Fisting—also known as fist fucking (FF),[1] handballing, and brachioproctic or brachiovaginal insertion[2]—is a sexual activity that involves inserting one or more hands into the rectum (anal fisting) or the vagina (vaginal fisting).[1] Fisting may be performed on oneself (self-fisting)[3] or performed on one person by another. People who engage in fisting are often called "fisters".[1][4]

An illustration of a woman fisting her own vagina
Vaginal self-fisting

History

Fisting's emergence as a sexual practice is commonly attributed to gay male culture.[5][6] However, its precise origin is disputed. Some claim fisting began in the twentieth century,[7][8][9] whereas others assert the practice dates back to the eighteenth century or earlier.[5][10] Sex educator Robert Morgan Lawrence, for example, claimed the practice dates back thousands of years.[11][12]

 
A patch for The Catacombs, a gay and lesbian S/M leather fisting club, from the Leather Archives & Museum's collection

Fisting became more visible and popular around the time of the gay liberation movement, during which sex clubs partly or entirely dedicated to the practice emerged. The hanky code allowed fisters to surreptitiously solicit partners in public by wearing red handkerchiefs.[13] By 1973, gay bars, bathhouses and clubs such as the Red Star Saloon in South of Market, San Francisco were openly advertising fisting.[14] The most famous fisting club was the Catacombs, a gay and lesbian S/M leather fisting club in San Francisco that operated from 1975 to 1984.[15] The Handball Express was another notable fisting club.[16] Crisco was commonly used as a lubricant—prominently featured in pornographic films like Erotic Hands (1980)[17]—before specialized products became available.[18][6]

During the AIDS crisis in the 1980s, cities such as San Francisco[19] and New York[20] forcibly closed gay establishments that, accurately or not, were believed to permit unsafe sex,[21] including fisting.[18] Consequently, most venues that permitted fisting, namely gay bathhouses and sex clubs, permanently closed.[22][6] While the closures were supported by some in the gay community (such as Randy Shilts), others—including the gay press, San Francisco AIDS Foundation, and San Francisco Human Rights Commission—criticized the decision as counterproductive and a violation of civil liberties.[21] Many regarded the closures as a product of anti-gay hysteria as well as anti-sex attitudes and disapproval of gay sexual activity in particular.[21] Meanwhile, safe sex advocates launched a public health campaign to promote the use of gloves.[23]

Fisting's visibility and popularity has grown in the twenty-first century,[24][25] likely due in large part to the internet[26] and greater HIV prevention and treatment options. Fisting pornography is now widely available online[27] and fisters can easily meet via social media platforms, some of which are tailored for fisting (e.g. Recon).[28][29] Gay bathhouses have made a comeback, with some even advertising fisting parties and live demonstrations.[30][18]

 
Anal self-fisting

Techniques

Hands

A common technique, particularly for beginners, is to extend four fingers straight with thumb tucked beneath. Some refer to this technique as the "silent duck" or "duck-billing", because the hand position resembles a duck beak.[2][3]

 
"Silent duck" hand position

In more vigorous forms of fisting, often referred to as "punching" or "punchfisting", the hand is partly or fully clenched into a fist before, during, and/or after insertion.[31]

Taking two hands at once is referred to as "double fisting".[4][6] In the case of double fisting, pleasure may be derived more from the stretching of the anus or vagina than from the in-and-out movement of hands.[2]

Oftentimes, hands are inserted up to the wrist.[5] Some experienced fisters enjoy deeper penetration, sometimes referred to as "depth play",[32] in which hands may be inserted as far as the elbow.[5][4]

Sometimes a penetrative partner may insert their penis or a sex toy at the same time as their hand(s), to masturbate inside the receptive partner's rectum or vagina.

