal processing, textile industry/contract processing work, steel and chemicals). After the war, Germany took on a spearheading role in investments in production in Bosnia and Herzegovina, which is undergoing a transitional phase from a centrally planned to a market economy. These investments are concentrated primarily in vehicle assembly and parts supply, the construction industry/cement, raw materials processing/ aluminum and regional dairy farming.[15]

  Greece

Greece recognized Bosnia and Herzegovina's independence in 1992. Both countries established diplomatic relations on 30 November 1995. Since 1998, Bosnia and Herzegovina has an embassy in Athens. Since 1996, Greece has an embassy in Sarajevo.[16] Both countries are full members of the Union for the Mediterranean, of the Southeast European Cooperation Process, of the Southeast European Cooperative Initiative, of the Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe and of the Council of Europe. In 2006, Greece provided 80.4% of the funding for the reconstruction of the Greece–Bosnia and Herzegovina Friendship Building.

  Holy See See Holy See–Bosnia and Herzegovina relations

Holy See recognized Bosnia and Herzegovina's independence on 7 April 1992.[17] Both countries established diplomatic relations on 20 August 1992.[18]

  Hungary

Hungary recognized Bosnia and Herzegovina's independence on 9 April 1992. Both countries established diplomatic relations on 10 April 1992. Bosnia and Herzegovina has an embassy in Budapest. Hungary has an embassy in Sarajevo.[19] Both countries are full members of the Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe and of the Council of Europe.

  India See Bosnia and Herzegovina–India relations
  Indonesia See Bosnia and Herzegovina–Indonesia relations
  Iran See Bosnia and Herzegovina–Iran relations
  Malaysia See Bosnia and Herzegovina–Malaysia relations

Malaysia, under Prime Minister Mahathir Mohamad (1981–2003), had been one of the strongest supporters of the Bosnian cause during the war and the only Asian country that accepted Bosnian refugees. Malaysia sent UN Peacekeeping troops to the former Yugoslavia. Malaysia maintains a number of investments in Bosnia-Herzegovina, one of the most significant is the Bosmal Group. Bosmal is a joint venture set up between Malaysian and Bosnian interests. A number of Bosnian students are currently studying at the International Islamic University Malaysia in Gombak. Malaysia maintains an embassy in Sarajevo and Bosnia-Herzegovina maintains an embassy in Kuala Lumpur.

  Mexico
  • Bosnia and Herzegovina is accredited to Mexico from its embassy in Washington, D.C., United States.[20]
  • Mexico is accredited to Bosnia and Herzegovina from its embassy in Belgrade, Serbia.[21]
  North Macedonia See Bosnia and Herzegovina–North Macedonia relations

The two countries first shared the same 90s objective of pursuing independence from Yugoslavia, and in the 21st century, the common objective of joining the EU.

  Pakistan See Bosnia and Herzegovina–Pakistan relations

Pakistan and Bosnia and Herzegovina enjoy close and cordial relations.[22] Pakistan recognised the independence of Bosnia from Yugoslavia in 1992. Pakistan sent in UN Peacekeeping forces to the former Yugoslavia during the Yugoslav wars. During the war, Pakistan supported Bosnia while providing technical and military support to Bosnia. Pakistan and Bosnia have a free trade agreement. During the War time, Pakistan had hosted thousands of Bosnians as refugees in Pakistan.[23] Pakistan has also provided medium-tech to high Tech weapons to Bosnian Government in the past.

  Poland
  • Bosnia and Herzegovina has an embassy in Warsaw.
  • Poland has an embassy in Sarajevo.
  Romania See Bosnia and Herzegovina–Romania relations

Romania recognized Bosnia and Herzegovina's independence on 1 March 1996, both countries established diplomatic relations on the same day. Bosnia and Herzegovina has an embassy in Bucharest. Romania has an embassy in Sarajevo. Relations were described as "excellent" by the foreign ministers in 2006, ahead of the opening of the Bosnian embassy in Bucharest.[24]

  Russia See Bosnia and Herzegovina–Russia relations

Bosnia is one of the countries where Russia has contributed troops for the NATO-led stabilization force.[25] Others were sent to Kosovo and Serbia.

  Saudi Arabia See Bosnia and Herzegovina–Saudi Arabia relations

Saudi Arabia has provided enormous financial assistance to Bosnia and Herzegovina since its independence in 1992. Saudi interests also funded for the construction of the King Fahd Mosque, which is currently the largest mosque in Sarajevo. Bosnia and Herzegovina maintains an embassy in Riyadh and Saudi Arabia maintains an embassy in Sarajevo.

