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Summary
DescriptionEastchina and Eastchina Sea tmo 2017313 geo.tif |
English: The coastal waters along China’s Jiangsu province are brown all year round due to the large volume of suspended sediment that flows out from the Yangtze, Yellow, and other rivers.
But every winter, an even larger tongue of sediment emerges over the Great Yangtze Bank and extends hundreds of kilometers into the East China Sea. These winter plumes are prominent features in satellite imagery for a few months, before fading away in the spring. The Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) on NASA’s Terra satellite captured this natural-color image of a plume over the Great Yangtze Bank on November 9, 2017. Remote sensing scientists find the feature perplexing and have advanced several theories about the causes. Some have argued that the plume is a product of currents moving sediment-laden river water eastward from the coast. Others have argued that it is caused by tides lifting up sediment that was deposited on the bottom of the Great Yangtze Bank hundreds of years ago. A new study in the Journal of Geophysical Research Oceans makes the case for the latter option. After gathering data on waves, sediments, and currents as observed in January 2016 (when the sediment plume was visible in satellite imagery), researchers developed a model that simulated conditions in this part of the ocean. They ran a series of computational experiments that showed that the energy of tides is strong enough to stir up bottom sediment from the Yangtze Bank. The tides do this all year round, the scientists think, but their modeling shows that the sediment can only rise up to the surface in the winter, when temperatures and salinities at the sea surface and bottom are roughly the same. In the summer, an influx of fresh water from the Yangtze, combined with heating of the surface layers of the sea, prevents vertical mixing and keeps the resuspended sediment in the depths.Deutsch: Die Küstengewässer entlang der chinesischen Provinz Jiangsu sind wegen des großen Eintrags von Suspensionssedimenten aus dem Jangtsekiang, dem Gelben Fluß und anderen Flüssen braun gefärbt.
Doch jeden Winter bildet sich über der Großen Jangtsebank eine viel größere Zunge von Sedimenten, die sich über hunderte von Kilometern in das Ostchinesische Meer hinaus erstreckt. Diese Sedimentfahnen sind für einige Monate gut erkennbare Merkmale auf Satellitenbildern, bevor sie im Frühling wieder verschwinden. Das Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) auf dem Terra-Satelliten der NASA nahm diese Bild in natürlichen Farben am 9. November 2017 auf. Ferneerkundungswissenschaftler finden dieses Merkmal verblüffend und haben mehrere Theorien zu den Gründen entwickelt. Einige vertreten die Meinung, daß die Sedimentfahne das Ergebnis von Strömungen sind, die sedimentgeladenes Flußwasser ostwärts von der Küste weg befördern. Andere hingegen erklären diese Sedimentfahne damit, daß der Gezeitenhub bereits vor hunderten von Jahren am Boden der Großen Jangtsebank abgelagerte Sedimente hochwirbelt. Eine neue Studie, die im Journal of Geophysical Research Oceans veröffentlicht wurde, vertritt folgende Möglichkeit: Nachdem im Januar 2016 Daten zu Wellen, Sedimentation und Strömungen (als die Sedimentfahne auf Satellitenbildern gut sichtbar war) gesammelt waren, entwickelten die Forscher ein Modell, das die Bedingungen in diesem Teil des Pazifischen Ozeans simulierte. Sie führten eine Reihe von Computersimulationsexperimenten durch, mit denen gezeigt wurde, daß die Energie des Gezeitenhubs stark genug ist, um Sedimente am Boden der Jangtsebank aufzuwirbeln. Die Gezeiten tun dies, so denken die Wissenschaftler, das ganze Jahr hindurch, doch ihre Modelle zeigten, daß die Sedimente nur im Winter bis an die Oberfläche gelangen können, wenn die Temperaturen und Salinitäten an der Wasseroberfläche und in der Tiefe sich annähern. Im Sommer hingegen führt der Einfluß des kalten Wassers aus dem Jangtse und der erwärmten Wasseroberfläche des Meeres dazu, daß die vertikale Vermischung verhindert wird und so die aufgewirbelten Sedimente in der Tiefe verbleiben. |
Date | |
Source | https://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/IOTD/view.php?id=91325&src=iotdrss |
Author | NASA Earth Observatory image by Jesse Allen, using data from the Level 1 and Atmospheres Active Distribution System (LAADS). Story by Adam Voiland, with information from Zhifa Luo (East China Normal University). |
Other versions |
References
- Luo, Z. et al. (2017) Dynamics of the Sediment Plume Over the Yangtze Bank in the Yellow and East China Seas. Journal of Geophysical Research Oceans.
- Qiao, S. et al. (2017) Sediment accumulation and budget in the Bohai Sea, Yellow Sea and East China Sea. Marine Geology, 390 (1), 270-281.
- Shi, W. & Wang, M. (2010) Satellite observations of the seasonal sediment plume in central East China Sea. Journal of Marine Systems, 84 (2), 280-285.
Licensing
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This file is in the public domain in the United States because it was solely created by NASA. NASA copyright policy states that "NASA material is not protected by copyright unless noted". (See Template:PD-USGov, NASA copyright policy page or JPL Image Use Policy.) | ||
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Date/Time | Thumbnail | Dimensions | User | Comment | |
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current | 02:42, 7 December 2017 | 4,000 × 3,000 (15.34 MB) | Matthiasb | {{Information |Description ={{en|1=The coastal waters along China’s Jiangsu province are brown all year round due to the large volume of suspended sediment that flows out from the Yangtze, Yellow, and other rivers. But every winter, an even large... |
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Image title | IDL TIFF file |
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Width | 4,000 px |
Height | 3,000 px |
Bits per component |
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Compression scheme | LZW |
Pixel composition | RGB |
Orientation | Normal |
Number of components | 3 |
Number of rows per strip | 21 |
Horizontal resolution | 72 dpi |
Vertical resolution | 72 dpi |
Data arrangement | chunky format |
Software used | Adobe Photoshop CC 2017 (Macintosh) |
File change date and time | 16:07, 22 November 2017 |
Color space | sRGB |