While rare, some experienced fisters are capable of taking three hands.[33]

 
A man fisting a woman with the duck-beak method

Lubricants

Lubricants designed specifically for fisting or with fisting as an intended use are widely available in some countries.[34]

Sex toys

Fisters commonly use dildos to loosen the vagina or anus before or during a fisting session.[4][35]

Terminology

Common fisting-related terms include:

  • Fist; fist fuck: "the practice of inserting the hand (and part of the arm) into a partner's anus (or vagina) for the sexual pleasure of all involved."[1]
  • Fister; fist-fucker: a practitioner of fisting; or, depending on context, a penetrative partner in a fisting session involving two or more people.[1][4]
  • Fistee: a receptive partner in a session involving two or more people.[4]
     
    A blooming rose is a common symbol and metaphor for fisting
  • Punch fisting: fisting in which the hand is partly or fully clenched into a fist before, during, and/or after insertion.[31]
  • Double fisting: fisting in which two hands are inserted into the anus or vagina.[4][6]
  • Rosebud or rectal prolapse: when walls of the rectum have prolapsed to such a degree that they protrude out of the anus. Can be induced by fisting or other ass play (named due to the prolapse's resemblance to a rose flower).[36][37][38]
  • Bloom: "bloom" is used as a verb (e.g. "blooming") to describe the act of inducing a rosebud or prolapse, or the moment when a rosebud or prolapse becomes visible.[36]

According to The Routledge Dictionary of Modern American Slang and Unconventional English, "fisting" and "fist fuck" entered the American slang lexicon no later than 1969.[1]

Risks

Fisting can cause laceration or perforation of the vagina, perineum, rectum, or colon, resulting in serious injury[39] and even death.[40][41][42][43][6] As anal fisting may cause damage to the rectal mucosa, it may increase the likelihood of transmission of sexually transmitted infections.[44] In addition, sexual activities that force air into the vagina can lead to a fatal air embolism, predominantly during pregnancy.[45][6]

A 2021 study found that men who practiced anal fisting were more likely to experience fecal incontinence than men who engaged in other forms of anal sex. 18.1% of men who engaged in fisting experienced some form of fecal incontinence in the last month, compared to 7.2% of men who did not engage in fisting.[46][47][48][49] However, more research is required to establish a causal link, and whether or not this is temporary or has a long-term impact.[49][47]

A 2022 report published in the journal Sex Education found that "clinical and forensic research has over-inflated the ‘dangers’ of fisting without an understanding of contexts in which fisting takes place."[18] It also found that anal and vaginal fisting present "low to no risk" of sexually transmitted infections.[18]

Gloves, lubricant, and fingernail trimming can help reduce risk.[50][34][35]

Fisting has been depicted or referenced in art, music, cinema and other forms of popular culture. Examples include:

Art

Performance art

Music

 
The Monument to Joe Louis, which made headlines in 2013 for what was widely considered a fisting joke

Film

Pornographic films

Television

Literature

 
La Fistinière, a fisting club in France

Clubs

Other

 
In the handkerchief code, the color red signifies interest in fisting.
  • In 2011, adult performers Jiz Lee and Courtney Trouble proclaimed October 21 as "International Fisting Day," which Lee described as "a day of international celebration and education" intended in part to combat censorship.[27][18]
  • In the handkerchief code, the color red signifies interest in fisting.[93]

United Kingdom

In the United Kingdom, performing fisting[94] and fisting pornography are both legal.[95] However, until 2019, the Crown Prosecution Service (CPS) considered publication of fisting material to be grounds for prosecution under the Obscene Publications Act 1959[96] and Section 63 of the Criminal Justice and Immigration Act 2008, the latter of which prohibits so-called "extreme pornography."[97] In 1998, the University of Central England was involved in a controversy when a library book by Robert Mapplethorpe was confiscated from a student by the police, who informed the university that two photographs in the book (including one involving fisting) would have to be removed. If the university agreed to the removal (which it did not) the book would be returned. The two photographs, which were deemed possibly prosecutable as obscenity, included “Helmut and Brooks, NYC, 1978”, which shows anal fisting.[55][56][57] However, after a delay of about six months, the affair came to an end when Peter Knight, the Vice-Chancellor of the university, was informed that no legal action would be taken.[56][57] The book was returned to the university library without removal of the photos.[98] In R v Peacock (2012), the jury found Michael Peacock not guilty of breaching the Obscene Publications Act for selling DVDs containing anal fisting.[99] That same year, a jury took less than 90 minutes[100] to acquit Simon Walsh for possession of images of anal fisting that the Crown Prosecution Service (CPS) alleged constituted illegal, extreme pornography.[94] In 2019, the CPS declared it would no longer prosecute pornography produced by consenting adults engaging in legal acts,[101] including fisting.[95]