  Serbia See Bosnia and Herzegovina–Serbia relations

Bosnia and Herzegovina filed a suit against the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (present-day Serbia and Montenegro) before the International Court of Justice for aggression and genocide during the Bosnian War which was dismissed. Serbia was found responsible for failure to prevent genocide in Srebrenica.[26][27] Sections along the Drina River remain in dispute between Bosnia and Herzegovina and Serbia.[28]

  Slovenia
  • Bosnia and Herzegovina has an embassy in Ljubljana.
  • Slovenia has an embassy in Sarajevo.
  South Korea See Bosnia and Herzegovina–South Korea relations

Both countries established diplomatic relations on 15 December 1995.[29]

  Spain See Bosnia and Herzegovina–Spain relations
  • Bosnia and Herzegovina has an embassy in Madrid.
  • Spain has an embassy in Sarajevo.
  Sweden See Bosnia and Herzegovina–Sweden relations
  Turkey See Bosnia and Herzegovina–Turkey relations

Turkey provided both political and financial support to Bosnia and Herzegovina during the war. After the war, relations have improved even more, and today Turkey is one of BiH's top foreign investors and business partners.[30]

  Ukraine See Bosnia and Herzegovina–Ukraine relations
  United Kingdom See Bosnia and Herzegovina–United Kingdom relations

Bosnia and Herzegovina established diplomatic relations with the United Kingdom on 13 April 1992.

  • Bosnia and Herzegovina maintains an embassy in London.
  • The United Kingdom is accredited to Bosnia and Herzegovina through its embassy in Sarajevo, and an embassy office in Banja Luka.[31]

Both countries share common membership of the Council of Europe, the International Criminal Court, and the OSCE. Bilaterally the two countries have an Investment Agreement,[32] and a Reciprocal Healthcare Agreement.[33]

  United States See Bosnia and Herzegovina–United States relations

The 1992–1995 war in Bosnia and Herzegovina was ended with the crucial participation of the United States in brokering the 1995 Dayton Accords. After leading the diplomatic and military effort to secure the Dayton agreement, the United States has continued to lead the effort to ensure its implementation. The United States maintains command of the NATO headquarters in Sarajevo. The United States has donated hundreds of millions of dollars to help with infrastructure, humanitarian aid, economic development, and military reconstruction in Herzegovina and Bosnia. The U.S. Agency for International Development (USAID) and Support for Eastern European Democracies (SEED) has played a large role in post-war Bosnia and Herzegovina, including programs in economic development and reform, democratic reform (media & elections), infrastructure development, and training programs for Bosnian professionals, among others. Additionally, there are many non-governmental organizations (NGOs) that have likewise played significant roles in the reconstruction.[34]

EU accession

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Main article: Accession of Bosnia and Herzegovina to the European Union

The accession of Bosnia and Herzegovina to the European Union is one of the main political objectives of Bosnia and Herzegovina. The Stabilisation and Association Process (SAP) is the EU's policy framework. Countries participating in the SAP have been offered the possibility to become, once they fulfill the necessary conditions, member states of the EU. Bosnia and Herzegovina is therefore a potential candidate country for EU accession.[35]

International organizations

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Bank for International Settlements, Council of Europe, Central European Initiative, EBRD, Energy Community United Nations Economic Commission for Europe, FAO, Group of 77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, International Criminal Court, International Development Association, IFAD, International Finance Corporation, IFRCS, ILO, International Monetary Fund, International Maritime Organization, Interpol, IOC, International Organization for Migration (observer), ISO, ITU, Non-Aligned Movement (guest), Organization of American States (observer), OIC (observer), OPCW, Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe, Southeast European Cooperative Initiative, United Nations, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNMEE, UPU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTrO (observer)

