The Ford Indy V8 engine is a V-8 engine, initially specially designed by Ford for Indy car racing, from 1963 onwards, winning the Indy 500 four times as Ford, plus once as Foyt in 1977.
| Ford Indy V-8 | |
|---|---|
| Overview | |
| Manufacturer | Ford |
| Production | 1963–1971 (Ford engine) 1972–1978 (Foyt-badged engine) |
| Layout | |
| Configuration | 90° V-8 |
| Displacement | 159–320 cu in (2.61–5.24 L)[1][2] |
| Cylinder bore | 3.76–3.80 in (96–97 mm) |
| Piston stroke | 2.87 in (73 mm) |
| Valvetrain | 32-valve, DOHC, four-valves per cylinder[3] |
| Compression ratio | 10.2:1-12.5:1[4] |
| Combustion | |
| Fuel system | Mechanical fuel injection |
| Fuel type | Gasoline |
| Oil system | Dry sump |
| Output | |
| Power output | 375–800 hp (280–597 kW) |
| Torque output | 269–525 lb⋅ft (365–712 N⋅m)[5] |
| Dimensions | |
| Dry weight | 350–406 lb (159–184 kg) |
| Chronology | |
| Successor | Ford-Cosworth Indy V8 engine |
As naturally-aspirated DOHC version, it won the 1965 Indianapolis 500 as well as in 1966 and 1967. When a turbocharged Offenhauser took the win in 1968, Ford also reduced capacity and added a turbocharger, winning the 1969 Indianapolis 500. Ford ended the works campaign after 1971, handing over the design to AJ Foyt who continued until 1978, winning the Indy 500 in 1977.
Concurrently, in England, Ford had since 1965 sponsored the successful Cosworth DFV Formula One engine, a more compact DOHC V8, designed for 3.0 litre. For the 1976 USAC Championship Car season, Ford returned to Indy car racing with the turbocharged 2.65 litre Ford-sponsored Cosworth DFX engine.[6]
1963 engine
editIndyCars with Ford engines first competed in 1935 using a production-based Ford flathead V8 engine in the Miller-Ford racer.[7][8]
With the Offenhauser 4cyl 4.4 litre engine mounted in front-engine roadsters dominating Indy 500 races since the 1930s, and with a British Invasion of successful nimble rear-mid-engine Formula One single seater coming to the US, like two time F1 World Champion Jack Brabham to the 1961 Indianapolis 500, it was time for a change. Mickey Thompson entered three rear-engine cars in the 1962 Indianapolis 500, but with a Buick V8 that lacked power. Driver Dan Gurney then arranged that European chassis makers Team Lotus, who would win their first F1 World Championship in 1963, would build the Lotus 29 for the 1963 Indianapolis 500, with Ford supplying a suitable engine. With the intakes as usual in the V, the 4195 cc (255ci) pushrod[9] Ford V8 with Weber carburettors produced 376 bhp (280 kW) through a Colotti T.37 gearbox. Eventually, Jim Clark finished second, and Dan Gurney finished seventh. Clark went on to win the 1963 Tony Bettenhausen 200, proving the design was competitive.
1964-1967 DOHC engine
edit
To gain power for 1964, double overhead camshafts (DOHC[10]) were installed in the Lotus 34, in reverse manner, with the exhausts in the V, intake trumpets at the sides. This four-cam 4195 cc (255ci) DOHC Ford V8 with Hilborn fuel injection produced 425 bhp (317 kW), through a ZF 2DS20 gearbox. Clark qualified on pole for the 1964 Indianapolis 500, but when the Dunlop tyres caused Clark to crash, Gurney was retired. The team switched to Firestone rubber.
In 1965 A.J. Foyt won three USAC races in a Lotus 34 on his way to second in that years championship, while Parnelli Jones finished second at 1965 Indianapolis 500 behind Jim Clark's improved Lotus 38. It was the first win for a rear-mid engined car, the first for Ford, and the first for a foreigner in many decades.[11][12][13]
The Ford DOHC engines were available for other teams. Graham Hill won the 1966 Indianapolis 500 with a Lola 90 chassis, and A. J. Foyt in 1967 in a Coyote 67 chassis.
1968-1971 Turbo
edit
By 1968, Offenhauser was using turbo engines which had more power, winning the 1968 Indianapolis 500.
Thus, a smaller but Garrett turbocharged 159 cu in (2.61 L) Ford engine was introduced in 1968, and gave Mario Andretti the win in his Brawner Hawk chassis at the 1969 Indianapolis 500. This engine was used throughout the 1969 and 1970 seasons, until 1971 (their last season), after which Ford pulled-out and withdrew from the series for 1972.