United States

Fisting is on the Cambria List, meant to be a list of sex acts that carry risk of prosecution under U.S. obscenity law, created by Paul Cambria in 2001 to help producers avoid obscenity lawsuits.[27] However, as of 2019, the Cambria List is generally regarded as obsolete within the American pornography industry.[102]

See also

References

  1. ^ a b c d e f g Dalzell, Tom, ed. (2018). The Routledge Dictionary of Modern American Slang and Unconventional English (2nd ed.). New York: Routledge. ISBN 9781351765206.
  2. ^ a b c d Herrman, Bert (1991). Trust—the Hand Book: A Guide to the Sensual and Spiritual Art of Handballing. San Francisco: Alamo Square Press. pp. 46–47, 58. ISBN 978-0-9624751-5-3. Retrieved March 4, 2014.
  3. ^ a b "The Ultimate Anal Fisting Guide". Fistfy. Retrieved January 2, 2024.
  4. ^ a b c d e f g Cheves, Alexander (February 12, 2016). "30 Kinky Terms Every Gay Man Needs to Know". The Advocate. Retrieved January 24, 2024.
  5. ^ a b c d Martin, Jarred H (April 3, 2023). "Fisting intimacy: The sexual scripting of intimacy in gay men's anal fisting". Psychology & Sexuality. 14 (2): 416–431. doi:10.1080/19419899.2022.2148119. hdl:2263/88857. ISSN 1941-9899. S2CID 253530400.
  6. ^ a b c d e f g "Fisting, also called handballing, fist-fucking, brachiovaginal, or brachioproctic insertion". Leatherpedia. 2017. Retrieved January 16, 2024.
  7. ^ Damousi, Joy; Reynolds, Robert (2003). History on the Couch: Essays in History and Psychoanalysis. Melbourne University. p. 57. ISBN 052285057X. Retrieved February 24, 2016.
  8. ^ David Bergman (2004). The Violet Hour: The Violet Quill and the Making of Gay Culture. Columbia University Press. pp. 206–207. ISBN 0231503830. Retrieved February 24, 2016.
  9. ^ Piontek, Thomas (January 2006). Queering Gay and Lesbian Studies. University of Illinois Press. p. 90. ISBN 978-0-252-03031-4. Retrieved October 9, 2014.
  10. ^ a b Smith, Jonathan (August 15, 2011). "A Hand in the Bush - An Interview with Deborah Addington". Vice. Retrieved January 15, 2024.
  11. ^ Taormino, Tristan (1998). The Ultimate Guide to Anal Sex for Women. Cleis Press. p. 103. ISBN 9781573440288.
  12. ^ Gayle Rubin, "The Catacombs: A Triumph of the Butthole", in Leatherfolk: Radical Sex, People, Politics, and Practice, Alyson Press, 1992, ISBN 1555831877, pp. 119-141; reprinted in Deviations: A Gayle Rubin Reader, Duke University Press, 2011, ISBN 0822349868, "Archived copy" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on October 6, 2014. Retrieved September 30, 2014.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link), retrieved September 30, 2014.
  13. ^ Gremore, Graham (May 19, 2016). "Levi's Is Bringing Back The Hanky Code Just In Time For Pride". Queerty. Retrieved October 4, 2024.
  14. ^ a b "Red Star Saloon S.F. (UC1STO551521)". USC Libraries. 2021. doi:10.25549/one-c4-46788. Retrieved July 8, 2024 – via ONE National Gay & Lesbian Archives.
  15. ^ a b Rubin, Gayle (1992). "The Catacombs: A Temple of the Butthole". Leatherfolk: Radical Sex, People, Politics, and Practice. Alyson Press. pp. 119–141. ISBN 1555831877.; reprinted in Deviations: A Gayle Rubin Reader (PDF). Duke University Press. 2011. ISBN 978-0822349860. Archived from the original (PDF) on October 6, 2014. Retrieved September 30, 2014.
  16. ^ Rofes, Eric (2005). "The Handball Express, 975 Harrison Street". A Walking Tour of South of Market in the 1970s (PDF). San Francisco. pp. 16–17. Archived from the original (PDF) on October 31, 2014. Retrieved November 24, 2014.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