See also

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References

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  1. ^ "Datumi priznanja i uspostave diplomatskih odnosa". Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Bosnia and Herzegovina (in Bosnian). 2022. Archived from the original on 27 November 2024. Retrieved 30 November 2024.
  2. ^ "ODRŽAN XXIX. MEĐUNARODNI LJETNI KAMP ZA HENDIKEPIRANE MLADE OSOBE" (in Bosnian). 5 October 2012. Retrieved 20 November 2023.
  3. ^ "Rapport de Politique Extérieure 2007" (in French). p. 44. Retrieved 11 October 2020.
  4. ^ a b c d e f g h "Diplomatic relations between Bosnia and Herzegovina and ..." United Nations Digital Library. Retrieved 26 March 2022.
  5. ^ "Bulgarian embassy in Sarajevo". Mfa.bg. Archived from the original on 26 September 2008. Retrieved 4 January 2018.
  6. ^ "Bulgarian Ministry of Foreign Affairs: direction of the Bosnian embassy in Sofia". Mfa.bg. Retrieved 4 January 2018.[permanent dead link‍]
  7. ^ "Cyprus Ministry of Foreign Affairs: direction of the Bosnian representation to Cyprus". Mfa.gov.cy. Archived from the original on 2016-03-03. Retrieved 4 January 2018.
  8. ^ "Cyprus Ministry of Foreign Affairs: direction of the Cypriot representation to Bosnia and Herzegovina". Mfa.gov.cy. Archived from the original on 2016-03-03. Retrieved 4 January 2018.
  9. ^ "Czech Ministry of Foreign Affairs: direction of the Bosnian embassy in Prague". Czechembassy.org. Archived from the original on 12 February 2007. Retrieved 4 January 2018.
  10. ^ "Czech embassy in Sarajevo". Mzv.vz. Retrieved 20 February 2015.
  11. ^ Daria Sito-Sucic (November 8, 2019), French ambassador in Bosnia summoned over Macron's 'time bomb' remark Reuters.
  12. ^ "Bosnia and Herzegovina Foreign Minister enjoys historic visit to Georgia". Agenda.ge. 16 August 2016. Archived from the original on 13 January 2018. Retrieved 12 January 2018.
  13. ^ Lakic, Mladen (11 January 2018). "Georgia Protests to Bosnia Over Ossetian Leader's Visit". Balkan Insight. Archived from the original on 11 January 2018. Retrieved 12 January 2018.
  14. ^ "FM Crnadak: Bibilov Meeting Damages Srpska Reputation". Civil Georgia. 12 January 2018. Archived from the original on 13 January 2018. Retrieved 12 January 2018.
  15. ^ "Diplo - Startseite - HTTP Status 404". Archived from the original on 2015-02-20. Retrieved 2015-02-20.
  16. ^ "Greek Ministry of Foreign Affairs about the relation with Bosnia and Herzegovina". Mfa.gr. Archived from the original on 29 November 2011. Retrieved 4 January 2018.
  17. ^ "Apostolska nuncijatura u BiH (Apostolic Nunciature in Bosnia and Herzegovina)" (in Croatian). Bishops' Conference of Bosnia and Herzegovina. Retrieved 21 May 2013.
  18. ^ "Diplomatic Relations of the Holy See". Holyseemission.org. Archived from the original on 17 September 2011. Retrieved 21 May 2013.
  19. ^ "Hungarian embassy in Sarajevo (in Hungarian only)". Mfa.gov.hu. Archived from the original on 7 April 2016. Retrieved 4 January 2018.
  20. ^ Embassy of Bosnia in the United States
  21. ^ Embassy of Mexico in Serbia
  22. ^ "Embassy of Pakistan in Bosnia-Herzegovina". Archived from the original on 2012-03-03. Retrieved 2011-01-22.
  23. ^ "Blonde Muslims find shelter in Pakistan: Refugees from Bosnia were given a warm welcome in a distant land, Ahmed Rashid writes from Islamabad". The Independent. 25 June 1993. Retrieved 20 February 2015.
  24. ^ "Bosnia-Romania relations "excellent" - foreign ministers". Onasa news agency. 7 May 2006. Archived from the original on 19 July 2011. Retrieved 2009-05-07.
  25. ^ "Defense.gov News Article: Russian Troops Arriving in Bosnia". Defense.gov. Retrieved 20 February 2015.
  26. ^ Publications, United Nations (1988). Report of the International Court of Justice. United Nations Publications. ISBN 9789210541466.[permanent dead link‍]
  27. ^ "International Court of Justice". icj-cij.org (in French). Archived from the original on 2016-12-19. Retrieved 2017-02-13.
  28. ^ Agency, United States Central Intelligence (2009). The CIA World Factbook 2010. Skyhorse Publishing Inc. p. 89. ISBN 9781602397279.
  29. ^ "Search | Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Republic of Korea".
  30. ^ "Investicije: Koliko Turska zaista ulaže u BiH, a koliko u druge zemlje (video)". Bportal.ba. 11 October 2014. Archived from the original on 2015-04-02. Retrieved 4 January 2018.
  31. ^ "British Embassy Sarajevo". GOV.UK. Archived from the original on 25 July 2024. Retrieved 27 July 2024.
  32. ^ "Bosnia and Herzegovina - United Kingdom BIT (2002)". UN Trade and Development. Archived from the original on 23 September 2023. Retrieved 27 July 2024.
  33. ^ Department of Health and Social Care (27 March 2024). "UK reciprocal healthcare agreements with non-EU countries". GOV.UK. Archived from the original on 13 June 2024. Retrieved 24 June 2024.
  34. ^ "Bosnia and Herzegovina". U.S. Department of State. Retrieved 20 February 2015.  This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.
  35. ^ "European Commission - Enlargement - Bosnia and Herzegovina - Relations with the EU". Ec.europa.eu. Archived from the original on 26 January 2009. Retrieved 20 February 2015.
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