1969 Lotus 64 turbo engine
editBecause the previous Lotus 56 AWD had a gas turbine engine, which was banned, Lotus had to use a new engine for the 1969 Indianapolis 500. The Lotus 64 project was funded by Ford who supplied a V8 turbo engine, and by STP. The 4 wheel drive was retained, thus the biggest difference was the new engine; a 2.65-liter turbocharged Ford engine, making more than 700 horsepower.[14][15] As the drivetrain overheated and Mario Andretti crashed the STP car in practise, also the cars of Graham Hill and Jochen Rindt were retired before the Race.
1966 F1 Ford 406 engine
edit| Ford 406 | |
|---|---|
| Overview | |
| Manufacturer | Ford |
| Production | 1966 |
| Layout | |
| Configuration | 90° V-8 |
| Displacement | 3.0 L (183 cu in) |
| Valvetrain | 32-valve, DOHC, four-valves per cylinder |
| Combustion | |
| Fuel system | Mechanical fuel injection |
| Fuel type | Gasoline |
| Oil system | Dry sump |
| Output | |
| Power output | 315 hp (235 kW) |
| Torque output | 221 lb⋅ft (300 N⋅m) |
The Ford 406 was a 3.0 L (180 cu in) Formula One engine, and was essentially a downsized variant of the Ford Indy V8 DOHC engine, commissioned by Bruce McLaren who had been involved since 1964 with the Ford GT40 program, winning the 1966 Le Mans 24h.
Made by third parties prior to the introduction of the highly successful Ford-sponsored Cosworth DFV engine in 1967[16][17][18], it was used in the McLaren M2B Formula One car for three races in the 1966 Formula One season.
An oil leaked ended the first race in Monaco, and the team switched to other engines. In the last two heats in North America, the Ford V8 was again used, with one finish for points.
1973-1978 Foyt engine
editFord Motor Company pulled its factory support out of Indy/Championship car racing after the 1972 USAC season. A. J. Foyt obtained the rights to Ford's turbocharged DOHC V-8 Indy engine, and it was subsequently rebadged and rebranded as the Foyt V-8 engine.
The Foyt team further developed the powerplant, and ran the 161 cu in (2.64 L) Foyt V-8 engine from 1973 to 1978. A handful of other teams bought and ran Foyt V-8 engines during that timeframe as well. A. J. Foyt himself won the 1977 Indianapolis 500 in his Coyote chassis and the Foyt-badged engine.[19]
Applications
editReferences
edit- ^ "Ford 255 DOHC Indy". Retrieved 23 May 2022.
- ^ "1969 EAGLE WESLAKE FORD 'SANTA ANA' INDY CAR". Retrieved 2 March 2022.
- ^ "10 Awesome Ford Engines". 28 July 2015. Retrieved 14 May 2022.
- ^ "1965 Lotus 38 Ford Specifications".
- ^ "Lotus 38: The Special Relationship | Colin Chapman Archive and Resource".
- ^ "Cosworth DFX V-8 Engine, 1975-1985". Retrieved 23 May 2022.
- ^ "1935 Miller-Ford Race Car". The Henry Ford. Archived from the original on June 12, 2018. Retrieved June 7, 2018.
- ^ Ernst, Kurt (August 10, 2016). "Preston Tucker's prewar debacle: The 1935 Miller Ford V-8 Indy Car". Hemmings Daily. Hemmings. Archived from the original on June 12, 2018. Retrieved June 6, 2018.
- ^ McGann, John (April 2, 2013). "Horsepower! – Ford Indy V8". HotRod Network. MotorTrend Group. Archived from the original on June 12, 2018. Retrieved June 6, 2018.
- ^ "Graham Hill's 'American Red Ball Spl' Lola T90 Ford: Indy Winner 1966..." Primotipo. June 12, 2015. Archived from the original on June 12, 2018. Retrieved June 6, 2018.
- ^ "Indy Engines -- the Ford V-8 Engine Workshop".
- ^ "Horsepower! - Ford Indy V8 - Car Craft Magazine". 2 April 2013.
- ^ "Technically Interesting: Ford Indy DOHC V8". 26 April 2018.
- ^ Kirby, Gordon (6 January 2014). "Chapman's last Lotus Indycar". Motor Sport Magazine. Retrieved 16 May 2020.
- ^ "Lotus 64 Ford". ultimatecarpage.com. 20 November 2008. Retrieved 6 December 2008.
- ^ "Engine Ford • STATS F1". www.statsf1.com.
- ^ Friedmann, Christopher (February 19, 2020). "The Birth Of McLaren F1's M2B In Focus". HotCars.
- ^ World, Auto Sport. "Find out all the information about the race car McLaren M2B (Ford 406 V8 3.0). As well as its drivers and results". Auto Sport World.
- ^ "Foyt DOHC Indy engine". Retrieved 23 May 2022.
- ^ "Lola T80 car-by-car histories".
- ^ "Lola Heritage".
- ^ "Lola Heritage".
- ^ "Lola Heritage".
- ^ "Lola Heritage".
- ^ "Lola Heritage".
- ^ "Lola Heritage".
- ^ "Lotus Type 38 - Lotus Cars Media Site".