  17. ^ a b "Erotic Hands". AEBN. Retrieved January 15, 2024.
  18. ^ a b c d e f g Barcelos, Chris A. (May 4, 2023). "Adventures in fisting". Sex Education. 23 (3): 279–286. doi:10.1080/14681811.2022.2061441. ISSN 1468-1811. S2CID 248197422.
  19. ^ "14 San Francisco Sex Clubs Told to Close to Curb AIDS". The New York Times. October 10, 1984. p. 8. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved January 20, 2024.
  20. ^ Carroll, Maurice (October 26, 1985). "State Permits Closing of Bathhouses to Cut AIDS". The New York Times. p. 1. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved January 20, 2024.
  21. ^ a b c Hank, Trout (December 22, 2021). "The bathhouse battle of 1984". San Francisco AIDS Foundation. Retrieved January 20, 2024.
  22. ^ Gayle S. Rubin, "Elegy for the Valley of Kings: AIDS and the Leather Community in San Francisco, 1981-1996", in In Changing Times: Gay Men and Lesbians Encounter HIV/AIDS, ed. John H. Gagnon, Peter M. Nardi, and Martin P. Levine, University of Chicago Press, 1997, ISBN 0226278573, pp. 101-144.
  23. ^ "one-2018001-p02335~01 (UC12335431)". USC Libraries. 2021. doi:10.25549/one-c4-45746. Retrieved July 8, 2024 – via ONE National Gay & Lesbian Archives.
  24. ^ "Exploring The Pleasures Of Fisting: A Guide To Safe And Enjoyable Fisting Sexual Experiences". Allo Health. July 24, 2023. Retrieved January 15, 2024.
  25. ^ Beresford, Kaitlyn Hayes and Meka (June 23, 2016). "UK sex trends: "Fisting is the new black"". PinkNews. Retrieved January 15, 2024.
  26. ^ Cheves, Alexander (July 10, 2019). "4 Perspectives On How The Internet Has Changed Kink". Them. Retrieved January 15, 2024.
  27. ^ a b c Dickson, E. J. (October 21, 2014). "Is fisting the Internet's last taboo sex act?". Cashmere Magazine. Retrieved January 15, 2024.
  28. ^ Cox, Joseph (May 10, 2016). "Another Day, Another Hack: Is Your Fisting Site Updating Its Forum Software?". Vice. Retrieved January 15, 2024.
  29. ^ "Kinky Dating App | Recon Review". Fetish.com. June 26, 2023. Retrieved January 23, 2024.
  30. ^ "IML 2017: International Mr. Leather in Chicago". Windy City Times. May 24, 2017. Retrieved January 20, 2024.
  31. ^ a b Wallace, Megan (April 27, 2023). "The ultimate guide to fisting". Mashable. Retrieved January 2, 2024.
  32. ^ Gum, Kim (August 29, 2023). "Unveiling the Secrets of Depth Play". Oieffur. Retrieved January 3, 2024.
  33. ^ "How Far Can You Go". Fistrik. September 22, 2020. Retrieved January 3, 2024.
  34. ^ a b Cheves, Alexander (May 9, 2018). "25 Tips for Your First Fist". The Advocate. Retrieved January 24, 2024.
  35. ^ a b Wolf, Dolan (July 19, 2018). "Expert advice: 8 steps for first-time fisters". San Francisco AIDS Foundation. Retrieved January 25, 2024.
  36. ^ a b "Rectal Prolapse: Symptoms, Causes & Treatment". Bespoke Surgical. January 19, 2022. Retrieved January 2, 2024.
  37. ^ "What is a Rosebud? Do you want to develop a Rosebud?". Fistfy. March 17, 2020. Retrieved January 2, 2024.
  38. ^ "Anal Prolapse? Such A Thing Exists And Gay Fisting Causes It". Redixx. August 20, 2019. Retrieved January 2, 2024.
  39. ^ Cohen, C. E.; Giles, A.; Nelson, M. (2004). "Sexual trauma associated with fisting and recreational drugs". Sexually Transmitted Infections. 80 (6): 469–470. doi:10.1136/sti.2004.011171. PMC 1744939. PMID 15572616.
  40. ^ Preuss, Johanna; Strehler, Marco; Dettmeyer, Reinhard; Madea, B. (2007). "Death after anal "fisting"". Archiv für Kriminologie. 221 (1–2): 28–35. PMID 18389861.
  41. ^ Torre, Carlo (1987). "Delayed death from "fisting"". The American Journal of Forensic Medicine and Pathology. 8 (1): 91. doi:10.1097/00000433-198703000-00026. PMID 3578218.
  42. ^ Fain, Dawn B.; McCormick, George M. (1989). "Vaginal "fisting" as a cause of death". The American Journal of Forensic Medicine and Pathology. 10 (1): 73–75. doi:10.1097/00000433-198903000-00019. PMID 2929548.
  43. ^ Reay, Donald T.; John W. Eisele (1983). "Sexual abuse and death of an elderly lady by "fisting"". The American Journal of Forensic Medicine and Pathology. 4 (4): 347–350. doi:10.1097/00000433-198312000-00013. PMID 6666762.
  44. ^ Auerbach, Judith (January 15, 1994). AIDS and Behavior: An Integrated Approach. National Academies Press. p. 49. ISBN 978-0-309-05093-7. Retrieved March 4, 2014.
  45. ^ Kaiser, Rachel T. (1994). "Air embolism death of a pregnant woman secondary to orogenital sex". Academic Emergency Medicine. 1 (6): 555–558. doi:10.1111/j.1553-2712.1994.tb02552.x. PMID 7600403.
  46. ^ Baxter, Rachel (2022). "Factors Associated With Fecal Incontinence After Receptive Anal Intercourse in Men Who Have Sex With Men". SMSNA. Retrieved September 25, 2023.
  47. ^ a b Garros, Aurélien; Bourrely, Michel; Sagaon-Teyssier, Luis; Sow, Abdourahmane; Lydie, Nathalie; Duchesne, Lucie; Higuero, Thierry; Damon, Henri; Velter, Annie; Abramowitz, Laurent (2021). "Risk of Fecal Incontinence Following Receptive Anal Intercourse: Survey of 21,762 Men Who Have Sex With Men". The Journal of Sexual Medicine. 18 (11): 1880–1890. doi:10.1016/j.jsxm.2021.07.014. ISSN 1743-6095. PMID 34645594. S2CID 258136104.
  48. ^ Chen, Avital Bar; Kalichman, Leonid (November 1, 2024). "Pelvic Floor Disorders Due to Anal Sexual Activity in Men and Women: A Narrative Review". Archives of Sexual Behavior. 53 (10): 4089–4098. doi:10.1007/s10508-024-02995-2. ISSN 1573-2800. PMC 11588838. PMID 39287780.
  49. ^ a b Gupta, Sarah (2022). "Is It Safe to Have Anal Sex?". GoodRx. Retrieved September 25, 2023.
  50. ^ van Dyk, Alta C. (2008). HIVAIDS Care & Counselling (4 ed.). Pearson South Africa. p. 156. ISBN 978-1-77025-171-7. Retrieved March 4, 2014.
  51. ^ Cindy (July 17, 2017). "Reginold Alley's Leather Memoir". Public Art and Architecture from Around the World. Art and Architecture. Retrieved July 7, 2018.
  52. ^ Paull, Laura (June 21, 2018). "Honoring gay leather culture with art installation in SoMa alleyway". J. The Jewish News of Northern California. Retrieved June 23, 2018.
  53. ^ "Double Fist Fuck (The J. Paul Getty Museum Collection)". The J. Paul Getty Museum Collection. Retrieved January 2, 2024.
  54. ^ "Fist Fuck / Full Body". LACMA Collections. Retrieved January 2, 2024.
  55. ^ a b "Helmut and Brooks, N.Y.C. (Getty Museum)". Getty.edu. Retrieved January 3, 2020.
  56. ^ a b c Jason Bennetto (October 1, 1998). "Mapplethorpe images cleared". The Independent. Retrieved January 3, 2020.
  57. ^ a b c "UCE pages on the Mapplethorpe controversy". Archived from the original on February 9, 1999. Retrieved November 12, 2002.
  58. ^ "Tom of Finland - The Gay Icon Who Changed Pop Culture Forever". Fistfy. March 21, 2020. Retrieved January 2, 2024.
  59. ^ Street, Mikelle (January 4, 2021). "Your Favorite (Explicit) Tom of Finland Art Is Now a Set of Magnets". Out. Retrieved January 2, 2024.
  60. ^ "Tom of Finland Foundation Galleries, Galleries of Artists: Etienne/Stephen". Tom of Finland Foundation. Retrieved January 25, 2024.
  61. ^ "Poster of Leatherman/Biker in Chaps fisting a bound nude man with can of Crisco at feet #1/10 by The Hun [Bill Schmeling] - 1981". Biblio. Retrieved January 2, 2024.
  62. ^ "Chuck Arnett collection". Online Archive of California. Collection Number: 1997-42. Retrieved July 8, 2024.
  63. ^ Bayly, Zac (August 22, 2024). "Gengoroh Tagame: Japanese Author of Brutal Sadomasochistic Comics Is Actually a Big Softy". Butt Magazine. Issue 33. Retrieved January 15, 2024.
  64. ^ "Artworks". Drubskin. June 17, 2021. Retrieved January 20, 2024.[permanent dead link]
  65. ^ Gallego, Julia R. (2014). "The Dissector's Cut, the Wound and the Orifice: Seeing Ron Athey's performances through a cultural anatomy of the vagina". Performance Research. 19 (4): 74–84. doi:10.1080/13528165.2014.947124. S2CID 191537518.
  66. ^ "Being Green". Jess Dobkin. Archived from the original on January 14, 2024. Retrieved January 14, 2024.
  67. ^ Dupuis, Chris (September 16, 2021). "Jess Dobkin, a Performance Artist With a Unique Sense of Humor". Hyperallergic. Retrieved January 14, 2024.
  68. ^ "Detroit's massive jar of Crisco up for sale on eBay". Michigan Public Media. August 8, 2013. Retrieved January 2, 2024.
  69. ^ Olshansky, Clara (July 31, 2013). "Artist Gives Detroit Crisco, "To Ease the Pain"". Art F City. Retrieved January 2, 2024.
  70. ^ Frank, Gillian (February 19, 2015). "Straight After Death: Misremembering the Queer Life and Times of Rod McKuen". NOTCHES. Retrieved January 2, 2024.
  71. ^ a b 1977 cover art for Slide Easy In by Rod McKuen, digitized and published on Blogspot.com on January 29, 2015. Inscription on cover reads, in part: "If this album sounds different, it tried to be. The performers, producers, the players (whether part of the enormous rhythm section or the full symphony complement of strings) knew this was a project everyone had to get into; not just on the surface, but deeply—and together. If you don't feel "easy in" then perhaps your threshold of pain or pleasure needs looking into. [...] Photos of Bruno courtesy of Target Studios. Bruno Courtesy of The Bull Pen. Special thanks to Target."
  72. ^ Doyle, JD. "Rod McKuen "Slide...Easy In" LP". Queer Music Heritage. Retrieved January 2, 2024.
  73. ^ Hilton, Danny (March 28, 2014). "The 10 best songs about gay sex". Queerty. Retrieved January 14, 2024.
  74. ^ Michelson, Noah (February 10, 2017). "This Singer's 'Shocking' XXX Music Video Is A 'Royal F**K You' To The Trump Era". Huffington Post. Retrieved January 13, 2024.
  75. ^ Bray, Catherine (May 19, 2023). "'An irresistible mix of art and genitals': Caligula finally comes to Cannes". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved January 14, 2024.
  76. ^ White, Rachel Rabbit (April 18, 2019). "Sex Scenes: 'Cruising' Through 1970s Gay NYC". Garage. Retrieved January 2, 2024.
  77. ^ Hochman, David (July 9, 1999). "Putting the 'R' in South Park". Entertainment Weekly. Retrieved January 20, 2024.
  78. ^ Usher, Shaun (September 30, 2009). "P.S. This is my favorite memo ever". Letters of Note. Retrieved January 20, 2024.
  79. ^ Wang, Joy Y. (February 16, 2015). "Least sexy scene in 'Fifty Shades' is also the most progressive". MSNBC. Retrieved January 15, 2024.
  80. ^ Kelly, Emma (September 23, 2019). "Julian Clary doesn't regret that infamous Norman Lamont joke". Metro. Retrieved January 2, 2024.
  81. ^ Vivona, Veronica (June 24, 2017). "South Park: 15 Times Butters Didn't Know What Was Going On". Screen Rant. Retrieved January 20, 2024.
  82. ^ Henderson, Eric (March 23, 2018). "RuPaul's Drag Race Recap: Season 10, Episode 1, "10s Across the Board"". Slant Magazine. Retrieved January 2, 2024.
  83. ^ Frank, Jason P. (June 16, 2023). "RuPaul's Drag Race All Stars Recap: Yes, And?". Vulture. Retrieved January 2, 2024.
  84. ^ Nolfi, Joey (June 1, 2017). "Watch 'Drag Race' Queens Crack RuPaul up During Shady Puppet Challenge". Entertainment Weekly. Retrieved January 2, 2024.
  85. ^ Gunn, Drewey Wayne (November 6, 2014). "Remembering Dirk Vanden". Lambda Literary. Retrieved January 4, 2024.
  86. ^ Riobó, Carlos (2013). "Raiding the "Anales" of the Empire: Sarduy's Subversions of the Latin American Boom". Hispanic Review. 81 (3): 331–352. doi:10.1353/hir.2013.0029. ISSN 0018-2176. JSTOR 43279288. S2CID 162388356.
  87. ^ Saylor, Steven. "A Search for Ecstasy" (PDF). The Sentinel. Vol. 9, no. 12. San Francisco. p. 11. Retrieved January 14, 2024 – via University of California, Berkeley.
  88. ^ Sawyer, Drew. Fowles, Sev (ed.). "Crisco Or How To Do Queer Theory With Things". Columbia University. Thing Theory (2007). Retrieved January 2, 2024.
  89. ^ "LGBTQ Florence". Feel Florence - Municipality of Florence Official Tourism Website. Retrieved January 25, 2024.
  90. ^ "Una Bella Storia". Crisco Club - American Crisco Club Firenze. Retrieved January 25, 2024.
  91. ^ "One Way (UC12333964)". USC Libraries. 2021. doi:10.25549/one-c4-46937. Retrieved July 6, 2024 – via ONE National Gay & Lesbian Archives.
  92. ^ "One Way". Paris LGBT+ Guide (in French). Retrieved July 6, 2024.
  93. ^ Cornier, J. Raúl (April 23, 2019). "Hanky Panky: An Abridged History of the Hanky Code". The History Project. Retrieved January 15, 2024.
  94. ^ a b Myles Jackman (August 8, 2012). "Extreme porn trial: consensual sex and the state". The Guardian. London. Retrieved January 4, 2013.
  95. ^ a b Long, Matilda (January 31, 2019). "Ban on fetish porn including BDSM overturned in England in landmark ruling". Yahoo News. Retrieved January 18, 2024.
  96. ^ "Obscene publications: Legal Guidance". Crown Prosecution Service. Archived from the original on December 15, 2016. Retrieved April 20, 2023.
  97. ^ "Extreme Pornography". Crown Prosecution Service. Archived from the original on January 18, 2024. Retrieved January 17, 2024.
  98. ^ Ursula Smartt (April 19, 2011). Media and Entertainment Law. Taylor & Francis. pp. 277–. ISBN 978-1-136-73641-4.
  99. ^ Beaumont, Peter; Hodgson, Nichi (January 7, 2012). "Obscenity law in doubt after jury acquits distributor of gay pornography". The Guardian. Retrieved January 7, 2012.
  100. ^ Davies, Caroline (August 8, 2012). "Former Boris Johnson aide cleared of possession of 'extreme pornography'". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved January 17, 2024.
  101. ^ Waterson, Jim (January 31, 2019). "Pornography of adult consensual sex no longer taboo, says CPS". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved January 18, 2024.
  102. ^ Zorkin, Gene (June 12, 2019). "Are Obscenity Prosecution Concerns Obsolete?". YNOT. Retrieved January 2, 2024.
  • Addington, D (1998). A Hand in the Bush, The Fine Art of Vaginal Fisting. Greenery Press.
  • Donovan B; Tindall B; Cooper D. Brachioproctic eroticism and transmission of retrovirus associated with acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS). Genitourin Med. 1986 Dec;62(6):390-2.
  • Herrman, Bert (1991). Trust, the Hand Book: A Guide to the Sensual and Spiritual Art of Handballing. San Francisco: Alamo Square Press. ISBN 0-9624751-5-7.
  • Inciardi, James A.; Surratt, Hilary L.; Telles, Paulo R. (November 1, 2000). Sex, Drugs, and HIV/AIDS in Brazil. Westview Press. ISBN 0-8133-3424-1.
  • Medical terminology and some information on risks were taken from The Intelligent Man's Guide To Handball, a guide to man-on-man fisting.
  •   Media related to Fisting at Wikimedia Commons